Abnormal Chapter 6 Qs without answers(1)

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1 Chapter 6: Depressive Disorders Questions 1. _____ are a group of mental disorders associated with serious and persistent difficulty maintaining an even, productive emotional state. Mood disorders 2. Depression is a type of mood disorder. True or false? True 3. Depression is the most common type of mood disorder. True or false? True 4. _____ are a group of emotional disturbances associated with negative moods and serious and persistent difficulty maintaining a comfortable and productive emotional state. Depressive disorders 5. Each year, depression affects ____ percent of the United States population. 9.5% 7% 6. 1 in _____ adults are expected to experience depression in their lifetime. Six 7. Depression has been greater during the COVID pandemic than before it. True or false? True 8. Depression has increased the longer the COVID pandemic has existed. True or false? True 9. All forms of depression have increased since before the COVID pandemic. True or false? True 10. ______ refers to those instances when more than one disease or condition is present in a person at one time. Comorbidity 11. _____ is the most common comorbid mental illness that is associated with depression. Anxiety disorders 12. _____ percent of people with depression also meet criteria for another disorder. 50% 13. _____ is the mental illness that relates to the past. Depression 14. _____ is the mental illness that relates to the future. Anxiety 15. List the 2 major categories of depressive disorders. Major depressive Disorder, Persistent Depressive Disorder

2 16. How many criteria are needed to be diagnosed as MDD? five or more 17. What is the minimum time period an MDD individual must display symptoms? At least two weeks 18. People with MDD suffer from anhedonia. True or false? True 19. _____ percent of people with MDD suffer from insomnia. 75% 20. Lack of sleep can trigger an MDD episode. True or false? True 21. Who is more likely to be diagnosed as MDD? Men or women? Or are the diagnosis rates equivalent between the 2 sexes? 22. Individuals with MDD are typically diagnosed at what point in their life? 40s 23. With regard to MDD, the average duration of an episode is: 24. With regard to MDD, the average individual has _____ episodes during their lifetime. 25. List the 6 specifiers associated with MDD. Provide the FULL names. 26. Of the specifiers associated with MDD, which is the most common? Provide the FULL name. 27. Of the specifiers associated with MDD, which two account for the majority of MDD cases? 28. A person must display symptoms for at least _____ in order to be diagnosed as PDD. 2 years 29. PDD is more severe than MDD. True or false? False 30. PDD is less severe than MDD. True or false? True 31. PDD is more chronic than MDD. True or false?

3 True 32. PDD is less chronic than MDD. True or false? False 33. PDD develops more gradually than MDD. True or false? True 34. MDD develops more gradually than PDD. True or false? False 35. What is the prevalence rate of PDD? 1.5% 36. What age is associated with the highest level of PDD? 50 years of age 37. What is the median time to recover (in months) from PDD? 52 months 38. Relapse is high in cases of PDD. True or false? True 39. Relapse is low in cases of PDD. True or false? False 40. If one identical twin is diagnosed with a depressive disorder, the other twin is _____ percent likely to be diagnosed as well. 76% 41. If one fraternal twin is diagnosed with a depressive disorder, the other twin is _____ percent likely to be diagnosed as well. 19% 42. It can be expected that ____ percent of the risk for depression is due to genetics. 30-40% 43. It can be expected that ____ percent of the risk for depression is due to the environment. 44. What neurotransmitters are associated with depression? Norepinephrine, Serotonin, Dopamine 45. High levels of norepinephrine are associated with depression. True or false? False 46. Low levels of norepinephrine are associated with depression. True or false? True 47. High levels of serotonin are associated with depression. True or false? False 48. Low levels of serotonin are associated with depression. True or false?

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4 True 49. High levels of dopamine are associated with depression. True or false? False 50. Low levels of dopamine are associated with depression. True or false? True 51. What hormone is associated with depression? Cortisol 52. High levels of cortisol are associated with depression. True or false? True 53. Low levels of cortisol are associated with depression. True or false? False 54. High levels of prefrontal cortex activity is associated with depression. True or false? False 55. Low levels of prefrontal cortex activity is associated with depression. True or false? True 56. High levels of amygdala activity is associated with depression. True or false? True 57. Low levels of amygdala activity is associated with depression. True or false? False 58. _____ refers to the tendency of a person to interpret successes as due to external factors and failures to internal factors. 59. ______ refers to endlessly think about depression or the event(s) that caused it. 60. Endlessly thinking about depression or the event(s) that caused it will reduce an individual’s level of depression. True or false? False 61. Endlessly thinking about depression or the event(s) that caused it will increase an individual’s level of depression. True or false? 62. Endlessly thinking about depression or the event(s) that caused it will reduce the duration of an episode of depression. True or false? 63. Endlessly thinking about depression or the event(s) that caused it will increase the duration of an episode of depression. True or false?

5 64. Men are more likely to ruminate. True or false? F 65. Women are more likely to ruminate. True or false? T 66. Men are more likely to use distraction to deal with depression than women. True or false? 67. Women are more likely to use distraction to deal with depression than men. True or false? 68. According to what was stated in the textbook, people who have suffered from depression are more deliberate in their thinking than individuals how have not suffered from depression. True or false? 69. According to what was stated in the textbook, people who have suffered from depression are more careful than individuals how have not suffered from depression. True or false? 70. According to what was stated in the textbook, people who have suffered from depression have stronger immune systems than individuals how have not suffered from depression. True or false? 71. What is the rate (percent) of depression of the Kaluli people? 0.05%, in the US it is 20-25% 72. On page 231, there is a quote from a TEDx talk given by Stephen Ilardi. What is the quote? 73. Name the 3 drugs that are used to treat depression. Use FULL names, not abbreviations. Monoamine oxidase inhibitor, Tricyclics, Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors 74. _____ percent of people who take antidepressants undergo remission. You need to calculate this number. 33.33% 75. _____ percent of people who take antidepressants show improvement but do not undergo remission. You need to calculate this number. 33.33% 76. _____ percent of people who take antidepressants show no improvement. You need to calculate this number.

6 33.33% 77. How long does it usually take for antidepressants to have an effect? 2 weeks 78. What is the correct dosage when taking an antidepressant? The correct dosage can be dependent on the individual and their reaction to the antidepressant. 79. A person regularly suffers from depression during December and January. What treatment would be best for such an individual? Light therapy 80. What is the remission rate for depression when ECT is used? Just over 50% 81. What is the remission rate for depression when therapy is used? 62% 82. How many therapy sessions does an individual typically have to complete for there to be remission from depression? 12-18 sessions Applied Questions: Questions that you should be able to answer based on the lecture video and/or textbook information, but the answers are not provided in the book or video. 1. *Q: A MDD patient moves little or not at all. In fact, you find that if you position the limbs of that person, they will stay in whatever position you create. Which type of MDD does this person suffer from? Provide the FULL name. 2. *Q: MDD patients with atypical features tends to display hypersomnia. True or false? 3. *Q: MDD patients with atypical features tends to display hyposomnia. True or false? 4. *Q: MDD patients with atypical features tends to gain weight. True or false? 5. *Q: MDD patients with atypical features tends to lose weight. True or false? 6. *Q: MDD patients with _____ features may see and hear things that are not actually there. 7. *Q: A MDD patient suffers from depression in January but not July. Which type of MDD does this person suffer from? Provide the FULL name. 8. *Q: A MDD patient is finding that she is depressed despite the fact that she just had a healthy baby. Which type of MDD does this person suffer from? Provide the FULL name. 9. *Q: I create a drug that increases levels of norepinephrine and also decreases levels of dopamine. Based on that, individuals diagnosed with depression should get better. True or false? 10. *Q: I create a drug that increases levels of dopamine and also decreases levels of norepinephrine. Based on that, individuals diagnosed with depression should get better. True or false? 11. *Q: I create a drug that makes people produce three times more cortisol. Based on that, individuals diagnosed with depression should get better. True or false?

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7 12. *Q: I create a drug that makes people produce one-third the normal level of cortisol. Based on that, individuals diagnosed with depression should get better. True or false? 13. *Q: If Stephen Ilardi is correct in terms of what causes depression, then what is the solution? Name 2 things you would tell a depressed friend to do because it should reduce the likelihood they will be depressed. Be specific in your answer. 14. *Q: If Stephen Ilardi is correct in terms of what causes depression, then what is the solution? Name 2 things you would tell a depressed friend to NOT do because it would not reduce the likelihood they will be depressed. Be specific in your answer.

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