Personality Ch6 6th ed A & C Qs without answers(1)

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1 Chapter 6: Self-regulation: Agreeableness and Conscientiousness Questions based on the lecture and/or textbook. 1. Extraversion and neuroticism emphasize the _____ features of life. emotional 2. Agreeableness and conscientiousness emphasize the _____ features of life. societal 3. According to the textbook, the hardest problem people have to face in dealing with the social world is _____. Self-regulation 4. The _____ argues that natural selection has gradually pushed human nature in the direction of lower aggression, greater communicative cooperation, greater self-control, and better tolerance, patience, and empathy. Human self-domestication hypothesis 5. The words hormones and neurotransmitters are synonymous. True or false? False 6. Oxytocin influences positive social ties. True or false? True 7. An increase in oxytocin results in an increase in the ability to understand another person’s emotional state. True or false? True 8. SSRI stands for _____. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors 9. How do SSRIs change the level of serotonin available for stimulation? They increase the level of serotonin available for uptake. 10. SSRIs result in _____ in the level (amount) of serotonin available for stimulation. a. no change b. a decrease c. an increase 11. Serotonin is often used in the treatment of _____. a. Aggression b. Anxiety c. Depression d. Motivation 12. Serotonin levels are associated with self-regulation. True or false? True 13. _____ levels of serotonin result in an increased ability to disregard distracting impulses, and enhance engagement in deliberate, reflective, and strategic action. a. High b. Low c. Moderate 14. _____ levels of serotonin are associated with reacting without thinking (impulsive behaviors), yielding to temptation, and increased aggression. a. High b. Low

2 c. Moderate 15. An increase in serotonin levels results in reduced responsiveness to negative emotional stimuli, decreased aggression, and increased cooperativeness and social effectiveness. True or false? True 16. A decrease in serotonin levels results in reduced responsiveness to negative emotional stimuli, decreased aggression, and increased cooperativeness and social effectiveness. True or false? False 17. Phineas Gage had damage to which specific part of his brain? Prefrontal cortex 18. Where is the prefrontal cortex located? Be clear in your answer. The prefrontal cortex is in the anterior portion of the frontal lobe. 19. The prefrontal cortex is associated with: a. Memory b. Vision c. Executive functions d. Motor coordination 20. How did Phineas Gage’s personality change after his accident? Phineas Gage’s personality reflected irritability, aggressive, quick tempered, and impulsive. 21. The _____ is associated with regulating blood pressure, heart rate, reward-seeking behavior, empathy, and decision making. a. prefrontal cortex b. spindle cells c. hypothalamus d. anterior cingulate cortex 22. _____ are involved in difficult cognitive problems, evaluating the degree or severity of a problem, selection of appropriate behavioral responses. Spindle cells 23. According to the Ancient Greeks, the degree of an individual’s self-regulation was related to 2 things. What are the 2 things? Child-rearing and Education 24. _____ argued that we are good because we know we are being watched (evaluated, observed). a. Sigmund Freud b. Plato c. George Herbert Mead d. Carl Jung 25. The term _____ refers to a person’s inner sense of the observing outer world. Generalized other 26. Research has shown that by the age of _____, individuals begin to control their emotions. 6 months 27. _____ refers to the processes or manner by which individuals control and adjust their feelings and reactions to events and stimuli. Emotional regulation

3 28. _____ refers to the active and voluntary capacity to withhold a dominant response in order to enact a subordinate response given situational demands. Effortful control 29. According to the textbook, _____ and _____ preschoolers should superior effortful control compared to North American preschoolers. Chinese, Korean 30. _____ refers to feelings that social actors experience when they evaluate themselves against others. Self-conscious emotions 31. According to the textbook, effortful control relates to _____. Select all that apply. a. Openness to experience b. Conscientiousness c. Extraversion d. Agreeableness e. Neuroticism 32. Research has shown that by the age of _____, individuals begin to display effortful control. The answer is a range of time. 6 months 33. According to the textbook, people who score high on A are _____. 1 word. Nice 34. Of the Big 5, _____ is most strongly associated with health and longevity. a. Openness to experience b. Conscientiousness c. Extraversion d. Agreeableness e. Neuroticism REVIEW FIGURE 6.2 IN ORDER TO ANSWER QUESTIONS 41 - 47 35. In terms of conscientiousness and longevity, who is more likely to live longer? Males or females? Males Females 36. Overall, people high in C are more likely to live longer than people low in C. True or false? True 37. Females high in C are more likely to live longer than females low in C. True or false? False 38. Males high in C are more likely to live longer than males low in C. True or false? True 39. Females low in C are more likely to live longer than males high in C. True or false? False 40. Females high in C are more likely to live longer than males high in C. True or false? False 41. Females low in C are more likely to live longer than males low in C. True or false? False 42. C is related to mortality because it reflects _____. Health and longevity 43. Low C people live longer than high C people. True or false?

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4 False 44. High C people live longer than low C people. True or false? True 45. According to the textbook, if you are looking for a happy and long-term romance, you should pick someone high in _____. Select all that apply. a. Openness to experience b. Conscientiousness c. Extraversion d. Agreeableness e. Neuroticism 46. People high in _____ are more likely to develop a secure attachment relationship. Select all that apply. a. Openness to experience b. Conscientiousness c. Extraversion d. Agreeableness e. Neuroticism 47. According to the textbook, people high in A and C have significantly longer marriages. True or false? True 48. According to the textbook, people high in A and C have significantly happier marriages. True or false? True 49. According to the textbook, people high in A and C have significantly lower divorce rates. True or false? True 50. Students high in _____ consistently receive higher grades than individuals low in _____. a. Openness to experience b. Conscientiousness c. Extraversion d. Agreeableness e. Neuroticism 51. Students high in C worked harder in their classes when the material was boring compared to students low in C. True or false? True 52. Students high in C worked harder in their classes when the teacher/professor was uninspiring compared to students low in C. True or false? True 53. _____ is the only Big 5 trait that is a consistent and strong predictor of success on the job. a. Openness to experience b. Conscientiousness c. Extraversion d. Agreeableness e. Neuroticism 54. _____ is the only Big 5 trait that is a consistent and strong predictor of occupational status attainment.

5 a. Openness to experience b. Conscientiousness c. Extraversion d. Agreeableness e. Neuroticism 55. List the 3 reasons why C is related to job performance. People high in C tend to work harder. They are better organized and efficient. Lastly, they also tend to play by the rules. 56. According to the study by Nickel et al. (2019), when is it better to be low in C than high in C? Be clear and complete in your answer. According to Nickel et al, in life changing situations like loosing a job it is better to be low in C. People who are high in C are often found with an increase in a decline of life satisfaction over time in negative situations. 57. According to the textbook, the self-reported life satisfaction of people high in C increased the longer they were unemployed. True or false? False 58. According to the textbook, the self-reported life satisfaction of people low in C continuously decreased the longer they were unemployed. True or false? False 59. According to the textbook, a negative correlation between A score and income is evident in females. True or false? False 60. According to the textbook, a negative correlation between A score and income is evident in males. True or false? False 61. According to the textbook, “Psychologically speaking, the opposite of agreeableness is _____ (2 words). Unbridled aggression 62. According to the textbook, antisocial behavior is associated with low scores on ____. Select all that apply. a. Openness to experience b. Conscientiousness c. Extraversion d. Agreeableness e. Neuroticism 63. List the 2 dark traits discussed in the textbook. Machiavellianism, Dispositional Contempt 64. Being called a Machiavellian is a compliment. True or false? False 65. In your own words, what would it mean if someone said you were Machiavellian? They would be stating my personality is one who is highly manipulative of others. I would also have a disregard for morality. I would often focus on my self-interest and personal gains. 66. According to the textbook, dark traits are associated with _____ E. High, medium, or low? High

6 67. According to the textbook, dark traits are associated with _____ N. High, medium, or low? High 68. According to the textbook, dark traits are associated with _____ C. High, medium, or low? Low 69. In your own words, what would it mean if someone said you displayed dispositional contempt? Low 70. According to the textbook, contempt is strongly and negatively associated with which one of the Big 5? a. Openness to experience b. Conscientiousness c. Extraversion d. Agreeableness e. Neuroticism Applied Questions: Questions that you should be able to answer based on the lecture and/or textbook, but the answers are not provided in the lecture or book. 1. *Q: There is a _____ correlation between the amount of oxytocin secreted by a person and that person’s ability to understand another person’s emotional state. a. negative b. positive c. zero 2. *Q: How would your life be different if suddenly you did not have any spindle cells? Use your personal life and be specific and clear in your answer. 3. *Q: As you know, the characteristics of Agreeableness and Conscientiousness relate to decision making. As was discussed, we often make bad decisions. Think about all the decisions you made in the past week. What percentage do you think were “bad” decisions? Bad being defined as doing things you know you should not do. All you need to do is provide a percentage (a number). No need to explain your answer or provide specific examples. 4. *Q: Why do you think it is the case that we make bad decisions? Please be clear and complete in your answer and explanation. 5. *Q: On a scale of 0 (never) to 100 (always), what score would you give yourself in terms of emotional regulation? No need to explain your answer. 6. *Q: Give an example of when you displayed effortful control. Fully and clearly explain your answer. 7. *Q: Based on the information from the textbook, one would expect to find a _____ correlation between C score and risk-taking. a. positive b. negative c. zero

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7 8. *Q: One would expect to find a _____ correlation between A and relationship satisfaction. a. positive b. negative c. zero 9. *Q: Imagine a relationship between person X and person Y. Imagine person Y does something really bad. According to the textbook, when is it best (in terms of the relationship) if person X is high in A? Select all that apply. a. person Y is high in A b. person Y is medium in A c. person Y is low in A 10. *Q: Imagine a relationship between person X and person Y. Imagine person Y does something really bad. According to the textbook, when is it worst (in terms of the relationship) if person X is high in A? Select all that apply. a. person Y is high in A b. person Y is medium in A c. person Y is low in A 11. *Q: Based on what you have learned, you should see a _____ correlation between a person’s C score and occupation achievement. a. positive b. negative c. zero 12. *Q: Based on what is stated in the textbook, one would expect to find a _____ correlation between a person’s C score and their income. a. positive b. negative c. zero 13. *Q: According to the textbook, it is better to be high in C than low in C if you were fired from a job you were really invested in. True or false?

Personality Ch6 6th ed A & C Qs without answers(1)

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