discussion 3325

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3325

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Psychology

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Feb 20, 2024

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The consistency of a construct can be measured by its reliability, which is the degree to which the same results can be obtained using the exact measurement repeatedly. The ability to have confidence in the measurement findings is made possible by reliability, making reliability a significant concept. A test is seen as having high levels of reliability if, for instance, a student takes an identical examination on two separate occasions yet receives the same score each time. Validity refers to how a measure accurately reflects or assesses the construct it was designed to test. Validity can be determined by comparing the results of two or more measures. Four distinct categories can be utilized to categorize validity: content validity, criterion-related validity, construct validity, and consequential validity. The degree to which a specific measure faithfully reflects the content of a particular concept is referred to as the content validity of that measure. The degree to which an individual's performance on one measure can be used to predict their performance on another is known as criterion-related validity. Construct Validity - how well a variable was measured or manipulated in a study. "How well did the researchers measure/manipulate their variables." External Validity- how well the results of a study generalize to or represent individuals or contexts besides those in the survey itself. Conclusion Validity- the extent to which statistical conclusions derived from a study are accurate and reasonable. "How well do the numbers support the claim?" addresses the strength of an effect and its statistical significance. Internal Validity- In a relationship between one variable (A) and another (B), the extent to which (A), rather than some other variable (C) is responsible for the effect of (B). There are no other outcomes for the change in (B); (A) is the only thing that changed. The ability to rule out alternative explanations for a causal relationship between 2 variables Face validity- The content of the measure appears to reflect the construct being measured Content validity- The content of the measure is linked to the universe of content that defines the construct. Predictive validity- Scores on the measure predict behavior on a criterion measured at a future time. Concurrent validity- Scores on the measure are related to a criterion measured at the same time (concurrently). Convergent validity- Scores on the measure are related to other measures of the same construct. Discriminant validity- Scores on the measure are not related to other measures that are theoretically different. References Cozby, P. C. (2023). Methods in Behavioral Research. McGraw Hill. Paul C. Cozby, Scott Bates - Methods in Behavioral Research-McGraw Hill (2023).pdf

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