Exam #5 (Final)

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Southeast Missouri State University *

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Psychology

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Feb 20, 2024

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Exam #5 (Final Exam) This exam covers Chapters 14, 15, and 16. 1. The students that attended class received five code words for the final exam. What are those five words? (10 points) 2. Since 1900, the average age for puberty’s onset in the United States has __________.(3 points) a. increased b. decreased c. stayed about the same d. Puberty is too unpredictable to tell 3. What is the immigrant paradox, and how does it affect first-, second-, and third- generation immigrants, and why? (10 points) The immigrant paradox is that first generation immigrants often outperform second and third generation immigrants. First generation immigrants typically outperform the later generations in mental health, physical health, educational, and crime related outcomes. So despite the challenges they have to overcome, the first generation immigrants usually do better overall than later generations. I believe it could be because first generation immigrants have more to lose if they mess up, so they place great importance on things such as taking care of their mental health, their education, and their physical health. 4. Sarah, a senior in high school, has decided to take an Advanced Writing class instead of Calculus because she thinks she will not do will in Calculus and she won’t need it in life. This is an example of ______________.(3 points) a. learned helplessness b. expectancy value theory c. gender preferences d. academic motivation

5. Explain at least three reasons why the transition to high school can be so difficult. (10 points) I think the transition from high school to college or even working is difficult because highschoolers are still treated like little kids, they haven’t experienced real responsibility or bills, and they usually haven’t had real independence. Highschoolers still have to ask to go to the restroom, are on a strict 8am-3pm routine, and can’t really make any of their own choices while in high school which can also translate to elementary school too. Also, highschoolers don’t usually have any bills or anything that is solely on them, such as a student loan. Highschoolers haven’t experienced the world without their parents, or siblings. They usually have always been at least an hour away from home or live at home. But college can take you hours away from home, and once you start working then usually you’ll want your own home and space. 6. List AND explain the four stages of Piaget’s Cognitive Developmental Theory. (10 points) The sensorimotor stage (birth to 2 years): babies use their actions and senses to learn and develop. The preoperational stage (2-7 years): children begin to use representations rather than actions to understand and learn. The concrete operational stage (7-11 years): Children develop the ability to reason about concrete objects. The formal operational stage (11+): Children begin to use abstract thinking and reasoning with more complex symbols. 7. The leading cause of accidental death in adolescents is ____________. (3 points) a. cancer b. homicide c. suicide d. unintentional injury 8. When making a risky decision, most teens tend to have ______________. (3 Points) a. a negative bias b. an optimistic bias c. peer influence d. trouble

9. Discuss at least three ways schools can help reduce the number of dropouts. (10 points) I think there are many ways schools could help the dropout rate, especially today. Schools could offer more routes to graduation such as online schooling. If high schools offered more groups like colleges do, such as groups of the same interests or tutoring groups then it would definitely help. I also think the high schools could pay better attention to students and offer more help or reach out to the parents. 10. An adolescent develops a sense of autonomy (3 points) a. through independence. b. by developing a more complex sense of self. c. by enhancing self-regulation and self-monitoring. d. All of these. 11. Explain why antisocial behavior increases during adolescence. (10 points) I believe antisocial behavior increases during adolescence because everything about them is changing. They usually begin to argue or not be on the same page with their parents anymore, they can be moodier, they are going through puberty, and all the social issues they have to deal with. Adolescence usually believe that no one understands them, or that they’re alone in their thoughts and puberty. 12. What technique has research shown to be effective in reducing the effects of stereotype threat? (3 points) a. self-affirmation b. self-esteem c. group counseling d. individual counseling 13. Who believed children learn cognitively through experiences with others and inner speech? (3 points) a. Piaget b. Vygotsky c. Erickson d. Kohlberg 14. Generally, adolescents experience more conflict with their (3 points) a. mother. b. father. c. siblings. d. peers.

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15. ____________undermines the development of the brain. (3 points) a. Chronic stress b. Lack of use c. Drugs and alcohol d. All of these 16. The biggest influence on a teen to help him/her to delay having sex is __________. (3 points) a. the sex education teacher b. the biology teacher c. other teens d. his/her parents 17. Discuss alcohol and drug prevention programs and indicate which are the most effective. (10 points) Alcohol and drug prevention programs try to help anyone that struggles with alcohol or drugs. This can be especially beneficial to teens where they can stop their habit early on. The best programs are smaller, interactive and family-focused. This allows the teen to apply the treatment to themselves and it feels more specific versus a more generalized treatment.

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