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1 Theory and Evidence-Based Interventions Wk8a 14 Student's Name: Institutional Affiliation: Course: Instructor: Date:

2 Theory and Evidence-Based Interventions wk8A 14 My job as a social worker allows me to interact with various people daily. In addition to providing me with personal fulfilment and the chance to lend a hand to others going through tough times, working with clients has helped me develop professionally, emotionally, and intellectually (Alston, 2020). This study aims to talk about how to apply and identify evidence-based social work theories and treatments using classroom role-playing and observations. Meetings with individuals, families, and clinical groups will focus on evidence- based therapies, relevant ideas, and the research and materials supporting these claims. Individual Meeting During our required individual session with Kali, we used the psychodynamic method and multicultural theory to frame our discussion. According to psychodynamic theory, a person's ideas and actions as an adult are shaped by their formative years (Carroll & Conboy, 2020). To provide just one example, it's not uncommon for us to carry over patterns of relationships that we developed as children., "If we want to help with the psychological, we must see how the social experiences and relationships explain and develop people's thinking" (Carroll and Conboy, 2020). Kali spoke up about the tensions she and her mom had been having recently, including her mom's alcoholism, her embarrassment about being homosexual, and her mom's anger at her for dropping out of school and smoking pot. On the subject of bullying, Kali said that she, too, has experienced it at school because of her identity. When understanding the current motivations behind an individual's actions, psychodynamic concepts suggest looking into their past relationships, experiences, and situations. Thus, to comprehend the factors that influence a person's current thoughts, patterns of relationships, and actions, it is beneficial to investigate their history, which encompasses every moment of their lives, beginning at birth (Ryan, 2019). The worker may better

3 understand Kali and be more helpful if they talk about Kali's childhood and the tragedy her mom went through. Individual sessions using a psychodynamic approach may benefit from free association, an evidence-based technique. It suggested that Kali keep a notebook in which she may record her thoughts and feelings, as well as any difficulties she may be experiencing at home, and then bring it up at her next appointment. If the links weren't obvious before, this method may assist. As people gain insight into their feelings, connections, and patterns, they may feel more empowered and be better able to "make sense" of their present challenges (Greenberg & Goldman, 2019). Family Session Bowen Family Systems theory served as a compass as we collaborated with each member of the Campbell family. This theory is fundamental when conceptualizing work with couples and families (Handley et al., 2018). The idea of self-differentiation is a part of it. A highly differentiated person may "respond" instead of "react" and have more control over their emotional reactions, unlike someone with poor differentiation of self, who is more prone to be emotionally reactive. A person's capacity to isolate oneself or get entangled in the lives of others is also affected by their degree of difference. According to Handley et al. (2018), a differentiated person can manage their emotions, see themselves as unique, and have agency over their own life. A lack of self-awareness of one's emotional processing is a common cause of boundary disputes in relationships and families. According to the notion, increasing distinction and fostering better relationships may achieved by raising awareness of these processes. This idea proved helpful in resolving the family dynamics and establishing more fruitful communication channels. Structural Family Therapy is one of the best interventions To help families. The dynamics inside a family may manifest in many different ways. According to Neukrug

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4 (2021), a healthy family isn't one that never has problems or disagreements but one that deals with them successfully. In contrast, a dysfunctional family continues to operate under an outdated relationship system; hence, families often need fresh methods for managing emotions, establishing limits, and collaborating harmoniously. Therapists often find that enactment methods work best with families (Handley et al., 2018). At this point, the therapist may recommend that the families change their routine. Joe, for instance, was overheard in the family session making passive-aggressive remarks about his drunk wife and his naughty, troublemaking children. Joe was encouraged by the therapist to do something new and arrange a day when they could all get together. They can share their weekly experiences or do something fun (Neukrug, 2021). They talked about how they used to love feeding the ducks at the neighboring pond, and they may do it again this weekend. Someone else in the family would divert and given another chance if they tried to interject or join in. As a result, the family may work on developing more effective communication skills during the session. The dynamics at home might shift as a result of this. For the family to function more, it is necessary to change patterns. Clinical Group While leading a group through the grieving process, We followed the Tuckman Model. Group projects have theoretical support under this concept. Jones (2019) states this process has five steps: forming, storming, norming, performance, and terminating, which shows that the "beginning" stage characterized by formation, the "middle" stage by storming, norming, and performance, and the "end" stage by termination (Neukrug, 2021). For simplicity's sake, I conceptualize the beginning as the phase during which the group formed. To start conducting real "work" as a group, the group forms and establishes rules, expectations, relationships, and limits. It is in the intermediate phases when the actual "work"

5 takes place. The group starts to gel, complete tasks, acquire new abilities, and function as a unit. As the name implies, endings occur when a group ends. Groups, according to Jones (2019), may provide clients with a "here and now" opportunity to fulfil many needs, such as a feeling of belonging, a voice, and solidarity and mutuality via collaboration, feedback, and connection development. Group dynamics may be better understood through the lens of developmental theories, as good interactions need the completion of developmental milestones such as self-discovery, social integration, boundary establishment, and trust. Group leaders often evaluate group dynamics and experiences to help members recover from missed or broken developmental milestones. Participants in the group session might get cognitive behavioral therapy. A kind of intrapersonal intervention, restructuring aims to influence a person's "thoughts, beliefs, values, feelings, sensations, and emotions" (Carroll & Conboy, 2020). To be more precise, it is a method for rectifying skewed thinking. While speaking, one participant said, "I can't survive without alcohol." A more emotionally severe state, like depression, may result from this exaggerated and erroneous idea. A person may discover new strategies to deal with these illogical notions by engaging in cognitive restructuring. In a group environment, people may lean on each other for support and learn from each other through this process (Alston, 2020). Group members have more insight into themselves and their thinking processes over time, allowing them to replace negative with more constructive and realistic perspectives. Participants may better grasp the effects or origins of their views by consciously working through certain essential beliefs throughout this process. conclusion The path through clinical groups, family sessions, and individual therapy uncovers the life-altering potential of social work ideas grounded in empirical research. A more complex knowledge of clients like Kali may achieved via the psychodynamic approach's ability to

6 provide an in-depth investigation of prior events. The Bowen Family Systems theory helps practitioners navigate complicated family dynamics, promote self-differentiation, and enhance communication. The Tuckman Model is useful for group dynamics because it provides a structured framework for forming, storming, norming, performing, and terminating. Applying these ideas in conjunction with therapies such as cognitive restructuring helps with immediate problems and fosters long-term improvements. As this research shows, social workers make a priceless difference in the lives of those who come to them for help and understanding, proving that social work is more than simply a job. The theories enable the social worker to collaborate with the client in comprehending the underlying reasons for their current state and the factors that have contributed to their development. Interventions refer to specific measures to assist individuals in overcoming their issues.

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7 References Alston, M. (2020). Research for social workers: An introduction to methods . Routledge. https://anzswjournal.nz/anzsw/article/download/549/606 Carroll, N., & Conboy, K. (2020). Normalizing the "new normal": Changing tech-driven work practices under pandemic time pressure. International Journal of Information Management , 55 , 102186. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0268401220310252 Greenberg, L. S., & Goldman, R. N. (2019). Theory of practice of emotion-focused therapy. In Clinical Handbook of emotion-focused therapy. (pp. 61–89). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000112-003 Handley, V. A., Bradshaw, S. D., Milstead, K. A., & Bean, R. A. (2018). Exploring Similarity and Stability of Differentiation in Relationships: A Dyadic Study of Bowen's Theory. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 45(4), 592–605. https://doi.org/10.1111/jmft.12370 Jones, D. A. (2019). The Tuckman's model implementation, effect, and analysis & the new development of Jones LSI Model on a small group. Journal of Management , 6 (4). http://www.iaeme.com/jom/issues.asp?JType=JOM&VType=6&IType=4 Neukrug, E. (2021). COUNSELING AND PSYCHOTHERAPY. http://cognella-titles- sneakpreviews.s3.amazonaws.com/82897-1A-URT/82897-1A_SP.pdf Ryan, J. (2019). Class in psychodynamic theory, research and practice. Psychodynamic Practice , 25 (1), 44-59. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Joanna-Ryan- 2/publication/329895887_Class_in_psychodynamic_theory_research_and_practice/lin ks/5f074246299bf188160e84fc/Class-in-psychodynamic-theory-research-and- practice.pdf

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