psy 10

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School

University of Ottawa *

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2505

Subject

Psychology

Date

Nov 24, 2024

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docx

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Uploaded by LieutenantTurtle741

Lecture 10: Understand how researchers use the scientifi c method to study child development. 1. What is the scientifi c method? 2. What two roles do theories play in the research process? 3. How do researchers ensure objectivity in their study of children? TYPES OF RESEARCH Research in psychology generally falls into one of three categories: descriptive, correlational, or experimental. Here we discuss each of these approaches as they apply to the study of children. Table 2.1 later in the chapter summarizes the various descriptive, correlational, and experimental methods used in the study of children. CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH Th e step beyond observing and describing behaviours involves identifying any systematic relations in the observations. Specifi cally, researchers attempt to identify correlations among variables. A variable is any factor that can take on diff erent values along some dimension. Common examples include human physical characteristics—height, weight, age, and so on—and aspects of the envi- ronment—temperature, room size, distance to the nearest library, and number of people in a family. Correlation The relation between two variables, described in terms of direction and strength. Positive correlation A correlation in which two variables change in the same direction. Negative correlation A correlation in which two variables change in opposite directions. Correlation coeffi cient (r) A number between +1.00 and –1.00 that indicates the direction and strength of a correlation between EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH A powerful type of research in developmental psychology is the experiment. A simple experiment oft en involves investigating the relation between just two variables; but, unlike correlational re-

search, experimentation permits us to draw cause-and-eff ect conclusions about the variables. Th e most important diff erence between a correlational study and an experimental study lies in how the information is gathered. Correlational research is based on measurement alone. Th e two variables of interest are observed and recorded without any intrusion or interference by the researcher. In an experiment, however, the researcher systematically manipulates—alters or changes—one variable and then looks for any eff ects (changes) in the second variable. Th e variable that is systematically manipulated is called the independent variable. Th e variable aff ected (at least potentially) by the manipulation is called the dependent variable. In psychological research, the dependent variable is typically some aspect of behaviour, whereas the independent variable is a factor the researcher suspects may infl uence that behaviour.

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