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1 Patient Education for Children and Adolescents Student’s Name Institutional Affiliation Course Number and Name Instructor’s Name Assignment Due Date

2 Patient Education for Children and Adolescents Pediatric patient education targeting adolescents and children can only be delivered with the engagement of an interdisciplinary team. The team must have specific skills and must create the perfect liaison with other people involved in the child’s life. Below is a patient education module that can be used to educate adolescents and children on Bipolar Disorder. Bipolar Disorder Bipolar disorder is a psychiatric condition dominated by rapid change of mood. These rapid change of moods then lead to mania. Manic behavior is defined as a state where the individual experiences heightened mood state that takes approximately thirty minutes to one hour. Apart from mania episode where the patient is extremely happy, they can also experience depressive episodes dominated by sadness and loneliness. Individuals with bipolar disorder have problems handling daily activities including concentrating at school work and sustaining long term social relationship. Below are some symptoms that can be used to make diagnosis of the disorder. Symptoms of Bipolar Disorder Bipolar disorder is dominated by three main symptoms that information diagnosis. The first symptom is the experience of high rate symptoms. For example, a child or an adolescent would get involved in extravagant shopping spree or engaging in a lot of unprotected sex. The second symptom is engaging in hypomania. Hypomania is non-contextualized elevation of mood. The final symptom is the presence of depressive disorder displayed through profound sadness, hopelessness, suicidal thoughts and energy depletion ( McIntyre et al., 2020). An expert making diagnosis will require to confirm the presence of two out of the three symptoms illustrated above. A confirmation of two symptoms makes it possible to diagnose

3 bipolar disorder. Part of making diagnosis is duration. The targeted patient must have shown these symptoms for more than one year with more than one experience of manic episodes. The depressive episodes must have persisted for at least two weeks. The diagnosis is challenging to make in children compared to adults. In the case that it is left untreated, bipolar disorder can only get worse. For children, and adolescents the mental healthcare provider can use a journal and a diary to trace the occurrence of manic episodes. Non Pharmacological and Pharmacological Treatment of Bipolar Disorder Bipolar disorder has no cure. However, there are treatments that are implemented to help address the various symptoms that the patient experience. With the extinction of these symptoms, there is accuracy in considering that the patient has achieved the desired healing. The pharmacological treatment for Bipolar disorder involves using stabilizers like Lithium, antipsychotic medications like Olanzapine, anti-depressants like fluoxetine, and benzodiazepines like Xanax ( Carvalho et al., 2020) . All these medication help control the psychotic symptoms and treat anxiety that can easily develop to depression. There are non-pharmacological intervention models that can be used to treat Bipolar Disorder. Psychotherapy is a treatment model that involved education. The second model is psycho-education dominated by counselling of the patient (Geller & Luby, 2019). The third model is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), which is relevant in restructuring the brain set-up of an individual so they can never experience psychosis. There are additional treatment possibilities that are used with the guide of a professional doctor. These may include, the use of supplements, acupuncture, and sedatives. Below are community resources that target to aid in the elimination and management of bipolar disorder (BD). Bipolar Disorder Community Resources

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4 The Depression and Bipolar Disorder Support Alliance is an organization dedicated in helping clients with bipolar disorder. The organization targets to eliminate the stigma targeted at people with Bipolar Disorder. The organization provides a support network to the various audiences (Miller & Black, 2020). The national Alliance on mental illness is another organization with various community resources that help eliminate mental disorder. The American Academy of Child Psychiatry offers help to children with various mental health including Bipolar Disorder. The presence of the community resources illustrated above are a perfect way to help children and adolescent deal with BD. In conclusion, the patient education model above expresses Bipolar Disorder (BD) as a mental health challenge that can affect both children and adolescents. For the future, there is value in engaging more adolescents and children in understanding mental health challenges as a way of treating their problems.

5 References Carvalho, A. F., Firth, J., & Vieta, E. (2020). Bipolar disorder. New England Journal of Medicine , 383 (1), 58-66. https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejmra1906193 . Geller, B., & Luby, J. (2019). Child and adolescent bipolar disorder: a review of the past 10 years. Bipolar Disorder , 120-126. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315054308-13/child- adolescent-bipolar-disorder-review-past-10-years-barbara-geller-joan-luby . McIntyre, R. S., Berk, M., Brietzke, E., Goldstein, B. I., López-Jaramillo, C., Kessing, L. V., ... & Mansur, R. B. (2020). Bipolar disorders. The Lancet , 396 (10265), 1841-1856. https://www.thelancet.com/article/S0140-6736(20)31544-0/fulltext . Miller, J. N., & Black, D. W. (2020). Bipolar disorder and suicide: a review. Current psychiatry reports , 22 , 1-10. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11920-020-1130-0 .

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