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Running Head: COU104A Assignment 02 1 COU104A Student Name: Student ID: Word Count: 1500

COU104A Assignment 02 2 It is necessary for a counselor to have micro skills in order to assist clients in getting in touch with their most private thoughts and defining their objectives for the future. The term "a set of verbal and behavioral responses that support the process of counseling and alliance formation independent of the professional counselors' theoretical viewpoint" is used to characterize the micro skills (Austin et al., 2005). These nifty skills are the essential building blocks for establishing successful collaborative efforts. In their most basic form, these are the fundamental resources that may determine the efficacy of client treatments (Newman & Fuqua, 1990). The microskills have been organized and classified into a hierarchical structure within the context of a systematic framework. Attending skills, which include things like eye contact, tone of voice, and body language, are at the absolute bottom of the hierarchy. Reflecting on one's emotions should be at the pinnacle of the hierarchy, above even asking, summarizing, and paraphrasing (Richter et al., 2021). Having good communication skills is essential for success as a counselor, according to a number of studies. Therefore, the client is provided with frameworks for alliance development, including empathic understanding, honesty, and acceptance, and the therapeutic environment is considerably aided by the use of these micro skills. This article, however, outlined the steps to take to facilitate successful counseling sessions, including demonstrating empathy, reviewing the content, analyzing feelings, clarifying, and asking open- ended questions (Ivey & Daniels, 2016; Richter et al., 2021). Demonstrating empathy Empathy is a habit that demands customer connection. The counselor's initial reply to a client sets the tone for the whole session and should show genuine interest in the client's problem and want to help. During the initial session, the counselor may make the client feel more

COU104A Assignment 02 3 comfortable talking about their issues. For instance, the counselor should keep eye contact with the client throughout the talk. Eye contact shows the counselor's interest in the client's tale (Gordon, 1934). The therapist may help the client relax by copying nonverbal signals. The counselor should sit at the client's chair to practice this skill. For instance, if a client initially extends their arms and rests them on the chair's thighs, the counselor may do the same. By leaning forward, the counselor may convey empathy. The counselor may change to a more comfortable sitting position, and if rapport has been built, the client will likely do the same, lowering their nervousness (Kelley & Kelley, 2013). Listening and talking are important elements of therapy, but silence may be therapeutic too. During a session, a counselor shouldn't fill pauses. Another sort of empathy that may effect the client is the capacity to stay quiet during treatment. Inexperienced counselors may feel uncomfortable and hunt for any reason to break the silence, prompting the client to think they should constantly be talking and listening. However, a seasoned counselor understands how to use silence to their clients' advantage. At this time, the counselor is comfortable simply "being" with the client (Weisz & Cikara, 2021). Reflecting on content Reflecting on life's deeper thoughts and concepts is meaningful. This is a little strategy therapists use to help clients to look deeper within themselves. Consider two persons who planned separate vacations on the same island. Every year, the same resort is reserved. The heat, humidity, and sunburns initially raised worries. The other loves sunsets, beach walks, and mellow living, so they're always positive. This example shows how two individuals might have

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COU104A Assignment 02 4 opposing views in the same scenario. Thus, the client's capacity to reflect on knowledge helps them understand their experience and life path (Linda S, 2015). Reflecting on feeling Introspection will assist the customer understand their feelings regarding the issue. Paraphrasing is comparable to this skill, except it focuses on the speaker's sentiments rather than words. The counselor's capacity to introspectively understand the client's feelings is crucial. This helps the counselor comprehend a client's feelings regarding a scenario (Hargreaves, 2004). While listening to a client, a counselor may say "that experience devastated me" to demonstrate empathy. Encouraging the client to reflect on their feelings promotes true empathy and a safe environment (Onisawa et al., 2000). Clarifying By offering explanation, the counselor aids the client in seeing the good aspects of the situation, which in turn encourages the client to see the situation more positively. The counselor does this by helping the client consider their situation from a variety of perspectives. For instance, if a client is relocated without prior notice, they may feel cheated, especially if the new location is inconveniently located (Highlen & Baccus, 1977). This is owing to the fact that they highlight the vanishing of well-known figures from the local community and social support system. To help these clients, counselors need to first acknowledge the client's experience before defining the transition so that the client may view it not just as an opportunity for growth but also as a chance to experience new things, people, and places (Ochsner et al., 2004). Asking open-ended questions

COU104A Assignment 02 5 In order for the counselor to have a deeper understanding of the client's concerns, they will ask the client open-ended questions (McKiLLip et al., 1992). That is to say, they are not queries to which a straightforward affirmative or negative response is appropriate. It is essential to make use of phrases such as "how," which invite the client to comment on their feelings, while asking an open-ended inquiry to a customer. In addition to "what," "when," "where," and "why," there are a few more words that may be used (Geer, 1991). The role of effective counseling skills on the counseling relationship The analysis revealed that a counselor's ability to establish rapport with their client was crucial to the success of their sessions and the development of their clients' growth as individuals, which benefited the counselor as well as the client (Singh et al., 2020). Competent counselors must be able to keep their clients engaged and cooperative throughout the whole therapy session. One of the most crucial roles of counseling abilities is establishing rapport and trust with the client. Trust between client and counselor increases the likelihood that the client will follow the counselor's recommendations (Cochran & Cochran, 2015). Effective counseling skills contribute significantly to creating a setting where needs, hopes, and perspectives may be comprehended by all parties involved. This allows the counselor to zero down on specific aspects of the patient and their family, improving the chances of a positive result (Lambert & Barley, 2001). Further investigation revealed that competent counselors are in a better position to adapt their method for explaining and conveying information to their clients. Since the success of therapy sessions depends on open communication between therapist and patient, this approach dispels any questions that may have developed regarding how therapy sessions really relate to

COU104A Assignment 02 6 the treatment strategy. The process of evaluating therapy tools and customizing them for particular patients is also guided by this model (Cochran & Cochran, 2015). It is crucial for counselors to zero in on the techniques that are most successful with particular clients, taking into consideration the conditions and needs of those clients, while having access to a wide range of tactics to utilize during counseling sessions. In conclusion, effective counselling skills are crucial for identifying problems and pursuing viable solutions. The obstacles may be defined by the needs of the consumer and the current state of affairs. However, because to their effective counseling skills, counselors have a better understanding of the challenges and the ability to find solutions to these challenges (Lambert & Barley, 2001). The risks and limitation The employment of counselling micro skills is not without its risks and disadvantages. Making sympathetic eye contact with a customer always carries the risk that they may misunderstand people intentions (Li et al., 2013). For example, it may be uncomfortable for a counselor to stare at a client for a lengthy amount of time, especially if the two parties are of different sexes. Making direct eye contact with a consumer might be awkward for them, which can have unintended consequences. Therefore, while dealing with clients who exhibit these characteristics, counselors must limit eye contact to avoid creating an uncomfortable scenario (Leibert & Archer Jr., 2005). There is a risk that the customer may miss the deeper meaning of the information if they spend time doing things like thinking about it, experiencing it, and clarifying it. A flawed study of the values and goals they want to attain may result if they fail to grasp the most fundamental parts of their experience (Leibert & Archer Jr., 2005). When there is a miscommunication, the

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COU104A Assignment 02 7 outcome of the treatment session might be negatively affected. The counselor may also fail to correctly interpret the client's feelings, resulting to an incomplete understanding of the significance of the issue or event. This means that the counselling portion's success relies on the therapist's ability to adequately explain, understand, and comprehend the client's feelings and ideas (Daly et al., 1999). Inadequate question framing and understanding is one area where employing open-ended inquiries might go wrong. This influences both the information gathered from the consumers and the decisions made about those customers. If the client does not understand why certain questions are being asked, the therapy session will not go as smoothly as planned (Adams & Riggs, 2008). Conclusion This text's most important material is how counselors manage good sessions. Empathy, mimicking nonverbal signals, thinking about content, being quiet during treatment, and feeling are these strategies. The counselor should care about the client's problem and want to help. Copying nonverbal signals calms clients, while contemplating about information helps them understand their circumstances. Customers understand difficulties by reflecting on feelings. Therapists must change their communication approach to succeed. They should evaluate clients' needs and use a range of counseling methods. Counseling skills are needed to solve issues. Counseling microtalents has downsides. Counselors must avoid eye contact with clients with certain qualities to avoid pain and miss the underlying meaning of the content.

COU104A Assignment 02 8 References Adams, S. A., & Riggs, S. A. (2008). An exploratory study of vicarious trauma among therapist trainees. Training and Education in Professional Psychology , 2 , 26–34. https://doi.org/10.1037/1931-3918.2.1.26 Austin, M. J., Coombs, M., & Barr, B. (2005). Community-Centered Clinical Practice. Journal of Community Practice , 13 (4), 9–30. https://doi.org/10.1300/J125v13n04_02 Cochran, J. L., & Cochran, N. H. (2015). The Heart of Counseling: Counseling Skills Through Therapeutic Relationships (2nd ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315884066 Daly, M., Farmer, J., Harrop-Stein, C., Montgomery, S., Itzen, M., Costalas, J. W., Rogatko, A., Miller, S., Balshem, A., & Gillespie, D. (1999). Exploring Family Relationships in Cancer Risk Counseling Using the Genogram1. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention , 8 (4), 393–398. GEER, J. G. (1991). DO OPEN-ENDED QUESTIONS MEASURE “SALIENT” ISSUES? Public Opinion Quarterly , 55 (3), 360–370. https://doi.org/10.1086/269268 Gordon, K. (1934). A device for demonstrating empathy. Journal of Experimental Psychology , 17 , 892–893. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0071475 Hargreaves, J. (2004). So how do you feel about that? Assessing reflective practice. Nurse Education Today , 24 (3), 196–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2003.11.008 Highlen, P. S., & Baccus, G. K. (1977). Effect of reflection of feeling and probe on client self- referenced affect. Journal of Counseling Psychology , 24 , 440–443. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.24.5.440 Ivey, A. E., & Daniels, T. (2016). Systematic Interviewing Microskills and Neuroscience: Developing Bridges between the Fields of Communication and Counseling Psychology.

COU104A Assignment 02 9 International Journal of Listening , 30 (3), 99–119. https://doi.org/10.1080/10904018.2016.1173815 Kelley, K. J., & Kelley, M. F. (2013). Teaching Empathy and Other Compassion-Based Communication Skills. Journal for Nurses in Professional Development , 29 (6), 321. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.NND.0000436794.24434.90 Lambert, M. J., & Barley, D. E. (2001). Research summary on the therapeutic relationship and psychotherapy outcome. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training , 38 , 357– 361. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-3204.38.4.357 Leibert, T., & Archer Jr., J. (2005). An Exploratory Study of Client Perceptions of Internet Counseling and the Therapeutic Alliance. Journal of Mental Health Counseling , 28 (1), 69–83. https://doi.org/10.17744/mehc.28.1.f0h37djrw89nv6vb Li, L., Poh, Jaladin, R. A. M., & Abdullah, H. S. (2013). Understanding the Two Sides of Online Counseling and their Ethical and Legal Ramifications. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences , 103 , 1243–1251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.10.453 Linda S, V. (2015). Demonstrating empathy: A phenomenological study of instructional designers making instructional strategy decisions for adult learners - ProQuest . https://www.proquest.com/openview/dff07ab3255911aa0ba619121ac1abd3/1?pq- origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750 McKiLLip, J., Moirs, K., & Cervenka, C. (1992). Asking open-ended consumer questions to aid program planning: Variations in question format and length. Evaluation and Program Planning , 15 (1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/0149-7189(92)90054-X

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COU104A Assignment 02 10 Newman, J. L., & Fuqua, D. R. (1990). Stability of Preferences for Microskills across Two Videotaped Clients. Psychological Reports , 67 (3_suppl), 1379–1388. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1990.67.3f.1379 Ochsner, K. N., Knierim, K., Ludlow, D. H., Hanelin, J., Ramachandran, T., Glover, G., & Mackey, S. C. (2004). Reflecting upon Feelings: An fMRI Study of Neural Systems Supporting the Attribution of Emotion to Self and Other. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience , 16 (10), 1746–1772. https://doi.org/10.1162/0898929042947829 Onisawa, T., Takizawa, W., & Unehara, M. (2000). Composition of melody reflecting user’s feeling. 2000 26th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. IECON 2000. 2000 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Electronics, Control and Instrumentation. 21st Century Technologies , 3 , 1620–1625 vol.3. https://doi.org/10.1109/IECON.2000.972517 Richter, S., van Zyl, L. E., Roll, L. C., & Stander, M. W. (2021). Positive Psychological Coaching Tools and Techniques: A Systematic Review and Classification. Frontiers in Psychiatry , 12 . https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.667200 Singh, A. A., Appling, B., & Trepal, H. (2020). Using the Multicultural and Social Justice Counseling Competencies to Decolonize Counseling Practice: The Important Roles of Theory, Power, and Action. Journal of Counseling & Development , 98 (3), 261–271. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcad.12321 Weisz, E., & Cikara, M. (2021). Strategic Regulation of Empathy. Trends in Cognitive Sciences , 25 (3), 213–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2020.12.002

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