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American Government
Exam III
Fall 2022
Richard A. Lehman, Esq.
Chapters 12-15
____________________________________________
Instructions:
Give me the BEST answer to each question below
Use your notes and/or your textbook
Answers from any other source, including the internet, will be marked wrong.
No sharing answers with classmates
Submit your exams via Canvas
1.
I am a politician who believes that you should trust me because you and I are both Scandinavian.
We both think the NFL revolves around the Green Bay Packers. We both grew up in a large city and we both attended Jesuit colleges. My representation philosophy is known as ____________ Representation.
Sociological
2.
The process that allocates congressional seats among the 50 states is known as ____________.
Apportionment
3.
The resources available to higher officials, usually opportunities to make partisan appointments to offices and to confer grants, licenses, or special favors to supporters, is known as ____________. Patronage
4.
The elected leader of whichever party holds a majority of the seats in the House of Representative, is known as the ____________.
Majority leader
5.
The majority senator who controls the senate voting calendar and the senate’s voting agenda is known as the ____________.
The Majority leader and Minority leader are elected by party conference.
6.
The President of the United States has signaled that, if Congress were to place a bill on his desk, restricting commercial flight for sick persons, he would likely sign it into law. The Senate passed a
bill which states that all who board commercial flights in the United States must have a body temperature that does not exceed 99.6 f. The House of Representatives passed a similar bill that
states that all who board commercial flights in the United States must have a body temperature that does not exceed 99.0 f. How would the House and the Senate go-about arriving to a compromise on an issue such as this?
They would have to have a Conference Committee that would reach a compromise.
7 and 8. Despite war never being declared by Congress, President Truman sent and oversaw our troops to Korea for more than three years. Despite war never being declared by Congress, Presidents Kennedy, Johnson, Nixon (and Ford) all oversaw American troops in South Vietnam over the course of about 11 years. If president Biden were so inclined to want to send troops to China but Congress opposed such an action, what limitations would Biden have on him, that presidents Truman, Kennedy, Johnson and Nixon did not have on them? Why would Biden have these limitations on him when his predecessors did not?
The War Powers Resolution mandates that the president tells Congress about military actions
overseas, and it prohibits the presence of armed forces in such locations for more than 60 days
without Congress approving the use of military force. This legislation was enacted by Congress in
response to over 100 instances where American forces were deployed for foreign wars without a
congressional declaration of war.
9 and 10. In 1989, George H.W. Bush appointed a man named John Tower to serve Bush as his Secretary of Defense. Despite President Bush’s wishes, the Senate felt that Tower’s extramarital experiments, his hobby of drinking himself into a public stupor and his eagerness to accept financial gifts
from donors would not play out well on the international stage. Therefore, John Tower would never serve as Bush’s Secretary of Defense. Shouldn’t Bush have been allowed to have an absolute say in who he wants to serve in his administration? Why does it matter what the Senate thinks of a president’s cabinet selections?
No. The president faces limitations in the appointment of various officers, including the secretary of
defense, as Senate approval is mandatory. This restriction is crucial in preventing a president from
favoring friends or close associates for positions based solely on personal relationships rather than
qualifications. The Senate's approval ensures that appointees are scrutinized for their suitability and
competence for the designated roles.
11.
During the Korean War, the U.S. found itself in the midst of a steel shortage. This was a problem as we needed steel for the war effort. Simple economic laws will tell us that when there is a shortage of a material that is in big demand, the price will go up. This is exactly what happened. One privately owned steel producer in particular, raised their prices high enough to catch the attention of President Truman. Angered that, as he saw it, the company was taking advantage of
our country, President Truman issued an Executive Order authorizing the U.S. to seize control of that company and to produce steel at a price that Truman felt was fair. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that Truman had overstepped his bounds. What restrictions are placed upon presidential Executive Orders? All executive orders must be supported by the constitution and must have legal acceptability
12.
and 13. How can “going public” add to a president’s power? What limitations do president’s have to face when “going public”? The candidate can directly engage with the public, seeking to persuade them to vote through genuine
connections. They do however encounter restrictions such as negative media coverage. Exposing one's
personal life to the public, particularly on social media, may lead to increased scrutiny. The rise of
scandals contributes to a decline in public support, ultimately damaging the influence of the
presidential candidate.
14 and 15. Define and explain “devolution”. The definition of devolution is a policy to remove a program from one level of government by
delegating it or passing it down to a lower level of government. An example of devolution is seen in
how each state independently manages public education while remaining under a unified national
government.
16-19. Discuss pros and cons of privatization of governmental programs. Use example and feel free to give your opinions. Pros: Lowers government expenses, taxpayers retain more money when private companies offer more
efficient and cost-effective services. Cons: Government oversight can restrict flexibility in decision-
making. An instance of this occurred when Bush contracted a private company to manufacture
weapons for the government. This arrangement enabled the government to reduce costs while
maintaining oversight of the production process.
20.
Americans are often saddled with the critique that we are too litigious (meaning we sue each other at the drop of a hat). Why is it good to be litigious? Why is it bad?
Being litigious can be a good thing because sometimes people deserve to be sued, if they
really did something wrong to you that deserves justice. It could also be a bad mindset by making
people think they have to take such drastic measures to get things taken care of. Could also boost your
ego too much if you win the case.
21-22. What is the difference between federal statutes and court precedent?
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Federal statutes are laws crafted by Congress and endorsed by the president, while court precedents
serve as guiding references for future decisions by the courts.
23 We currently have 9 U.S. Supreme Court Justices. President Trump has argued that eight supreme court justices may suffice. President Biden has argued that perhaps we need more than 9 Justices. Why is the president’s opinion on the number of Justices that the U.S. has on the Bench irrelevant? The Constitution instituted the Supreme Court but delegated to Congress the authority to determine
the number of justices constituting the court, so the president has no input on the matter.
24.
In your own words, define Judicial Review.
Judicial Review is the authority of the courts to assess the constitutionality of governmental actions.
25.
Where does the power of Judicial review come from?
It comes from the supreme court.