Rough Draft Brief GVPT 444 7380 APT 2238 Ayo Rodney Gomez
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Should the U.S. increase legal immigration and provide a pathway to citizenship for unauthorized immigrants? 1
Should the U.S. increase legal immigration and provide a pathway to citizenship for
unauthorized immigrants?
Ayo Rodney Gomez
University of Maryland Global Campus
GVPT 444 7380 American Political Theory (2238)
Final Paper Professor Marie Hallion
December 12, 2023
Should the U.S. increase legal immigration and provide a pathway to citizenship for unauthorized immigrants? 2
I.
Introduction Background
A.
Context of the Immigration Debate B.
Relevance and Timeliness of the Topic
C.
Overview of Ethical, Economic, and Political Considerations
II.
Thesis Statement
A.
Dilemma Faced by the U.S.
B.
Pros and Cons of Legal Immigration and Pathways to Citizenship C.
Role of Political Theorists (Jefferson and Franklin)
III.
Historical Perspectives on Immigration A.
Thomas Jefferson's Support for Immigration 1.
Founding Father's Influence 2.
Advocacy for Naturalization Based on American Values 3.
Relevance to Contemporary Immigration Debate B.
Benjamin Franklin's Restrictionism Views 1.
Founding Father's Influence 2.
Concerns About Dilution of Language and Culture
Should the U.S. increase legal immigration and provide a pathway to citizenship for unauthorized immigrants? 3
3.
Historical Context and Application to Modern Debate
IV.
Economic Perspectives on Immigration A.
Proponents' Views
1.
Increased Labor Force Size and Diversity 2.
Boost to Productivity, Innovation, and Economic Growth
3.
Contribution to Tax Revenues and Job Creation
4.
Cultural Enrichment and Traditions
B.
Opponents' Views
1.
Unemployment, Lower Wages, and Displacement 2.
Pressure on Public Services (Health, Education, Housing) 3.
Threats to National Identity, Culture, and Security
4.
Risks of Social Conflict, Crime, and Terrorism
V.
Empirical Research on Immigration A.
George J. Borjas' Wage Impact Study
1.
Economic Consequences of the Marielito
2.
Contribution to the Wage Effect Debate
B.
Alessandra M. Mayda's Cross-Country Investigation 1.
Factors Influencing Individual Attitudes
2.
Insights into Socio-Political Dynamics
VI.
Policy Considerations and Implications A.
Migration Policy Institute's Data on Immigrant Workers
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1.
Contributions to the Labor Force and Economy 2.
Economic Focus without Advocacy Stance B.
Samuel P. Huntington's Cultural Challenges
1.
Impact of Immigration on National Identity 2.
Alignment with Views on Identity Threats
VII.
Conclusion A.
Synthesis of Historical, Economic, and Cultural Perspectives B.
Proposal for a Balanced and Pragmatic Solution Abstract
This brief delves into the contemporary immigration debate in the United States, scrutinizing the
ethical, economic, and political considerations surrounding the question of increasing legal
immigration and providing a pathway to citizenship for unauthorized immigrants. With a
historical lens, the perspectives of political theorists Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Franklin
are juxtaposed, revealing fundamental disagreements that continue to shape the discourse.
Jefferson, an advocate for growth and diversity, supports liberal naturalization policies, while
Franklin expresses skepticism about mass immigration and emphasizes the need for restrictions
to protect identity and culture.
The document presents a comprehensive analysis of the pros and
cons associated with the proposed policy, highlighting proponents' arguments for increased
diversity, economic growth, and cultural enrichment. Conversely, opponents raise concerns about
potential unemployment, lower wages, and threats to national identity. In conclusion, the brief
underscores the complexity and controversy inherent in the immigration issue, emphasizing the
need for a balanced and pragmatic solution. The U.S. is confronted with a multifaceted dilemma,
and this document aims to provide insights that inform decision-makers about the nuances
Should the U.S. increase legal immigration and provide a pathway to citizenship for unauthorized immigrants? 5
involved. By respecting human rights and U.S. interests, a proposed solution seeks to navigate
the intricate terrain of immigration policy, recognizing its real-world implications.
Keywords: contemporary immigration, ethical, economic, political, Should the U.S. Increase Legal Immigration and Provide a Pathway to Citizenship for
Unauthorized Immigrants?
I. Introduction
Background
A.
Context of the Immigration Debate
The context of the immigration debate encompasses the historical, social, and political backdrop against which the discussion on immigration policies unfolds. This section provides an overview of the longstanding debate in the United States regarding immigration, highlighting key historical events, policies, and shifts in public opinion. It delves into the multifaceted nature of immigration, acknowledging the complexity of the issue and the diverse perspectives that have shaped the discourse. The ongoing immigration debate between the Biden administration and the
Republican Party has stirred significant national interest, underscoring the importance of the topic involving ethical, economic, and political considerations (Britannia ProCon.org, n.d.). The multifaceted nature of the issue requires a nuanced examination, considering historical perspectives and the views of political theorists.
Should the U.S. increase legal immigration and provide a pathway to citizenship for unauthorized immigrants? 6
B.
Relevance and Timeliness of the Topic
Emphasizing the relevance and timeliness of the topic establishes why the issue of increasing legal immigration and providing a pathway to citizenship for unauthorized immigrants is of immediate importance. It may touch upon contemporary events, policy discussions, or demographic changes that underscore the urgency of addressing the immigration question. By highlighting the timeliness, the Introduction aims to demonstrate that the debate is not merely theoretical but has real-world implications for the nation.
C.
Overview of Ethical, Economic, and Political Considerations
This part of the Introduction provides a broad framework for understanding the various dimensions through which the immigration debate can be analyzed. It acknowledges that immigration is not only an economic or political issue but also ethical considerations. Ethical considerations may include questions of human rights, justice, and the moral responsibility of a nation. Economic aspects encompass the impact of immigration on the labor market, economic growth, and public finances. Political considerations involve questions of national identity, security, and the role of immigrants in shaping the political landscape. This overview sets the stage for a comprehensive exploration of the topic, ensuring that the reader is aware of the diverse factors that contribute to the complexity of the immigration debate.
II. Thesis Statement
A.
Dilemma Faced by the U.S. The United States grapples with a complex and multifaceted dilemma concerning its immigration
policies. This dilemma is characterized by the need to strike a balance between fostering
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inclusivity and growth on one hand and safeguarding national identity, culture, and security on the other. The conflicting objectives inherent in this dilemma require a nuanced examination of the pros and cons associated with increasing legal immigration and providing a pathway to citizenship for unauthorized immigrants.
B.
Pros and Cons of Legal Immigration and Pathways to Citizenship The heart of the dilemma lies in evaluating the merits and drawbacks of adopting a policy that facilitates legal immigration and offers a pathway to citizenship for those who entered the country without proper authorization. Proponents argue for the benefits of increased diversity, productivity, and economic growth. Skilled immigrant workers can fill labor shortages, boost tax revenues, and enrich culture and society with new perspectives (MPI, 2021; Britannia ProCon.org, n.d.). On the opposing side, concerns are raised about potential unemployment, lower wages, and threats to national identity. Critics argue that immigration places pressure on public services, leading to reduced quality and availability, and poses risks to national security (Borjas, 2017; Britannia ProCon.org, n.d.) Navigating these competing viewpoints is essential for devising a policy that aligns with the nation's interests while respecting human rights.
C.
Role of Political Theorists (Jefferson and Franklin)
Understanding the historical context of immigration debates requires a close examination of the perspectives of influential political theorists, notably Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Franklin. Jefferson's advocacy for immigration stems from his belief in its role in the growth and diversity of the U.S. He argued that naturalization is a right extended to those who adopt American values
Should the U.S. increase legal immigration and provide a pathway to citizenship for unauthorized immigrants? 8
and laws. On the contrary, Franklin's reservations about immigration, grounded in concerns about diluting language and culture, have implications for the restrictionism views in the contemporary debate. (Thomas Jefferson, 1785; Benjamin Franklin, 1755) These historical stances contribute valuable insights into the ethical considerations of the current immigration dilemma, shaping the discourse around national values, identity, and cultural cohesion. Immigration is a complex and controversial issue that has many economic, social, and political implications. Proponents of immigration for legal pathway argue that; Immigration increases the size and diversity of the labor force, which can boost productivity, innovation, and economic growth. It can provide a source of skilled and entrepreneurial workers who can fill labor shortages and contribute to higher tax revenues. Increase the demand for goods and services, which can stimulate the economy and create more jobs. Additionally, it can enrich the culture and society of the host country by bringing new perspectives, languages, and traditions. Opponents of immigration legal pathway reiterate that Immigration can cause unemployment, lower wages, and displacement of native workers, especially in low-skilled sectors. It puts pressure on public services such as health, education, and housing, which can reduce the quality and availability of these services for the native population. Additionally, Immigration can pose a threat to the national identity, culture, and security of the host country by introducing different values, beliefs, and practices. Most importantly, it can increase the risk of social conflict, crime, and terrorism by creating ethnic, religious, and linguistic divisions and resentment. This policy brief will examine both sides of the debate and propose a balanced and pragmatic solution that respects the human rights of immigrants while preserving the interests of the U.S.
Should the U.S. increase legal immigration and provide a pathway to citizenship for unauthorized immigrants? 9
III. Historical Perspectives on Immigration
A.
Thomas Jefferson's Support for Immigration 1.
Founding Father's Influence Thomas Jefferson, a key Founding Father, and author of the Declaration of Independence, played
a pivotal role in shaping early American political philosophy. His influence extends to the formation of the nation, contributing to foundational ideas about liberty, democracy, and natural rights. 2.
Advocacy for Naturalization Based on American Values
In his seminal work, "Notes on the State of Virginia" (1785), Jefferson expressed support for immigration to enhance the growth and diversity of the United States. Jefferson advocated for a liberal naturalization policy, emphasizing the assimilation of newcomers into American values and laws. (Thomas Jefferson, 1785).
3.
Relevance to Contemporary Immigration Debate Jefferson's perspective holds relevance in the modern immigration debate, as his advocacy for naturalization aligns with arguments supporting a pathway to citizenship for unauthorized immigrants. The emphasis on adopting American values as a basis for naturalization provides a historical foundation for discussions on the integration of immigrants into the cultural and political fabric of the nation. B.
Benjamin Franklin's Restrictionism Views 1.
Founding Father's Influence
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Benjamin Franklin, another Founding Father, and polymath, significantly contributed to the intellectual foundations of the United States. His influence spans various fields, including science, writing, and politics, making his views on immigration noteworthy in the context of national identity. On the contrary, Benjamin Franklin, as expressed in "Observations Concerning the Increase of Mankind, Peopling of Countries" (1755), holds a skeptical view of mass immigration, especially from Germany. He voices concerns about the potential dilution of language, culture, and identity, advocating for restrictions on naturalization (Benjamin Franklin, 1755).
2.
Concerns About Dilution of Language and Culture Franklin expressed skepticism about mass immigration, particularly from Germany, fearing that it would dilute the English language, culture, and identity of the American colonies. His views highlight concerns about the potential impact of immigration on the cultural and linguistic fabric of the nation.
3.
Historical Context and Application to Modern Debate Franklin's restrictionism stance, rooted in the historical context of the 18th century, provides a lens through which to understand contemporary debates on immigration. The emphasis on restricting naturalization to those who share the same ancestry and language resonates with discussions about preserving national identity and cultural cohesion in the face of diverse immigration trends. This historical perspective on immigration, as shaped by the views of Jefferson and Franklin, offers valuable insights into the early debates and considerations that
Should the U.S. increase legal immigration and provide a pathway to citizenship for unauthorized immigrants? 1
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continue to influence contemporary discussions on legal immigration and pathways to citizenship. Understanding the nuanced positions of these Founding Fathers contributes to a comprehensive evaluation of the ethical and political dimensions of the current immigration dilemma in the United States. IV. Economic Perspectives on Immigration A.
Proponents' Views 1.
Increased Labor Force Size and Diversity Explanation: Proponents argue that immigration contributes to the expansion and diversification of the labor force, addressing labor shortages in various sectors and enhancing the overall economic productivity. Supporting Detail: Studies have shown that an influx of immigrants helps fill gaps in the labor market, particularly in industries facing skill shortages, thereby contributing to a more dynamic and adaptable workforce. 2.
Boost to Productivity, Innovation, and Economic Growth Explanation: Advocates contend that immigrants bring diverse skills, perspectives, and innovative ideas that stimulate productivity and foster economic growth. Supporting Detail: Research, such as that conducted by Borjas (2017), indicates that immigrants can have a positive impact on innovation and technological advancement, driving economic progress.
Should the U.S. increase legal immigration and provide a pathway to citizenship for unauthorized immigrants? 1
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3.
Contribution to Tax Revenues and Job Creation Explanation: Proponents assert that immigrants contribute to the economy by paying taxes and creating job opportunities, thereby bolstering government revenue, and fostering economic development. Supporting Detail: Studies from the Migration Policy Institute (MPI, 2021) provide insights into the economic contributions of immigrant workers, highlighting their role in generating tax revenue and supporting job growth. 4.
Cultural Enrichment Through New Perspectives and Traditions Explanation: Supporters argue that immigration enriches the cultural fabric of the host country by introducing new perspectives, languages, and traditions. Supporting Detail: Thomas Jefferson's historical perspective, as outlined in "Notes on the State of Virginia" (1785), emphasizes the positive role of immigrants in contributing to the flourishing of American society through diverse cultural influences. B.
Opponents' Views 1.
Unemployment, Lower Wages, and Displacement Explanation: Opponents contend that immigration can lead to unemployment, lower wages, and displacement of native workers, particularly in low-skilled sectors. Supporting Detail: Economic studies, such as Borjas's research on the Marielito (2017), suggest that immigration can have varying effects on the labor market, potentially impacting job availability and wage levels.
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2.
Pressure on Public Services (Health, Education, Housing) Explanation: Critics argue that immigration places strain on public services, including healthcare,
education, and housing, potentially reducing the quality and availability of these services for the native population. Supporting Detail: Studies and reports, such as those by the Migration Policy Institute (MPI, 2021), offer insights into the challenges posed by immigration to public services. 3.
Threats to National Identity, Culture, and Security Explanation: Opponents express concerns that immigration poses a threat to the national identity,
culture, and security of the host country by introducing different values, beliefs, and practices. Supporting Detail: Benjamin Franklin's historical perspective in "Observations Concerning the Increase of Mankind, Peopling of Countries" (1755) reflects restrictionism views, emphasizing the potential dilution of language and culture due to mass immigration. 4.
Risks of Social Conflict, Crime, and Terrorism Explanation: Critics argue that immigration may increase the risk of social conflict, crime, and terrorism by creating ethnic, religious, and linguistic divisions and resentment. Supporting Detail: Discussions on potential risks are often informed by broader societal and security concerns, necessitating a careful examination of the implications of immigration policies. This comprehensive exploration of economic perspectives on immigration provides a nuanced understanding of both proponents' and opponents' viewpoints, offering a foundation for informed policy discussions.
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V. Empirical Research on Immigration
A. George J. Borjas' Wage Impact Study
1. Economic Consequences of the Marielito
Investigation into the Mariel Boatlift's Impact - George J. Borjas conducted a seminal study examining the wage impact of the Marielito, a group of Cuban immigrants who arrived in Miami during the Mariel Boatlift. The research evaluates the economic consequences of this immigration episode on the local labor market, providing specific insights into how the sudden influx of migrants affected wages and employment opportunities for both immigrants and native workers.
Reappraisal of Marielito' Economic Effects - Borjas' study offers a critical reappraisal of the initial understanding of Marielito' impact on wages. By revisiting and reassessing the data, Borjas contributes nuanced perspectives to the ongoing debate on the economic implications of immigration. This section will delve into the specifics of Borjas' findings, exploring the complexities and nuances of Marielito's' economic consequences. 2. Contribution to the Wage Effect Debate
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Role in Shaping the Immigration Policy Discourse - Borjas' research has played a significant role in shaping discussions around the wage effects of immigration. The study's findings have been influential in policy debates, contributing to the formulation of
immigration policies and regulations. This section will explore how Borjas' work has influenced public discourse and policymaking, providing a comprehensive understanding of its broader impact beyond academic circles.
Influence on Economic Perspectives - Borjas' contributions to the wage effect debate extend beyond the specific case of the Marielito, influencing broader economic perspectives on immigration. By examining the ways in which Borjas' research has shaped economic theories and discussions related to the impact of immigration on wages,
this section aims to elucidate the lasting influence of his work. B
. Alessandra M. Mayda's Cross-Country Investigation
1
. Factors Influencing Individual Attitudes
Exploration of Cross-Country Attitudes Toward Immigrants - Alessandra M. Mayda's research focuses on investigating the factors that influence individual attitudes toward immigrants across different countries. This section will delve into the specific factors Mayda examines, providing an in-depth analysis of the variables and considerations that shape public opinions on immigration.
Insights into Attitudinal Variability - Mayda's work goes beyond a single-country perspective, offering insights into the variability of attitudes toward immigrants. By examining how factors such as economic conditions, cultural dynamics, and political
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landscapes influence public opinions, this section aims to provide a nuanced understanding of the complexities surrounding individual attitudes toward immigration. 2. Insights into Socio-Political Dynamics
Cross-Country Examination of Socio-Political Factors - Mayda's research goes beyond individual attitudes, exploring the broader socio-political dynamics that shape and are shaped by immigration. This section will delve into the socio-political factors Mayda investigates, providing a comprehensive overview of how immigration intersects with political ideologies, national policies, and social structures across different countries.
Relevance to Policy Formulation - Mayda's insights have implications for the formulation
of immigration policies. By understanding the socio-political dynamics uncovered in her research, policymakers can gain valuable perspectives on how immigration policies may align or conflict with prevailing attitudes and political climates. This section aims to elucidate the practical applications of Mayda's work in the realm of policy formulation. VI. Policy Considerations and Implications A.
Migration Policy Institute's Data on Immigrant Workers 1.
Contributions to the Labor Force and Economy Explore comprehensive data on the positive contributions of immigrant workers to the U.S. labor force and economy. Analyze specific ways in which immigrants enhance productivity, fill labor gaps, and contribute to economic growth. Examine the role of immigrant workers in generating higher tax revenues and stimulating demand for goods and services. Consider how the MPI data can inform the economic perspective in the immigration debate, providing empirical evidence of benefits.
Should the U.S. increase legal immigration and provide a pathway to citizenship for unauthorized immigrants? 1
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2.
Economic Focus without Advocacy Stance Highlight that the MPI report maintains an objective and non-partisan stance, focusing on presenting economic data without taking a
clear advocacy position. Emphasize the importance of relying on data-driven insights to inform policy discussions rather than being influenced by subjective advocacy. Acknowledge that the MPI report serves as a valuable resource for policymakers by presenting a factual basis for understanding the economic dimensions of immigration. Discuss how this unbiased economic focus contributes to a well-rounded understanding of immigration-related policy considerations. B.
Samuel P. Huntington's Cultural Challenges 1.
Impact of Immigration on National Identity Examine Huntington's work in detailing the challenges posed by immigration to America's national identity. Investigate how the influx of diverse cultures may impact the cohesive identity of the United States. Discuss specific examples or arguments from Huntington's work that highlight the cultural implications of immigration. Evaluate how these cultural challenges align with concerns raised by political theorists like Benjamin Franklin regarding threats to national identity. 2.
Alignment with Views on Identity Threats Explore how Huntington's perspectives align with Franklin's views on identity threats posed by immigration. Discuss whether Huntington's work provides historical context or reinforcement for concerns expressed by
Franklin in the 18th century. Assess the implications of cultural challenges on the overall security and cohesion of the nation. Reflect on how Huntington's cultural analysis contributes to the broader debate on immigration policies, particularly with respect to the preservation of national identity. This section aims to delve into the nuanced aspects of policy considerations by examining both economic contributions, as presented by the
Should the U.S. increase legal immigration and provide a pathway to citizenship for unauthorized immigrants? 1
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Migration Policy Institute, and cultural challenges, as articulated by Samuel P. Huntington. The goal is to provide a comprehensive understanding of how these factors play into the immigration debate and influence policy decisions.
VI. Policy Considerations and Implications A.
Migration Policy Institute's Data on Immigrant Workers 1.
Contributions to the Labor Force and Economy Explore comprehensive data on the positive contributions of immigrant workers to the U.S. labor force and economy. Analyze specific ways in which immigrants enhance productivity, fill labor gaps, and contribute to economic growth. Examine the role of immigrant workers in generating higher tax revenues and stimulating demand for goods and services. Consider how the MPI data can inform the economic perspective in the immigration debate, providing empirical evidence of benefits. 2.
Economic Focus without Advocacy Stance Highlight that the MPI report maintains an objective and non-partisan stance, focusing on presenting economic data without taking a
clear advocacy position. Emphasize the importance of relying on data-driven insights to inform policy discussions rather than being influenced by subjective advocacy. Acknowledge that the MPI report serves as a valuable resource for policymakers by presenting a factual basis for understanding the economic dimensions of immigration. Discuss how this unbiased economic focus contributes to a well-rounded understanding of immigration-related policy considerations. B.
Samuel P. Huntington's Cultural Challenges
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1.
Impact of Immigration on National Identity Examine Huntington's work in detailing the challenges posed by immigration to America's national identity. Investigate how the influx of diverse cultures may impact the cohesive identity of the United States. Discuss specific examples or arguments from Huntington's work that highlight the cultural implications of immigration. Evaluate how these cultural challenges align with concerns raised by political theorists like Benjamin Franklin regarding threats to national identity. 2.
Alignment with Views on Identity Threats Explore how Huntington's perspectives align with Franklin's views on identity threats posed by immigration. Discuss whether Huntington's work provides historical context or reinforcement for concerns expressed by
Franklin in the 18th century. Assess the implications of cultural challenges on the overall security and cohesion of the nation. Reflect on how Huntington's cultural analysis contributes to the broader debate on immigration policies, particularly with respect to the preservation of national identity. This section aims to delve into the nuanced aspects of policy considerations by examining both economic contributions, as presented by the Migration Policy Institute, and cultural challenges, as articulated by Samuel P. Huntington. The goal is to provide a comprehensive understanding of how these factors play into the immigration debate and influence policy decisions. VII. Conclusion A.
Synthesis of Historical, Economic, and Cultural Perspectives The U.S. is confronted with a complex and controversial issue regarding legal immigration and pathways to citizenship. The historical perspectives of Jefferson and Franklin, along with
contemporary viewpoints, contribute to the nuanced nature of the debate. A balanced and
Should the U.S. increase legal immigration and provide a pathway to citizenship for unauthorized immigrants? 2
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pragmatic solution, respecting human rights and U.S. interests, is proposed to navigate this intricate terrain (MPI, 2021; Huntington, 2004). In concluding this exploration of the complex and multifaceted issue of whether the U.S. should increase legal immigration and provide a pathway to citizenship for unauthorized immigrants, it is essential to synthesize the
historical, economic, and cultural perspectives. Examining the historical viewpoints of influential figures like Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Franklin provides a foundation for understanding the roots of the debate. Jefferson's advocacy for immigration as a means of growth and diversity contrasts with Franklin's concerns about threats to national identity. This historical context shapes the lens through which contemporary discussions unfold. Integrating economic perspectives reveals a dichotomy of potential benefits and drawbacks. Proponents argue for the positive impact on the labor force, economic growth, and cultural richness, while opponents highlight risks such as unemployment and strain on public services. The empirical research, particularly Borjas' wage impact study and Mayda's cross-
country investigation, contributes nuanced insights, grounding the debate in real-world consequences and individual attitudes. Cultural considerations, as elucidated by Samuel P. Huntington, add a layer of complexity. The potential challenges to America's national identity
underscore the need for a balanced approach that acknowledges the importance of cultural preservation while embracing diversity. B.
Proposal for a Balanced and Pragmatic Solution Considering the diverse perspectives presented, a proposal for a balanced and pragmatic solution emerges. Recognizing the value of immigration for growth, innovation, and cultural enrichment, it is crucial to establish policies that mitigate potential negative consequences. A
Should the U.S. increase legal immigration and provide a pathway to citizenship for unauthorized immigrants? 2
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balanced solution involves implementing comprehensive immigration reforms that address economic concerns while respecting cultural and historical identity. Firstly, the U.S. should invest in effective border control measures and streamlined immigration processes to ensure that legal pathways are accessible and manageable. This addresses concerns about national security and the potential strain on public services. Simultaneously, efforts should be made to enhance economic integration, providing opportunities for immigrants to contribute positively to the labor force and economy. Secondly, a pathway to citizenship should be designed with clear criteria that go beyond mere residency. Emphasizing language proficiency, civic education, and an understanding of American
values can bridge the gap between historical ideals and modern realities. This approach respects the legacy of figures like Jefferson and Franklin, acknowledging the importance of shared values in the naturalization process. Thirdly, public discourse and education play a vital role in fostering a more informed and inclusive society. Initiatives that promote dialogue, understanding, and empathy can help bridge cultural divides and mitigate the risks of social conflict and division. The proposal for a balanced
and pragmatic solution emphasizes the need for comprehensive immigration policies that navigate the complexities of history, economics, and culture. By addressing concerns from all angles, the U.S. can forge a path forward that respects the rights of immigrants while preserving the interests and identity of the nation.
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VI. References
Britannia ProCon.org. (n.d.). Top 10 Pro & Con Arguments. Should the US Federal Government Provide a Path to Citizenship for Undocumented Immigrants? Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/story/pro-and-con-path-to-citizenship-for-undocumented-
immigrants Doe, J. (2009). Applications of realist political theory. Journal of Political Theory, 99(12), 304-
310. Jefferson, T. & Joseph Meredith Toner Collection. (1832) Notes on the state of Virginia. Boston: Lilly and wait. [Pdf] Retrieved from the Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/item/03004902/.
“Observations Concerning the Increase of Mankind, 1751,” Founders Online, National Archives,
https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Franklin/01-04-02-0080
. [Original source: The Papers of Benjamin Franklin, vol. 4, July 1, 1750, through June 30, 1753, ed. Leonard W.
Labaree. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1961, pp. 225–234.]
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George J. Borjas, 2017. "The Wage Impact of the Marielitos: A Reappraisal," ILR Review, Cornell University, ILR School, vol. 70(5), pages 1077-1110, October. https://ideas.repec.org/a/sae/ilrrev/v70y2017i5p1077-1110.html
Mayda, A. M. (2006). "Who Is Against Immigration? A Cross-Country Investigation of Individual Attitudes toward Immigrants."... Migration Policy Institute (MPI). (2021). "Immigrant Workers in the United States." Huntington, Samuel P. 2004. Who Are We? The Challenges to America's National Identity. Simon & Schuster, Inc. Copy at http://www.tinyurl.com/yybelggq
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