Phil 1101 Reading Quiz 3
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Jan 9, 2024
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Reading Quiz 3
Name: Nemitt Sopraseuth
Date:10-26-2023
Directions
: In your own words, answer the following questions in one to three sentences. If you
think some answer could be longer, either summarize your answer more concisely or cover what
you can in three sentences, focusing on quality over quantity. Avoid grammatical and spelling
errors.
Grading
: No mark will be made for a correct or mostly correct answer (meaning you
’
ve earned
full credit); a
“
W
”
will be given for a wrong or mostly wrong answer, no answer, or when the
grammar is very poor (meaning you
’
ve earned no credit); and an
“
H
”
will be given for a partly
wrong answer, an incomplete answer, or some grammatical errors (meaning you
’
ve earned half
credit). Each question is worth 1.5 points, for a total of six points.
1.
What is a fine-tuned parameter of physics? Give one example.
The fine-tuned parameter of physics is a set of fundamental numbers created and
discussed since the 1970s by various philosophers, theologians, and scientists meant to be
applied to the laws of physics to understand the phenomena within the universe’s basic structure.
It also was used as persuasive argument toward the existence of God within the universe versus
atheism arguments on the lack of God’s existence, this is due to the overwhelming factors that
shape the universe in acknowledgement that if the laws of nature were much more or too little of
what is currently is, life may have not been possible. An example of these fine-tuned parameters
can be seen with Newton's law of gravity, F = GM1M2/r2. G representing one of the forces of
nature within the universe, Gravity, and is used to calculate the phenomena of how particles
attract to another proportionate to their mass.
2.
Summarize Collins
’
formulation of the teleological argument.
Much of Collin’s analysis of the fine-tuning of physic formulates and coincide with the
argument for theism and the existence of faith and God, this is due the atheistic hypothesis of
only a single universe existing used as their way to explain the fine-tuned phenomena of the
universe. Collin’s formation of the prime principle of confirmation (PPC, or the likelihood
principle) is the main reasoning he uses to argue for theism’s existence as well as address further
objections made against the fine-tuning of physics made by atheists. Within the paradigm of the
PPC, if two competing hypotheses exist, observations can count as evidence in favor of a
hypothesis it supports with the highest probability, if a hypothesis is made to understand a
universe’s phenomenon, the core of the PPC and the existence of fine-tuning creates the premises
that make theism probable but atheistic single universe hypothesis improbable. An example of
this probability is the argument existence of life if the constants of nature were changed, Collins
argues that under this probability that energy in the universe wouldn’t be stable for life is
constants were greater of life would develop in a way inconceivable from our perspective.
3.
Summarize Rowe
’
s argument from evil for atheism.
William L. Rowe article “The Problem of Evil and Some Varieties of Atheism” coincides
factors that can justify one’s belief in atheism by correlating it to the existence of evil that
permeates both human nature and the universe’s natural phenomena. Rowe first analyzes what’s
the average belief and view toward to belief in the presence of God and what he is to them, an
omniscient and all-seeing figure that sees all in the world and is deemed as the greater good of
the universe. With such arguments are made for theism however, this opens up the presence of
arguments for atheism, Rowe’s comes to the analysis that the universe contains the existence of
intense suffering and evil, if God is seen as an omniscient greater good being then them existing
means such suffering could have been prevented, the fact suffering does exist dwindles the
perspective that God is a greater good, opening up the argument for the lack of existence of such
a figure within the universe.
2
4.
What is the G. E. Moore shift, and how would it be used to respond to Rowe
’
s argument from
evil?
G. E. Moore’s shift if a paradigm change meant to rearrange propositions made within a skeptic’s
argument, it originated “Proof of an External World” (1939) with it being called, “Here is One
Hand”. On analysis, it’s meant to deny and object to the conclusion made on a skeptic’s
hypothesis, but isn’t meant to attack at the premise made on the argument, within a skeptic
argument: Is
Subject (
S) doesn't know the skeptic possibility (sp), the Subject
S doesn't know the knowledge of the world (q), Moore’s shift is if
Subject (
S) doesn't
know knowledge of the world (q), the Subject (S) doesn't know the skeptic
possibility (sp).
If this were to be applied to Rowe’s argument, it creates the question if God
can intervene in the internal sufferings and evil of the world, while this doesn’t diminish Rowe’s
question of if God even can be deemed as omniscient or a greater good, it objects to the
conclusion the God doesn’t exist in the universe.
3
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