WYSK # 5
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School
Resurrection University *
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Course
3050
Subject
Philosophy
Date
Feb 20, 2024
Type
docx
Pages
3
Uploaded by ElderRose13229
What You Should Know--# 5—Week 3
*Instructions
: Complete this document either in Word or manually (and scanned) and place in the appropriate drop-box before the start of class (ex. If your class begins at 12:00 pm, submit no
later than 11:59). This must be completed in its entirety
to receive the allotted participation points. All of this information is found in the Power Point presentations and assigned readings. You must be prepared to discuss this information during the synchronous class session. Format your submission: LastnameFirstinitial_# 5 WYSK.doc or .pdf
Week 3: WYSK # 5 What You Should Know:
1.
What is problem. Usually unplanned and often unexpected, A discrepancy between the current situation and a desired state, Simple or complex, routine or moral
2.
Describe a moral problem: Incorporate a mix of values, risks, benefits, and harms, Include solutions that are obscure until the situation unfolds, Include intricate relationships among people with opposing views.
3.
List some types of moral problems:
1. Moral uncertainty
2. Moral dilemma
3. Moral distress
4. Moral outrage
5. Moral reckoning
4.
How does moral uncertainty develop? Cannot define the moral problem, Is not sure of the morally correct action, Is unsure which moral principles or values apply
5.
Define dilemma: Seems to defy a satisfactory solution, Requires a choice between two equally unfavorable and mutually exclusive options.
6.
What is a moral dilemma? When solutions to a problem include conflicting moral claims.
Describe the two ways that they can present: One moral rule supports one course of action, and another moral rule supports another course of action, yet the two actions are mutually exclusive. Or evidence indicates that an act is morally right, and other evidence indicates that the act is morally wrong, but no evidence is conclusive.
7.
What is moral distress? When one knows the right thing to do, but institutional constraints make it nearly impossible to pursue the right course of action.
8.
Describe situations in which nurses may suffer from moral distress and what factors may develop into moral distress?
Stressors resulting from a nursing shortage, ethical and working environment in the facility, work
relationships with physicians, clients and role expectations. Can result in emotional, psychosocial and physical consequences for nurses and possibly the clients.
9.
What is moral outrage? How can this impact nurses? When someone else performs an act the
nurse believes to be immoral. Nurses do not participate in the act, do not believe they are responsible for wrong, and believe they are powerless to prevent the act.
10. What is moral reckoning, how long can it last, what are the stages? It includes moral distress, moral outrage, etc. It can last a lifetime.
1.Stage of ease
2.Stage of resolution
3.Stage of reflection 11. What factors can interfere with, alter, or obstruct action and add to the complexity of ethical problems? Extraneous variables, context, uncertainty, stakeholders, urgency, power imbalance and other relevant cases.
12. What basic features constitute every type of decision? Problem, alternative solutions, uncertainty, and outcome
13. What are the attributes of effective decision-makers? Moral integrity, sense of responsibility, empowerment, sensitivity, compassion, and caring, patience and willingness to deliberate, knowledge about social rules, ethical principles, and professional studies.
14. List the steps, in order, of the ethical decision-making process:
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Articulate the problem
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Gather data and identify conflicting moral claims
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Explore strategies
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Implement the chosen strategy
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Evaluate outcomes
15. Describe distributive justice.
1.
Society accepts some responsibility to care for the weak and vulnerable
2.
Basic services are defined for those meeting various programs’ criteria
3.
Some services are provided for catastrophic illness in certain populations
4.
Other services are as defined by program aims
16. List some difficult questions in distributive justice:
-Who is entitled to health care?
-What care is covered?
-Is there an innate right to healthcare?
-How much care should society provide?
17. Name 4 theories of distributive justice, define them, and provide examples of the application of these theories.
-
Egalitarian
-
Utilitarian
-
Libertarian
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Communitarian
18. Describe the impact of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
Expands access to insurance to more than 30 million Americans. Increases coverage for preexisting conditions. Reforms some aspects of the public and private health insurance.
19. Name some of the factors that have led to higher costs of health care in the U.S. Malpractice litigation, rising prescription drug costs, greater emphasis on technology, higher standards of care, large segment of population uninsured, history of insutrance payment system
Pre-Class Activities:
Prior to the next class, read the article “Are LA hospitals really dumping homeless patients on the streets?” (https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/may/04/los-
angeles-hospitals-homeless-patients-skid-row) and be prepared to discuss what you have read in class.
X Check box to signify completion
Prior to the next class, briefly interview a nurse and ask about an ethical dilemma he or
she has faced and how it was resolved. X Check box to signify completion
Prior to the next class, watch the following videos and be prepared to discuss the concepts in class:
Brene Brown on Empathy: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Evwgu369Jw
It's Not Burnout, It's Moral Injury | Dr. Zubin Damania on "Burnout" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L_1PNZdHq6Q
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