937073.84, Analysis 2 final revised

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Kenyatta University *

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BAC 821

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Nursing

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Nov 24, 2024

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1 Analysis 2 Background The effectiveness of BMI intervention on hypertension in explored and addressed in the study. A sample of 30 participants was recruited to take part in the study. The survey aimed to establish whether there is a variation BMI intervention on patients hypertension based on gender. The variables of interest include BMI change, gender, race, age, and hypertension. To understand the effects on BMI intervention on patients with hypertension, based on gender, the following research questions will guide the study. Research Questions RQ1: Before the intervention, was there a variation in BMI intervention based on gender? RQ2: Is there a statistical difference in patient BMI following the intervention? RQ3: Is there a difference in family visits by gender? Tables Table 1: Descriptive statistics for patients MBI, Post-Pre intervention

2 Table 2: Results of descriptive statistics and t-test for Marital status, Gender, and Hypertension Analysis Description of the Variables of Interest In the survey, the identified four variables of interest greatly assisted in describing the attributes of the participants. The data obtained from the demographic characteristics assist in establishing how the subjects are representative of the study population. a. Gender is a nominal variable that describes the subjects as males or females. b. Hypertension is categorized as a nominal variable used to identify whether the subjects are hypertensive or not c. BMI Pre- scale variable captures height and weight of the sample participants before the intervention. d. BMI Post-intervention is used to ascertain whether the BMI of the sampled participants hypertensive or not after the intervention. Conclusion on Research Question 1 1. The variations between the BMI before the intervention is M diff = 1.79 (SE diff = 0.84) 2. The p-value is statistically significant

3 3. There is no clinical significance since the observed changes in the BMI are minimal. Clinically, the status of the average BMI mean never changed. Hence, the subjects are still hypertensive. Therefore, there is still a need for intervention to reduce hypertension among the participants to become healthy. Moreover, the differences in pre and post BMI intervention could be a result of the differences in factors not targeted by the intervention. 4. The sample size of the statistical test is N=30 5. Four assumptions were met in this test. The first assumption is that the dependent variable ought to be continuous and was met since the BMI is a continuous variable. Next is the assumption of normality since the dependent variables should be normally distributed without outliers. This was met using the mean and standard deviation of the pre and post-BMI, which is smaller compared to the mean. Third, the observations are not supposed to be dependent on each other and were met because the frequency tables show no trend. Finally, the homogeneity of variance for the samples is equal. This was met since the standard deviations for the samples were almost equal 6. The p-value = .049, which indicates that the difference noted is statistically significant since it is less than .05 with a confidence level of 95%. Hence the hypothesis is rejected. 7. The implication of this analysis on the intervention is that statistical analysis, such as correlation and regression analysis is necessary to establish whether BMI before the intervention depends on BMI after interventions (Polit, 2014). Also, the cost evaluation for the intervention strategy must be conducted since the effect size is not high compared to the benefits of the intervention.

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4 Conclusion on Research Question 2 1. There is a difference between the prior BMI intervention and hypertension, which is - 1.54429. The mean of the participants who are hypertensive compared to those who are not; hence no statistical difference in BMI before intervention between those who are hypertensive and those who ate not t=-0.811, p=0.425 2. Since the p-value is greater than 0.05, it is not easy to reject the null hypothesis; hence it can be concluded that there is a lack of statistical evidence to support the claim that prior BMI is different depending being hypertensive or not, 3. The difference is clinically insignificant since there is a lack of enough clinical evidence that prior BMI is a difference based being hypertensive or not. Hence, the findings are not clinically significant. This means that hypertension cannot be considered as a key influencing factor on BMI. Also, clinically, it would lack much effect advising participants to change their lifestyles to remain healthy. 4. The sample size is n=29 5. In this test, there are four assumptions. First, the independent variable should be nominal which should be measured in two categories. This was met because being hypertensive is eased based on “Yes or No” categories. The next assumption is that the dependent variable ought to be normally distributed and was met since the standard deviation is smaller compared to the mean. Hence, the observations lie within the mean and very few is far away. The third assumption is the existence of the independence of the observations since there are no relationships between different groups. This was met because there is no trend from the output from the frequency table. Finally, the

5 homogeneity of the variances is equal. This was met because the variances for the participants who are hypertensive and those who are not are the same. 6. There is no significant difference in the prior BMI for patients in both groups who are hypertensive and those who are not. This is vital because it disapproves the belief that there is a variation between hypertension and prior BMI. Conclusion on Research Question 3 Summary of the Findings Patients were recruited to participate in the study project. The variables of interest were used to yield data output file, which show the interval or ratio variables, mean, and Std. Similarly, females comprised of about two-thirds of the participants. The findings revealed that the interventions led to a statistically significant reduction in BMI. The independent t-test demonstrated that patients who are hypertensive had no significant effect on pre-intervention BMI. Therefore, further research should focus on post-intervention BMI analysis to offer further understanding of the relationship and establish whether BMI intervention impact hypertension.

6 Reference Polit, D. F. (2014). Statistics and data analysis for nursing research. Pearson New International Edition. Pearson Higher Ed. https://www.pearson.com/en-gb/subject-catalog/p/statistics- and-data-analysis-for-nursing-research-pearson-new-international-edition/ P200000005244

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