Lab Report - Touchstone 5
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NAME: Robert McCants III (Rya Amour)
DATE: November 19, 2023
Lab Report
Hematology: Introduction to Blood
This lab report is for you to reflect on what you completed and learned in this
simulation, and to practice your written scientific communication skills. Include enough
detail to clearly describe the lab experience to someone who understands the concepts
but has not participated in the simulation. Use correct scientific terminology whenever
applicable.
Sections
1. Describe the overall objective and make a hypothesis
2. Introduce relevant background knowledge on this topic
3. Summarize the steps taken in the simulation
4. Explain any obtained results
5. Discuss the conclusions and implications
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1. Describe the overall objective and make a hypothesis.
What is the overall purpose of the experiments or activities? Make a hypothesis. Recall that
the hypothesis is a claim that answers a question or makes a prediction about an event
that has not yet occurred.
Hint: The purpose is often stated in the welcome message of the simulation (as shown in
the example image below).
For your entry make sure to include the following:
●
Include one statement that describes the overall objective in your own words.
●
Include one statement that describes the hypothesis.
In this examination, an attempt will be made to conduct blood tests on three patients.
This process involves the collection, analysis, and identification of abnormalities in the
blood through the use of blood tests. Once the issue is identified, the patients will receive
appropriate treatment. It is acknowledged that each of the three individuals is suffering
from distinct blood disorders, which are causing a range of different symptoms.
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2. Introduce relevant background knowledge on this topic.
What have you learned in class or researched on your own that would help prepare for this
simulation?
Hint: You can review the “THEORY” section in the simulation (as shown in the example
image below)
For your entry make sure to include the following:
●
Include at least three important details from the lab “Theory” tab, the Lab Manual,
or other resources, in your lab report that supports the simulation activity.
Blood disorders can have a significant impact on overall health and well-being. There are
various types of blood disorders and blood cancers that individuals may suffer from.
These can be either inherited or acquired. Some of the more commonly recognized blood
disorders include anemia, lymphoma, myeloma, leukemia, and sickle cell anemia.
Recognizing the common symptoms associated with blood disorders can help identify the
presence of a problem. These symptoms may include excessive bleeding, swelling, blood
in the stool or urine, nosebleeds, and internal bleeding. If an individual experiences these
symptoms, their doctor will likely order a blood test to assess their blood levels. There are
several tests available depending on the specific symptoms. Common tests for red blood
cells include the hemoglobin test, hematocrit test, and reticulocyte count. To accurately
identify the problem, two tests will be conducted. One approach involves using a
Hematology Analyzer, which analyzes a blood sample based on electrical resistance. The
blood is mixed with an electrolyte solution to distinguish non-conductive cells in an
electric field. This allows for the detection of individual cells and determines the final
count. The second set of tests is performed under a microscope. By using slides and a
microscope, platelets can be examined and any abnormalities can be visualized. The
different types of white blood cells, including eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils,
monocytes, and lymphocytes, are evaluated through a platelet count, mean platelet
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volume test, or peripheral blood smear. Once a blood disorder is identified, appropriate
treatment can be initiated. These treatments may involve blood and platelet transfusions,
anticoagulants, growth factor supplementation, and corticosteroids. The doctor will
discuss the available treatments, the expected outcomes, and determine the best course
of action for the individual.
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3. Summarize the steps taken in the simulation.
Explain all steps you completed, including the equipment and techniques you used.
Hint: You can use the “MISSION” tab in the LabPad as inspiration (as shown in the example
image below).
For your entry make sure to include the following:
●
Document each step you completed, including the equipment and techniques you
used.
1. Document each completed step, detailing the equipment and procedures employed.
2. Collect blood samples from patients using blood collection tubes that are coated in
purple.
3. Position the three sample tubes onto the designated rack.
4. The control, Mrs. Armotare patient 1, Patient 2, and Patient 3.
5. Choose a tube from the available options.
6. Proceed to scan the selected tube.
7. Utilize a pipette to extract a sample of blood.
8. Carefully place the extracted sample onto a slide.
9. Insert the slide into the Hematology Analyzer.
10. Execute the report and carefully review the obtained results.
11. Select a cylinder from the designated rack.
12. Employ a pipette to draw a blood sample for testing.
13. Position the slide onto the stand of the magnifying lens.
14. Apply drenching oil to the slide.
15. Thoroughly analyze the blood sample.
16. Obtain a new slide for further testing.
17. Use a pipette to draw another blood sample.
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18. Smear the blood sample onto the slide using a fresh one.
19. Allow the slide to air dry by placing it on a paper towel.
20. Immerse the sample in the Giesma stain for a duration of two minutes.
21. Remove the stained slide and rinse it with purified water.
22. Once again, allow the slide to dry on a paper towel.
23. Position the prepared slide onto the stage of the magnifying lens.
24. Apply submersion oil onto the slide.
25. Carefully examine the blood sample for any irregularities.
26. Finally, place the slide back onto the paper towel.
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4. Describe any obtained results.
Explain all obtained results. Were these results expected or unexpected?
Hint: You can use the “MEDIA” tab in the Lab Pad to revisit relevant images from the
simulation (as shown in the example image below).
For your entry make sure to include the following:
●
Document the results from the simulation.
●
Document whether the results were expected or unexpected, and briefly explain
why.
1. Upon examination, the control yielded robust blood counts that closely resembled
those of a healthy individual, with a hematocrit level of 42%.
2. Patient 1 exhibited elevated levels of white blood cells and a decrease in platelet
count, indicating the presence of an infection.
3. Patient 2 displayed the presence of peculiar red blood cells, suggesting an abnormality
in their composition.
4. The blood count results indicate a mild case of anemia.
5. Patient 3 demonstrated a healthy blood count within the normal range for an individual
in good health.
6. In the second stage of the analysis, tests were conducted under a microscope to
identify any abnormalities in both red and white blood cells.
7. Upon examination of the blood slide, intracellular parasites were detected, leading to
the diagnosis of Malaria in Patient 1.
8. Patient 2's blood slide revealed the presence of abnormally elongated red blood cells,
indicating a diagnosis of Sickle cell anemia.
9. Blood testing conducted on Patient 3 revealed a potential blood clotting disorder, as
well as a reduced level of factor VIII and IX. This suggests a possibility of hemophilia,
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especially considering the family history of the condition.
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5. Discuss the conclusions and implications.
How do your results relate back to the original purpose and your hypothesis? Were there
any systematic sources of error that could have affected the results? What did you learn?
For your entry make sure to include the following:
●
Include a statement that briefly summarizes how the results of the simulation
relate back to your original purpose and hypothesis.
●
Include a statement that details any systematic sources of error you identified that
could have affected the results. If the lab did not have any systematic sources of
error, include a statement that acknowledges the lack of error present in the lab.
●
Include a statement about what you learned from the simulation.
In this experiment, we were provided with the opportunity to differentiate the blood
disorders among all the patients. By conducting the hematology test, we were able to
identify any deviations in the overall blood count. Subsequently, we employed the
microscope to fine-tune our findings using the obtained results.
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