BEH5041 Lecture Questions

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Florida Institute of Technology *

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5041

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Mechanical Engineering

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Jan 9, 2024

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BEH5041 – Lecture Activity Questions  This type of science studies empirical phenomena through direct observation and measurement: Natural o Social sciences might study subjects such as personality traits, attitudes, emotional states through indirect observations and inferential statistics. Pseudoscience includes beliefs, theories, or practices that are considered scientific, but have no basis in scientific fact. Leaving natural science as the correct answer  Social sciences study hypothetical constructs through indirect observations and irregular measurement. o Social sciences study hypothetical constructs such as personality traits, attitudes, emotional states through means other than direct observation.  Write a pre-scientific or quasi-scientific explanation for a specific behavior o Yamen stole from the store because a spirit told him to steal (pre-scientific) OR Yamen stole from the store because he is a kleptomaniac (quasi-scientific).  Behavior analysis refers to the study of behavior alone: False o Behavior analysis studies the relationship between environmental variables and behavior. Changes in the environment have effects on behavior and behavior changes the environment. Behavior analysis looks at the whole picture, not just behavior alone in isolation.  Behavior analysis is a Natural science. o Other natural sciences include physics, biology, chemistry, etc. Social sciences include criminology, economics, law, cultural studies, anthropology and many more. Pseudoscience includes subjects such as the flat earth theory, astrology, numerology, conversion therapy and psychoanalysis.  Behavior analysis includes which of the following? o Natural Science Approach, Technological Applications, Scientific Explanations of Behavior  Behavior analysis includes a natural science approach, applying the technologies of the science to help solve problems in the real world, and explains behavior scientifically (rather than through diagnoses, personality types, IQ tests, psychological profiles, political orientation, religious affiliations, etc.)  The basic principles and processes of behavior analysis were first discovered in a _____ setting with infrahuman animals. Laboratory o Early experimental behavior analytic research was conducted with pigeons, rats, and even chimpanzees, in highly controlled lab settings rather than in their natural habits. Applied settings include working with individuals in schools, homes, and their communities. Clinical settings are highly controlled environments such as centers and clinics in which behavior analytic principles are used to teach people meaningful skills and decrease dangerous behavior.  Learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior as the result of experience. o Behavior analysts empirically observe natural phenomena (behavior) occur. Experience is an organism’s interaction with the environment. When organisms change in their behavior relatively permanently as a result of an interaction with their environment, we can say that the organism has learned through experience.  Behavior is everything an organism does

o Behavior is an action done by the organism, which can be any living being such as a rat, bird, fish, human, etc. Behavior analysis is interested in studying what the organism DOES and the effect it has on the environment through observation and measurement.  Select all that are critical attributes of behavior o Biological in nature, involves action, involves interaction between the organism and the environment  The behaver is the living organism who is engaging in the behavior of interest. If clapping is the behavior of interest in this example, then the living organism engaging that behavior is Rocco (the behaver). Even though the client Gabrielle is also engaging in behavior (spitting), spitting is NOT the behavior of interest in this question, and therefore, Gabrielle is not the behaver.  Identify whether the behaver below is performing an action (active) or receiving an action (passive): o Yanis climbed a wall – ACTIVE  Yanis is the behaver. The behavior he engaged in is climbing. He performed an action, which involved movement by a living organism. If Yanis was pushed or if he fell off a wall, then that would be passive. o The bus is taking Joey to school – PASSIVE  The bus is moving, but it is not a living creature, so it cannot perform an action nor be a behaver. Joey is not engaging in any behavior in this example – he is not performing an action but is simply being taken to school (receiving an action). o Louie’s car was stolen – PASSIVE  The car is not a living creature, so it cannot perform an action nor be a behaver. Louie is not engaging in any behavior in this example – he is not performing an action but simply had something taken away from him (receiving an action). o Grandma Jane knitted a scarf – ACTIVE  Grandma Jane is the behaver. The behavior she engaged in is knitting. She performed an action, which involved movement by a living organism. If someone gave Grandma Jane a scarf or put a scarf on her, then that would be passive.  Select all that involve action o Salivating to the smell of your favorite meal, talking to a friend, sneezing in a quiet room  Since ”you” are the behaver in these examples, failing to brush teeth and having fresh flowers delivered to your house do not involvement movement by you the individual. Whereas salivating, talking, and sneezing all involvement movement done by you, a living organism.  Behavior is part of the organism itself – FALSE o Something that is part of or about the organism would be a personality trait, state, or attitude, which cannot be seen or observed. Behavior is something that the organism does, which can be observed and measured.  Ruby answers the teacher’s question in class, and the teacher says, ”Yes, that is correct. Great job!” – How does the environment affect Ruby’s answering behavior? o A question is asked in class  In this question, the teacher asking a question is a change in the environment. A question being added to Ruby’s environment affected Ruby’s behavior – she answered the question. Ruby “knowing” or having knowledge of something does not require any interaction with the

environment, and therefore, is not part of Ruby’s environment to be able to affect her answering behavior.  Select all that involve an interaction between an organism and the environment o Jeremy makes a phone call, Stacie writes a sentence in class, the dog ate all the food in his bowl  Frank has a million dollars in the bank is something he owns or possesses, and Bonnie being tired after a long meeting is a state of being; neither of these options involve any interaction with their environments. All the other options involve action between the behaver and their environment. Stacie is interacting with her environment by writing on something in class, The dog interacted with his environment by eating the food that was in his bowl until it is empty. Lastly, Jeremy is interacting with his environment by using a phone to call someone.  I push the door open – If I am the behaver, and pushing is the behavior, then what is the interaction with the environment? o Hands touch the door, the door is now open  Write an example of behavior that includes all three critical attributes of behavior o “Pat picked a flower.” The three critical attributes of behavior are: 1) Behavior is biological in nature (Pat is a live human), 2) involves action (Pat moved her arm and fingers), and 3) involves interaction between a living organism and the environment (Pat picking a flower – the behavior of picking affects the environment, the flower is removed from its location and is now in Pat’s hands).  Axel is the behaver. Select all that pass the Dead Man’s test and are examples of behavior o Axel reads a page in a book aloud, Axel is looking at pictures on his phone  Reading a book and looking at pictures pass the dead man’s tests because they both involve a living organism engaging in an action and interacting with their environment. Only a living person can read a book aloud and look at pictures on a phone – a dead person cannot read pages or look at pictures. Whereas, a dead person can be hit by a car, not get out of bed if asked, and not wash dishes.  Select all that pass the Specific Action Test and are examples of behavior o Writing a test question, tearing up an old letter, watching popcorn pop in the microwave  Writing questions, tearing up a letter, watching popcorn pop in the microwave all involve interaction/movements with the environment. The other options are passive in that they do not involve any movement/interaction with the environment. They are “states of being”: frustrated, mad, and stubborn, all of which are not behavior since they are not things a living organism DOES.  Select all that are examples of behavior o Opening a door, making remarks, talking to someone  Opening a door, making remarks, talking to someone all meet the three critical attributes of behavior: 1) biological in nature, 2 involves action, and 3) involves interaction between the organism and the environment. Being oppositional, having a low self-concept describe states, traits, and attitudes which are not

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behavior. Receiving a token does not involve you engaging in an action, instead you are receiving an action by something being given to you.  Jameela coughs to clear her throat. Is this an example of behavior? Yes o Jameela is doing something. She is a living, breathing organism who is engaging in a physical action (i.e., coughing). This behavior also changes the environment and is changed by the environment. Specifically, coughing is a response to an environmental stimulus (e.g., an itchy sensation in her throat).