Cabin Environmental Control System Matthew Skelton
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Cabin Environmental Control System
Matthew A. Skelton
Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University
AMNT 271: Airframe Systems & Application
Dr. B.G. Martin
December 10, 2022
1
Cabin Environmental Control Systems
By design aircraft are meant to fly at high altitudes in order to be more efficient, and to
reduce risk of turbulence and weather. At high altitudes air pressure is decrease and oxygen starts
becoming scarcer. This can take a toll on the human body as a lack of oxygen can lead to
hypoxia. In order to combat this change of pressure, a subsystem of the cabin environmental
control systems maintains the pressure inside of the cabin to allow for easier breathing of oxygen
and prevent the physical effects on the human body.
Pressurization
The aircraft pressurization system is responsible for maintaining cabin pressure. There
are three components that comprise the pressurization system and they are the pressure hull,
compressor and an outflow valve (Pilot Institute, 2021). The pressure hull is essentially the areas
of the aircraft in which are pressurized and sealed so that the air cannot escape those areas
include the cabin, cockpit, toilets, and cargo bay (Pilot Institute, 2021). The compressor works by
taking compressed air from the engine from the compressor stage and ducted into the air
conditioning packs to expand and cool down after which it is ducted into the cabin (Pilot
Institute, 2021). The last component is the outflow valve which controls the level of
pressurization but allowing air out, this valve allows for the proper pressurization while in flight
(Pilot Institute, 2021).
Human Physiology
There are three main effects caused by a pressure drop as the result of an altitude
increase. The first being a reduction of usable oxygen, as altitude rises, and pressure drops the
amount of usable oxygen also decreases so the human body is not able to get the amount of
oxygen it requires (Pilot Institute, 2021). The second effect is the physical effects of the differing
2
pressures between the human body and the pressure outside of the body, this change leads to
decompressions on any part of the body that holds gases like the gut, sinuses, and ears (Pilot
Institute, 2021). The last effect is the drastic change in temperature, at higher altitudes air
temperatures are much colder than on the ground and there have been cases where people have
tried to conceal themselves in the landing gear and have frozen due to these extreme temperature
changes (Pilot Institute, 2021).
Conclusion
Cabin environmental control systems are crucial to keeping passengers and crews safe
and comfortable in flight. Pressurization is one of the biggest parts of this as it aids in keeping
the human body at a comfortable pressure so that it doesn’t decompress and allows for more
usable oxygen inside of the cabin. If the system were to fail, then the passengers and crew would
only have a limited time to descend to a safe level before hypoxia would set in.
3
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References
Pilot Institute. (2021, December 20). Aircraft pressurization systems: How they work and when
they are required.
Pilot Institute
. https://pilotinstitute.com/aircraft-pressurization-systems/
4
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