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Name_______________________________ BME 301 Human Physiology: Electrical Analysis Final Exam December 13, 2022 There are 10 questions in this exam. Please make sure that you answer all of the questions. Feel free to explain your answers or any assumptions you made for possible partial credit. Label all axes. Always include units and values (or estimates of values) when known. Do not write on the back of the exam . Only the front of pages will be scanned. Your signature below is required. By entering my name below, I affirm that I have not given or received and will not give or receive any unauthorized help on this exam, and that all work will be my own. I acknowledge that I am not authorized to share any information about this exam, no matter how trivial, until the solution has been posted on the course website. Name: _______________________________________ 1.

Name_______________________________ The abominable snowman (AbMan to his friends) lives in the parallel universe of the North Pole. 1. AbMan’s neurons have action potentials dominated by ions that are stable in cold. This includes Al +3 , Ti +4 and He (which is electroneutral). The Nernst potentials are: E Al +3 = 60 mV E Ti +4 = -40 mV a. (3 Points) Both ions have positive valences. Is it possible for one to have a positive Nernst potential and one to have a negative Nernst potential? If so, how? b. (2 Points) AbMan’s permeabilities to Al +3 , Ti +4 and He are shown below. What resting potential would you expect for AbMan’s neurons? c. (7 Points) Sketch the action potential shape you would expect for AbMan’s neurons. Use the Nernst potentials given regardless of if they are correct or not. Be sure to label axes and give units where known. t i m permeability A l + 3 H e T high low w

Name_______________________________ 2. (5 Points) AbMan has an icicle shaped heart as shown. Excitation starts at a pacing node in the center of the circular face of the icicle and spreads uniformly in all directions as shown. From there, excitation moves down the sides of the icicle to the apex of the heart. Repolarization occurs in the opposite direction . Sketch the action potential shape you would expect for the following. Be sure to label your axes. Pacing Node Myocardial cell at the base of the heart Myocardial cell at the apex of the heart 4

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Name_______________________________ 3. (9 points) To measure the snowman EKG, the leads are shown below. Drawing from: <a href="https://www.freepik.com/free-vector/hand-drawn-yeti-abominable-snowman-illustration_12396697.htm">Image by pikisuperstar</a> on Freepik Sketch the EKG you would expect to measure for Lead I and Lead II. Be sure to label your axes. Lead I (horizontal leads) Lead II (vertical leads) + - + - Lead II Lead I

Name_______________________________ 4. AbMan’s vocal cords are subject to extreme cold. The cold shortens the length of the vocal cords. The effect on the mass per unit length is negligible, but the effect on tension is not. Tension will increase as the cords shorten. (4 points) Sketch the output of the vocal folds you would expect for a human. Be sure to label your axes. (4 points) Relative to those of human, sketch the output of the vocal folds you would expect for AbMan.

Name_______________________________ 5. It’s so cold at the North Pole, that sometimes AbMan lips and vocal folds are frozen in the open position. This is analogous to a situation where pressure is at ambient pressure at both ends. Sketch the pressure waves you would expect along AbMan’s throat when the lips and vocal folds are frozen open if the throat is a straight tube for each of the following formants. Be sure to label your axes. a. (3 points) The 1 st formant b. (3 points) The 2 nd formant c. (5 points) What values would you expect for the 1 st and 2 nd formants? d. (7 points) Given your values for the formants above, sketch the total vocal output you would expect for AbMan if its vocal folds produced a fundamental frequency of 25 Hz. Be sure to label your axes and give units when known.

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Name_______________________________ 6. AbMan’s aqueous and vitreous humors are made of ice. The index of refraction for ice on the alternative North Pole is 1.39 (it’s acutally 1.31 on earth, just FYI). The indeces of refraction for the human eye are shown below. If all other indeces of refraction for AbMan are the same as for human. a. (6 points) Draw an arrow to each region where bending of light would be different in AbMan’s eye if it is the same as a human eye other than the humours being composed of ice. Explain how the bending of light would change. b. (3 points) To focus images, would AbMan’s eye need to be longer or shorter than that of a human? c. (2 points) If AbMan’s eye was the same length of that of a human, would AbMan be far sighted or near sighted?

Name_______________________________ 7. AbMan likes to drive his snowmobile very fast on the ice. Sometimes he spins out. a. (5 points) While his snowmobile is spinning, how would his eyes be moving? Give both the name for the motion and describe or sketch the motion of the eyes. b. (4 points) If the charge on AbMan’s eyes are the same as yours, and you wanted to record his EOG while his snowmobile was spinning, indicate what electrodes you would use and where you would place them. c. (4 points) Sketch the EOG you would expect to measure. Feel free to explain your answer. Be sure to label your axes.

Name_______________________________ 8. AbMan is addicted to snow cream (if you need the recipe, just ask Dr. Cartee). The sugar in snow cream is an antagonist for muscarinic ACh receptors. a. (4 points) Given AbMan’s addiction, what affect would an antagonist have on the channels and how would his muscarinic receptors for ACh change? b. (5 points) If AbMan is going through snowcream withdrawal, how would you expect each of the following to change? Pupil of eye Secretion of salivary glands Heart rate Bronchioles Digestive tract secretions

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Name_______________________________ 9. AbMan has an icicle shaped cochlea. The basilar membrane is wide where the cochlea is wide and narrow where the cochlea is narrow. a. (2 point) On the figure below, show where AbMan’s nerves for low frequency hearing would innervate the cochlea. b. (3 points) If AbMan could only hear 2 frequencies, one high and one low, sketch the cochlear implant you would design for AbMan. c. (2 points) Based on your design, would you use bipolar or mopolar stimulation? d. (2 points) Sketch the shape of the stimulus waveform you would use for AbMan, assuming his cochlear implant electrodes and cochlear neurons behave like yours.

Name_______________________________ 10. (6 points) Please give your best answer. There is no incorrect answer. You will only be counted off for an incomplete answer. For each of the following, on a scale of 1 to 5 with 1 being not at all familiar and 5 being very familiar, please rate your experience with the following a. Plotting and conceptualizing frequency domain signals (like the output of the vocal folds) Before this class _________ After completion of this class __________ b. Predicting filtering of signals in frequency domain (like passing vocal fold output through the throat) Before this class. _________ After completion of this class __________ c. Measuring signals in frequency domain (like when using Adobe Audition to measure voice output Before this class. _________ After completion of this class __________ From all of the aliens this semester, the TAs and me, we hope you enjoy your holidays!

Name_______________________________ Information on this page will not be graded Equations: E ion = 25 z ln ( [ ion out ] [ ion ¿ ] ) at 37 ℃ E ion = RT zF ln ( [ ion out ] [ ion ¿ ] ) at 37 ℃ J =− D ∇ C V m = 60 log 10 P K [ K + ] out + P Na [ Na + ] out + P cl [ Cl − ] in P K [ K + ] in + P Na [ Na + ] in + P cl [ Cl − ] out at 37º C Q = CV m 1 1,2,3, ...... 2 n v f n nf n L    1 1,3,5,... 4 n v f n nf n L    1 1 1 i o f   R 8.314 J/K.mole F 96487 coulombs / mole Speed of sound in air at North Pole (alt. univ.) 100 m/s at 20° C Speed of sound in water at North Pole (alt univ.) 1000 m/s at 20° C Speed of traveling wave in AbMan vocal fold 200 m/s Length of AbMan vocal folds 0.5 m Length of AbMan throat 1 m

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