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University of California, Irvine *
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PHYSICS 3A
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Mechanical Engineering
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Jan 9, 2024
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Lab Assignment Sheet
Exploring Forces – The Free Particle Model (Week 5)
Model or Topic Explored: We will begin to look at forces and dynamics involved with free particles using the IOLab unit and some common items in your home. We are looking for a description of the forces when the net force on a particle is zero – this implies that the particle will be stationary or moving at a constant velocity. In this lab, you will be determine the coefficient of friction between pairs of materials, using this force balance.
Constants:
Velocity Acceleration Net external force Measurables:
W
for weight
N for normal force Time and Force sensor “Fy”
Observables:
Cart stationary or moving, pulling different weighted objects along a desk Force Interaction between cart, table
Problem Statement: How does force friction depend on normal force when an object is moved at a constant velocity ?
PHYS 1010 – page 1
Lab Assignment Sheet
Force of earth on cart
Force of table on cart
Force of cart on earth
Force of car on earth
Force of table on earth
Force of car on table Prediction:
The more weight or normal force, the stronger the friction and slower the cart will move. Experiment: Procedure ( list of steps with some detail):
IOLab unit was used to measure force. We first attached the eye hook and then a thin string to pull the unit along a flat table surface. IT was pulled along the unit side with the attached friction pads, at rest with constant velocity, then pulled along the table at constant velocity. We measured the data with the IOLab app and applied the data to graphical, mathematical, diagrammatical and verbal representatons. Tools and Diagram of Apparatus:
[In this section, please paste at least
two digital photographs. One with you and your sign containing your name and the date of your experiment, and at least
one more of you with the items used in your experiment (preferably while doing the experiment).]
PHYS 1010 – page 2
Lab Assignment Sheet
Precautions and caveats:
PHYS 1010 – page 3
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Lab Assignment Sheet
Nothing to be noted here. Safe experiment.
Data Table with Units and Data Graphs: Screenshots were said to be acceptable. Mu in this instance represents average force in Newtons (kg*m/s^2).
Figure 1: IOLab unit on its own
Figure 2: IOLab unit with notepad on the unit Figure 3: IOLab unit with notepad and box on the unit PHYS 1010 – page 4
Lab Assignment Sheet
Math Model(s): [Digital pictures or MS Word Equation Editor could be included if the equations cannot be easily typed.]
Friction (f) in Newtons unit (kg*m/s^2)
normal force (N) in Newtons units weight (w)
mass (m) in kg units mu coefficient for friction static or kinetic gravitational acceleration (g)= 9.8 m/s^2
Tension force (T) f=mu*N w=mg
sum Forces= 0 N+W= 0 (vector)
N-W= 0 (scalar 1-D)
From the data, we have three observations:
Data 1: unit along mu=f/N 0.47/1.9=0.25
Data 2: unit with notepad
Seems done incorrectly, data can not be used PHYS 1010 – page 5
Lab Assignment Sheet
Data 2: unit with notepad + box
mu=f/N
.90/1.6=0.56
Data 3: unit with notepad + box
Could not get an accurate collection of data, can not be used of the heavier objects placed on the cart, the tension was = 4.45 which equals friction. Diagrammatic Model: [Digital pictures or diagrams created within MS Word would be included here.]
Verbal Representation: The purpose of this lab is to examine the purpose of the modeling cycle to describe forces acting on a free particle (iOLab cart/unit), while introducing other key concepts around forces, such as symmetry of forces, weight tension, normal force, and friction. We attached a strong to the cart’s eye-hook. We recorded the cart force balance between normal and weight force while hanging the unit by the string, then friction and tension by dragging the unit on its friction pads along a flat table at constant velocity (same direction as the tension). With the graphical, mathematical and diagrammatic representations, it indicates that the friction coefficient for the cart alone was mu=f/N PHYS 1010 – page 6
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Lab Assignment Sheet
0.47/1.9=0.25 and .90/1.6=0.56 for cart with notepad on top. This data is consistent with
the prediction made earlier that the more weight there is, the more frictional force there would be as well. PHYS 1010 – page 7
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