Lab 6 Report
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Lab #6 - Energy losses in pipe bends
CE 336 – Fluid Mechanics Lab
Instructor: Andres Acosta, MS, PE
Group Members:
Macias Silva, Salvador
Date of Lab: 10/12/22
Date Submitted: 11/09/22
Introduction
For this lab, the goal was to demonstrate the minor loss of the fluids flowing in the pipe
bends. By doing this lab, we can observe how the pipe fittings and flow rates affect the minor
loss coefficients. To begin, the control valve was set to read all the different manometers. Next,
the time was collected when 5 liters of water were collected. Set the bench controls to a different
level after the reading was done. This data resulted in flow rate, velocity, and loss coefficient
calculations. On the other hand, for the second section of the lab, the flow control valve was set
in one constant level, but the only thing changing was the gate valve that differed from fifty to
seventy to eighty percent of a complete turn. With this data, we were able to see the loss
coefficient in the opening of the valve.
Purpose of Study
Throughout the experiment, the purpose was to understand minor losses for different pipe
fittings as well as the flow rates for different pipe fittings.
Theory
The energy lost through the fluid flows of a pipe is known as major and minor losses.
Minor losses are due to the loss of pipe fittings. These minor losses can be calculated by the
formula.
∆
(1)
ℎ = 𝐾
𝑉
2
2𝑔
V represents the velocity through the pipe. As for K, it's dependent on the type of pipe fittings.
The second equation can also find K.
K =
(2)
∆ℎ
𝑉
2
/2𝑔
By taking the manometer reading before and after the pipe fitting, the head loss (∆h) can be
experimentally found. As for pipe expansion loss, it can be calculated with the equation.
(3)
ℎ
𝑒𝑥𝑝
= (𝑉
1
− 𝑉
2
)
2
2𝑔 To eliminate the effect of cross-sectional area in the pipe, the additional loss should be added to
the measured head loss for pipe expansion or contractions.
Equipment
The equipment used during the experiment included:
●
F1-22 Armfield apparatus
●
Hydraulic bench
●
Mitre bend
●
Elbow bend
●
Short bend
●
Area enlargement
●
Area contraction
●
Stopwatch
Experimental Set-Up & Procedures
Begin by opening the water valve, gate valve, and flow control valve on the hydraulic
bench. Next, stabilize the water level and record all the monometer readings for the given flow
rate. By collecting 5L of water and recording the time it takes to reach that level, you will find
the flow rate. Lastly, repeat the procedure for different flow rates ranging from 8 to 17 liters per
second for 5 sets. For the second experiment, make sure to keep the gate valve closed. Second,
open the valve for the hydraulic bench as well as the flow control valve of the apparatus. Then
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Related Questions
can you help me with part b) please
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Project 2
You are an engineer working in a company that provide compressors for food industry, your manger
asked you to do research to investigate the different compressor types along with their applications
A. Assess the different types of positive displacement and dynamic compressors available in
your company in a simple and brief form so you help clients to determine which type of
compressors they will use for their corresponding applications. You will have to discuss
the compressor working principle, common application, pressure ratio/operating range,
and main advantages and disadvantages. This report should be no more than two pages in
length.
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4 and 5 pleeeeeaseeee
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Question 4
A team of engineers tasked with the design of a pipe system is currently sizing
some of the different subsections. The team has started by identifying two types
of pipes, each of them involving different fluids (water and glycerin) as shown in
Figure 4 below. Material roughness is e = 10μm for both.
D₁ = 0.1m
D₂ = 0.15m
(a)
(b)
V₂
Section 1
Pw=999 kg/m³
P = 0.00112 N-s/m²
P₁ = 1260 kg/m³
#₂ = 1.5 N-s/m²
Figure 4
Section 2
Pipe 1 (water)
Pipe 2 (glycerin)
1.1D₂
1.1D ₂
Consider only Section 1, where pipe diameter is respectively Di and D2, and
estimate the head loss per meter when the volume flow rate within each
pipe is Q=0.05 m³/s. Refer to the given values of density (p) and dynamic
viscosity (u) indicated in the figure as well as to the Moody chart in the next
page where appropriate.
As also shown in the figure above, the diameter of the pipe increases by 10%
across a sudden expansion for both cases. What is the head loss per meter
over Section 2?
In order to account for…
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can you help me with part a) please
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Subject: Mechanical Measurements
Do not copy other answers
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Water Wheel Design
You have been asked to design a water wheel that will generate electricity from a river in the
northern range. Because the flow rate from the river can fluctuate depending on seasonal
rainfall, you have decided to include a holding tank that will maintain a fairly constant water leve
Water from this tank will then fall onto the wheel to generate the electricity. Because there will
still be fluctuations due to the flow rate of the river, the final device will need to include
automatically controlled valving to maintain a constant power output.
Because this is a very complex system, you have decided to develop a simplified mathematical
model for the system, to help you firstly predict how changes to the in-flow rate of the stream
will affect the rotational speed of the water wheel. A simple representation of this system is
shown below.
R.
Water wheel
Answer all questions below showing revelent calculations and working with explanation where
necessary.
1.Create a…
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Determine the resistance in each scenario presented. Explain whether the resistance is linear or not,
and if not describe the relation, finally, explain how it can be linearized about a specific condition.
Be sure to state the units and demonstrate that they are correct using the appropriate pressure/flow
relation.
a) Laminar flow
An aqueous solution of 50% glycerol / 50% water is flowing through a pipe with the following system
parameters:
System_Parameters = (L = 100.0 D= 0.2 u= 0.022 p= 1150.0 9m=7.0 g = 9.81)
units : L ~ m; D~ m; µ ~ Pa · s; p~
kg: 4. ~ 8:
Confirm that this is laminar flow and then calculate the resistance.
b) Pump Resistance from Pump Curve
Consider the following pump curve:
[Feet) (Meters]
30어
Find the pump resistance if the pump is
supporting 15 meters of discharge head
pressure, at a flow rate of 300 L/minute.
80-
250
7어 100 PSI
L/min
Determine the pump resistance in
Pa
20어 6어85 PST
50 SCFM
5어 75 PST
Note that standard pump curves are
oriented opposite to the…
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Note:
Please deliver a clear, step-by-step handwritten calculation (without any explanations!), ensuring it is created without any AI assistance. I expect a top-quality, expert-level handwritten solution, and I will evaluate and rate it based on its accuracy and precision. Double-check every detail for correctness before submission. Appreciate your time and effort!.
Question is down below:
In Figure 3, when y = 160 mm, the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder C imparts a
vertical motion to the pin B consisting of y = 400 mm/s and ÿ = -100 mm/s'. For this instant determine the angular velocity w and the angular acceleration a of link OA.
Members OA and AB make equal angles with the horizontal at this instant.
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PLEASE ANSWER THEM ALL FOR AN UPVOTE. THANK YOU.
Given:
Pi constant to be used: 3.14159
Capillary tube: radius = 0.02 cm; length = 9 cm; pressure = 0.7 mmHg
Liquid sample: density = 4 ml; time of flow = 4.5 seconds
Ans. the ff questions.
•What is the pressure in MKS unit?
•What is the pressure in CGS unit?
•What is the viscosity of the liquid?
• If the weight was given as 8.5 grams, what will be the density of the liquid?
•What is the kinematic viscosity of the liquid?
•What is the fluidity of the liquid?
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O Week 2- 20527 22110L
x a MasteringEngineering Mastering x
M Inbox (10,309) - usmikail@gmail x
a Product Detail Page
a Central Service Technical Manual x
O 21) YouTube
i session.masteringengineering.com/myct/itemView?assignmentProblemiD=12443395&offset=next
KHW 1
Problem 12.3
6 of 16
I Review
A particle travels along a straight line with a velocity
v = (12 – 3t2) m/s, where t is in seconds. When
t = 1 s, the particle is located 10 m to the left of the
origin.
Express your answer to three significant figures and include the appropriate units.
As =
437
Submit
Previous Answers Request Answer
X Incorrect; Try Again; 4 attempts remaining
Part C
Determine the distance the particle travels during the time period given in previous part.
Express your answer to three significant figures and include the appropriate units.
?
ST =
Value
Units
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A1
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Part 2
Set up a spreadsheet solution to this problem. This will require that you derive one
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and the spring compression; and a second formula to find the cost of using different slide
and spring types. Set up your spreadsheet as shown below. You can fill in the
"Acceptable?" column manually, rather than using a formula. Turn in a copy of your
spreadsheet/Matlab work
(solve for $)
Friction Spring Constant Spring Compression
M
k
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
50
100
150
50
100
150
4
Part 3
Your boss has decided to look at a second option. The spring mechanism will be
replaced by a drop box. After leaving the slide, the blocks will travel 5 horizontal feet
through the air and pass through a hole into the drop box. Using the slide you selected
above, determine how far below the slide (h) to place the hole in the drop box.
Yo = 5.2017/5
BLADE
2
RAMPE SLIDE
8⁰
SLIDE
Acceptable?
(Yes or No)
$'
Cost
51
In
DROP…
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Question 29
Not yet answered
Marked out of 2.00
P Flag question
Find the head lost due to friction in a pipe of diameter 5 m and length 5000 cm, through which a liquid of density 900 kg/m is flowing at a velocity of
3 m/s. Use Darcy formula and assume the viscosity of the liquid is 400 poise.
B.
Write your answer here
Reynolds number (Re) =
coefficient of friction (f)=
Head lost due to friction (h,) =
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[All these are easy one's ,So Solve all]
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Manufacture and design a U-pipe in an open state with a minimum of 7 different fluids with a datum.
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Problem 3: A small gearing system in your brand-new 3D printer fails as you were printing,
leading to an overload in the motor and a fire in your home. The fire spreads, burning half of
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The printer company blames you! Stating that you must have been misusing the printer some-
how. Use your engineering knowledge to "show those jerks you mean business!"
You investigate and find a serial number on the gears and type it into Google, finding the
company that manufactures the gears. Their website provides some info that this series of gear is
made from AISI 4340 steel and the yield strength is 125 kpsi.
Assuming each gear tooth acts as a small cantilever, prove to the 3D printer company that they
are liable for the fire.
oct
#
Gear Information
Gear radius (r): 1.00 in
Tooth length (1): 0.15 in
Tooth height (h): 0.15 in
Tooth thickness (b): 0.1 in
Angular velocity (w): 0.1 rad/s
Motor Information
Power (H): 0.009 hp
1…
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Question 10) Important variables in a particular water machine are: Fluid density (p), impeller angular velocity
(@), impeller diameter (D), volume flow rate (V), fluid viscosity (µ), head (gH). In fact, (gH) shows the energy
that the fluid unit mass receives from or gives to the machine, independent of gravitational acceleration (g).
Therefore, gH value is used instead of H. Important sizes in terms of the operation of the water machine are
power (P). (gH) and efficiency ( n). Derive dimensionless numbers by typing these two parameters based on
the above variables and applying Buckingham's t method (repeating variables method)
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Quiq
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