A Personal Energy Budget

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Anne Arundel Community College *

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107

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Mechanical Engineering

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Apr 3, 2024

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docx

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Calculating a Personal Energy Budget I. Introduction: The Energy Information Administration (EIA), a branch of the U.S. Department of Energy, regularly conducts a Residential Energy Consumption Survey to provide information about household energy use in the U.S. For the most recent survey (2015), data were collected from 5,686 households statistically selected to represent the 118.2 million housing units that are occupied as a primary residence. The survey consisted of household interviews, as well as actual energy consumption obtained from household billing records maintained by the energy suppliers. Statistics on energy use cited throughout this lab were obtained from survey results from the most recent Residential Energy Consumption Survey . According to the latest survey results, average U.S. energy consumption in homes has decreased by approximately 25% over the past over the past 20 years, with the average household consuming 77 million British thermal units (Btu) per year. This decrease is mainly due to improvements in energy efficiency for lighting, space heating, air conditioning, and major appliances. Newer homes also tend to feature better insulation and other characteristics, such as double-pane windows, that improve energy efficiency and prevent waste. This lab consists of a survey of energy use in your household. Daily energy use will be calculated for the following categories: electricity and transportation. In addition, you will calculate potential energy savings associated with energy-efficient technologies. Please type all your numbers and answers in RED, so they can easily be found. II. Electricity Consumption A. Home Light Usage Artificial lighting consumes approximately 10 -15% of a household's electricity use (www.eia.gov). The Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 established new efficiency standards, requiring lightbulbs to use about 25% less energy than traditional incandescents. Energy-efficient lightbulbs typically use about 25%-80% less energy than traditional incandescents, and include halogen incandescents, Compact Fluorescents (CFLs), and Light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The new bulbs provide a wide range of choices in color and brightness, and many of them last much longer than traditional lightbulbs (www.energy.gov). Replacing incandescent lightbulbs with energy efficient bulbs can save a typical household more than $50/year ( www.energy.gov ). On an average day at home, record in Table 1 the time in usage and wattage of all lights turned on in the house. If you are using incandescents, the wattage ranges from 40-150 watts and is usually printed on the bulb. For compact fluorescents or LED bulbs, the approximate wattage equivalents are given in this chart: LED Wattage CFL Wattage Incandescent Wattage 6 – 7W 8 – 12W 40W 7 – 10W 13 – 18W 60W 12 – 13W 18 – 22W 75W 14 – 20W 23 – 30W 100W 25 – 28W 30 – 55W 150W Calculate kilowatts used in each room and for the whole house using the following formula: 1

Wattage x hours per day = KWh used 1000 For example, if you have two 40 watt lights in the living room that are on for an hour and 45 minutes: 1.75hrs x 2bulbs x 40watts = 0.14 KWh used in living room 1000 Table 1. Data collected on light usage . Light Source Used Wattage Time in Use Calculations Total KWh Living Room (2) 40 1.75 1.75hrs X 2 bulbs X 40 watts 1000 0.14KWh Living room (1) 100w 10 mins .10 X 1 bulb X 100W 1000 .01KWh Bathroom (2) 60w 3 hours 3 X 4 X 60w 1000 .72Kwh Room (1) 75w 2 hours 2 X 1 X 75w 1000 .15kwh Kitchen (1) 100w 1 hour 1 X 3 X 100w 1000 .3kwh Room (my room) 13W 10 hours 10 X 1 strip X 13w 1000 .13kwh Total Lighting 1.31 1. Describe two changes in your lighting usage that would result in the greatest energy savings. 2

Using more leds throughout the house. In my room I barely turn the actual lighting on because I have leds that are very bright. We just moved and my mom isn’t home much, that’s why my usage is so low. But we have motion sensors that use batteries, throughout the house so at night we don’t even have to turn the lights on because the motion sensors are very bright. We have them throughout the whole house. Also I have led lights in my bathroom.We don’t have much in the house yet, so my usage will be low. 2. How much energy would you save by switching to LED bulbs throughout your house? (from the table, LED bulbs consume energy at about 1/6 (0.17) the rate of incandescents. So, to calculate energy saved by switching from incandescent LED, first multiply total energy used by incandescents X 0.17. That’s the energy consumption with LED bulbs. Subtract that number from the total to find energy savings. 1.18 X .17 = .2006 I’m kind of unsure what number to subtract, I think you mean the 1.18 usage from incandescents. So -0.9794 ? ____________KWh saved B. Electrical Appliances Heating and cooling homes consumes the greatest amount of energy, and accounts for almost half of total energy use in U.S. homes (www.eia.gov). Appliances account for the second-largest use of energy and consume 35% of the total energy used in U.S. homes. To calculate annual energy consumption from appliances, you must do the following: 1. Estimate number of hours per day an appliance runs. For most appliances, you can do this by recording how much time per day an appliance is used (record in Table 2). For those appliances that cycle on and off, like a refrigerator, divide the total time the appliance is plugged in by 3. 2. Find the wattage of the appliance . There are three ways to do this: - it may be stamped on the appliance (look on bottom or back if possible). - if amps are provided, multiply that by 120volts to get wattage. - use an online table to estimate wattage of common appliances, such as http://www.energy.gov/energysaver/articles/estimating-appliance-and-home-electronic-energy-use Scroll down the page to find a link to Home Energy Saver which lists wattages. Table 2. Data on appliance use Appliance Wattage Hours/day KWh = wattage X hours 1000 Refrigerator 120 24 hours 120 X 24 1000 = 2.88 3

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Air conditioner 240 12 hours 240 X 12 1000 = 2.88 Heater 240 12 hours 240 X 12 1000 = 2.88 4

Total appliances 8.64 3. Describe three changes in appliance use or heating/cooling that would result in the greatest energy savings in your household. Possibly opening up the window for different situations, like if it’s hot in the house but it’s cool outside or vice versa. Instead of using the heat or air conditioner. Or layering up with clothes if it’s really cold. 4. How many KWh would these changes save? Maybe like 15 percent so .1296 KWh (You may estimate here. For example, you may decide to lower the thermostat, and you may estimate that this would save 20% of your heat pump cost. You can then subtract this from the total. Or, you may decide to ditch the hot tub, if you have one. You can then subtract this from the total.) III. Transportation An average U.S. household travels 20,000 miles per year, and consumes over 1,000 gallons of gasoline per year (U.S. EIA, 2009). With gasoline prices at $2.50 per gallon, that equates to $2,500 spent per year on gasoline. 5. a. Estimate the miles you travel by car in a typical day. 20 miles/day b. Calculate yearly mileage (answer in 5a x 365days/year) = 7,300 miles/year c. How many miles/gallon (mpg) does your car get? 5.9gals/ 100 miles miles/gallon d. Calculate how many gallons of gas you use per day: 5a = 3.3 gallons/day 5c e. Calculate gallons per year: 5d X 365 days/year = 1,204 gallons/year 6. Calculate the number of gallons of gas you would save per year driving a car getting 10 mpg more than your current one. a. 5b = 459.12 gallons/year 5c + 10 b. 5e – 6a = 744.88 gallons/year saved 5

7. Gas hybrid cars can average 50 mpg. How many gallons of gas would you save per year if you drove such a gas hybrid car? a. Gas used with hybrid: 5b = 146 gallons/yr used with hybrid 50mpg b. 5e – 7a = 1,058 gallons/yr saved with hybrid 8. Assume gas is $2.50/gallon. What is the cost difference in gas among the three vehicles? Your Car Car getting 10 mpg more Gas Hybrid Total gallons consumed per year: 1,204 744.88 1,058 Total cost per year: 3,010 1,862.20 2,645 (gallons consumed X $2.50) 9. Refer back to your estimation of daily mileage (5d), and convert this number to BTU's using the following equation: gallons/day x 114,100 BTU/gallon = 376,530 BTU's/day 10. Convert this to kilowatts and add to your daily grand total in Part IV. BTU's = 110.35 KWh/day 3412 IV. Total Personal Energy Consumption 11. Fill in the blanks below with total energy use in KWh per day for each category. Add KWh from each category to get total KWh used per day. Electricity Lighting 1.31 KWh per day Appliances 8.64 KWh per day Transportatio n 110.35 KWh per day Total KWh used per day: 120.3 12. How much are you spending on energy use per year? In Maryland, the average cost per kilowatt/hr. is approximately $0.115. ( https://www.eia.gov/electricity/state/maryland/ ) 6

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KWh per day X $.115 = $13.83 per day X 365 = $5,047.95 per year 13. How much energy could you conserve by implementing all your proposed energy-saving techniques? A. Savings in electricity 1.31 KWh per day in lighting savings (from Question #2) .1296 KWh per day in appliances savings (from Question #4) __ Total kWh saved B. Savings in gasoline by driving a gas hybrid 2.90 gallons of gas saved, per day, by driving a hybrid (5e-7a)/365 14. How much money could you save yearly by implementing all your proposed energy-saving techniques? A. Electricity Cost Savings a. Total KWh saved .1296 X $0.115 = $.014904 savings per day b. 14a X 365 days/year = $5.44 electricity savings per year B. Transportation Cost Savings a. From question 8: yearly gasoline cost for your car – yearly gasoline cost for a gas hybrid = $146 V. Maryland’s Energy Outlook In this section of the lab, you will follow the link https://www.eia.gov/state/?sid=MD to the EIA website, where information about Maryland’s energy production and consumption is presented. Using EIA information, answer the questions below. You will need to toggle between the three pages on the site - Overview , Data, and Analysis. 7

1. Briefly describe the current state of Maryland’s production and consumption of natural gas. The consumption of natural gas is 302.2 trillion btu. The production is 0. 2. Briefly describe the current state of Maryland’s production and consumption of coal. The consumption is 69.2 trillion. The production is 30.1 trillion btu. 3. Almost all petroleum used in Maryland is consumed by what sector? Transportation. 4. How is the majority of Maryland’s electricity generated? Nuclear. 5. Approximately what proportion of Maryland’s electricity is generated using renewable sources (solar, wind, hydropower)? 13% 6. Describe a prominent source of hydropower in Maryland. Nuclear Electric Power. 7. Approximately what proportion of renewable energy comes from solar in Maryland? 38.6 trillion btu 8. Approximately what proportion of renewable energy comes from solar in Maryland? 9. Where are current wind farms located in Maryland? Great Bay Wind Energy Center, Skipjack Wind Farm, US Wind Maryland Offshore Wind Project, Annapolis Wind Energy Project 10. What area of Maryland has the greatest potential for wind generation? Skipjack Wind Farm. 8