lab 3

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Miami University *

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244L

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Mechanical Engineering

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Apr 3, 2024

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KNH 244L Lab 4 In-Class Activity Upper Extremity Joints and Ligaments Directions: Work through the following tasks. Use your textbooks, online resources, and Anatomage (preset 4) to assist you. For your reference... Synovial Joint Structural Classifications Uni-axial: hinge or pivot Biaxial: condyloid or saddle Triaxial: ball-and-socket Non-axial: plane Task A: Glenohumeral Joint Structure and Function (use a humerus and scapula to answer the questions) 1. What is the structural classification of the GH joint? Glenohumeral joint - Triaxial ball and socket 2. Bone structures A. What boney structures articulate to form the GH joint?  Humeral head  Glenoid cavity B. Identify each structure as concave or convex Humeral head- convex Glenoid cavity- concave 3. Degrees of freedom & movements A. How many degrees of freedom does the GH joint have? 3 degrees of freedom B. What movement pairs are available at the GH joint? Flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, medial/lateral rotation, circumduction C. Identify the planes and axes associated with each pair of movements Flexion/extension- sagittal plane, mediolateral axis Abduction/adduction- frontal plane, anteroposterior axis Medial/lateral rotation- horizontal plane, vertical axis Horizontal abduction/adduction 4. Demonstrate these actions using the bones.

KNH 244L Lab 4 In-Class Activity Task B: Acromioclavicular Joint Structure and Function (use an articulated clavicle & scapula to answer the questions) 1. What is the structural classification of the AC joint? Acromioclavicular joint - nonaxial (glide) 2. What boney structures articulate to form the AC joint?  Acromial end of Clavicle  Acromion process of scapula Task C: Glenohumeral Joint and Acromioclavicular Joint Ligaments Identify the ligaments (1-9) and accessory structure (#10) on a shoulder model. Note: some ligaments and structures are not visible on all models. 1. acromioclavicular ligament 2. coracoacromial ligament 3. trapezoid ligament 4. conoid ligament 5. superior glenohumeral ligament 6. middle glenohumeral ligament 7. inferior glenohumeral ligament 8. transverse ligament 9. coracohumeral ligament 10. subacromial bursa Task D: Sternoclavicular Joint Structure, Function, and Ligaments (use a skeleton to answer the questions) 1. What is the structural classification of the SC joint? How does this relate to the shape of the bone surfaces? Sternoclavicular joint - biaxial saddle- both joint surfaces on both the sternum and clavicle have convexity and concavity 2. What boney structures articulate to form the SC joint? - Sternum - Sternal end of clavicle 3. On the Anatomage table (preset 4), identify the ligaments marked with a pin: 1. anterior sternoclavicular ligament 2. interclavicular ligament 3. costaclavicular ligament Task E: Elbow Complex Structure and Function (use an articulated humerus, ulna, & radius to answer the questions) 1. What is the structural classification of the humeroulnar joint? hinge-joint

KNH 244L Lab 4 In-Class Activity 2. What boney structures articulate to form the humeroulnar joint? Trochlea of the Humorous Trochlea notch of ulna 3. What is the structural classification of the humeroradial joint? Atypical ball-and-socket (bi-axial instead of tri-axial) 4. What boney structures articulate to form the humeroradial joint? Capitulum of Humorous Head of radius 5. What movement pair is available at both the humeroradial and humeroulnar joints? Flexion/extension Pronation/supination 6. Demonstrate these actions using the bones. Task F: Proximal Radioulnar Joint Structure and Function (use an articulated radius and ulna to answer the questions) 1. What is the structural classification of the proximal radioulnar joint? Uni-axial pivot joint 2. What boney structures articulate to form the proximal radioulnar joint? Head of radius Radial notch of ulna 3. Degrees of freedom & movements A. How many degrees of freedom does the proximal radioulnar joint have? 1 B. What movement pair is available at this joint? Pronation/supination (internal/external rotation) C. Identify the planes and axes associated with the pair of movements Oblique plane/axis 4. Demonstrate these actions using the bones. Task G: Elbow Complex Ligaments Identify the ligaments on an elbow model. 1. Radial collateral ligament 2. Ulnar collateral ligament 3. Annular ligament Task H: Wrist Joint Structure and Function (use an articulated radius and hand to answer the questions) 1. Looking at an articulated forearm and hand model, identify the joints of the wrist complex. a. Distal radioulnar b. Radiocarpal c. Midcarpal d. Intercarpal e. Carpometacarpal

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KNH 244L Lab 4 In-Class Activity 2. What is the structural classification of the radiocarpal joint? condaloid joint 3. What boney structures articulate to form the radiocarpal joint? Distal radius Scaphoid Lunate triquetrum 4. Degrees of freedom & movements A. How many degrees of freedom does the radiocarpal joint have? 2 B. What movement pairs are available at the radiocarpal joint? Flexion/extension Abduction/adduction C. Identify the planes and axes associated with each pair of movements Flexion/extension- sagittal plane, mediolateral axis Radial/ulnar deviation- frontal plane, anteroposterior axis 5. Demonstrate these actions using the bones. Task I: Hand Joint Structure and Function (use a hand to answer the questions) 1. Looking at bones of the hand, identify the following joints: a. Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) 1-5 b. Proximal interphalangeal (PIP) 1-5 c. Distal interphalangeal (DIP) 2-5 2. What is the structural classification of the MCP joints? Multiaxial condyloid joint Hinge? 3. Degrees of freedom & movements A. How many degrees of freedom do the MCP joints have? 2 B. What movement pairs are available at MCP joints? Flexion/extension Ulnar/radial deviation D. Identify the planes and axes associated with each pair of movements Flexion/extension- sagittal plane, mediolateral axis Ulnar/radial deviation- frontal plane, anteroposterior axis 3. What is the structural classification of the PIP and DIP joints? Synovial hinge 4. Degrees of freedom & movements A. How many degrees of freedom do the PIP and DIP joints have?

KNH 244L Lab 4 In-Class Activity 1 B. What movement pair is available at these joint? Flexion/extension C. Identify the plane and axis associated with the pair of movements Flexion/extension- sagittal plane, mediolateral axis Task J: Wrist and Hand Ligaments 1. Identify the ligaments of the wrist on the wrist/hand model 1. palmar/volar radioulnar ligament 2. dorsal radioulnar ligament 3. ulnar collateral ligament 4. radio colateral ligament 5. palmar radiocarpal 6. dorsal radiocarpal 2. Identify examples of the following ligaments of the fingers on the wrist/hand model a. Ulnar collateral ligaments of MCPs, PIPs, and DIPs b. Radial collateral ligaments of MCPs, PIPs, and DIPs