MARYANN_LESHAJ_LAB_4

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Jan 9, 2024

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OHM’S LAW Lab 4 Maryann Leshaj 10.5.2023 EMT 1150-D374 Professor Xu
TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 2: Objective, Materials, Procedure Pages 3 - 8: Results Pages 8 - 9: Conclusion Pages 9 - 23: Appendix 1
OBJECTIVE The goal of this lab is to learn how breadboards work. We will build interchangeable circuits using resistors, wires, a breadboard, switches, and a power supply. We will also learn how to use a multimeter to measure voltage and current within a circuit. MATERIALS For this lab, you need the Multisim application, a breadboard, resistors, a switch, wires, a power supply, and a multimeter. PROCEDURE Part A In this lab we will learn how to build physical circuits. For the first circuit, you need to build it on Multisim and on a breadboard, and use the Multimeter to measure its current and voltage over the resistor in each circuit. To measure voltage with the Multimeter, make sure the red wire is plugged in where it says (V) and the black one is in COM. Turn the dial to a voltage higher than yours but not too high. Take both wires and touch the metal tips to either side of the resistor, your reading is the voltage over that resistor. To measure current, you must first plug the red wire into the other port where it is labeled for current, and turn the dial to a current higher than yours but not too high. Then, you must break the circuit after the resistor, and touch either metal tip to both open parts of your circuit, so you are essentially completing it. Your reading is the current over that resistor. Do this in Multisim and on the breadboard and compare the results. For the second circuit, we are only using a breadboard. First, measure the current and voltage over the components with the switch open, and then with the switch closed. Compare your results. For the third circuit, keep the switch closed, and measure current and voltage like that. Part B For the first circuit, build it in Multisim. After that, measure the current, resistance, and voltage of it. Then, decrease the E to 8V and measure again. Repeat these steps for 4V, 2V, and 1V. Record your results, then repeat all of those steps but using a circuit you built on 2
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a breadboard. Compare your results. Then, use Ohm’s law to calculate the resistance and P = VI to calculate power for each voltage level. Repeat all of those steps for the next circuit but instead of using Ohm’s law to calculate resistance, use it to calculate current. Repeat those steps for the third current as well, but instead of using Ohm’s law to calculate current, use it to calculate voltage. RESULTS Part A The measurements for the voltage and current are slightly different on the breadboard than multisim. 3
When the switch is open, there is no voltage throughout the circuit. There is more voltage over R1 than R2. There is no current flow when the switch is open. Current is constant through both resistors. 4
Voltage is constant in R2 and R3, but current is not. R1’s voltage and current are not constant with R2 and R3’s. 5
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Part B When voltage decreases, resistance remains constant, current and power decrease proportionally. 6
When voltage decreases, current and power decrease proportionally. Calculations of current match measurements. 7
When voltage decreases, current and power decrease proportionally. Calculations of voltage match measurements. CONCLUSION This lab taught us a lot about the relationships between current, voltage, resistance, and power. It also showed us that multisim and breadboard circuits will give you slightly different results. This is because hardware has imperfections that lead to a reading that is slightly off. Multisim is a way of conceptualizing an ideal circuit. We learned that current and voltage are directly proportional, i.e. as current/voltage increases, so does the other. I also learned that current and resistance are inversely proportional, as 8
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resistance increases, current decreases. Overall, this lab was very informative, and really helped to deepen my understanding of how changing one aspect of a circuit might affect many other parts. 9
APPENDIX 10
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22
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