ASSIGNMENT 3
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ASSIGNMENT 3 - SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, CMMI, AND ITIL.
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2
Describe the software engineering process
.
Software engineering processes constitutes sets of activities involved in the management
and the creation of the software right from collection of the requirements, design, coding, testing
and the future maintenance plans. Software engineering methods is a formal way of approaching
software development where a project is divided into several phases in order to enhance the
design, control the quality, highlight potential challenges and manage the development
effectively (Jabangwe, 2018). Software development process occurs in stages of Software
Development Lifecycle. These stages include includes definition of requirements, system and
software design, implementation and unit testing, integration and system testing, and operation
and maintenance.
There are several challenges associated with the management of software development
activities.
One of the core challenges include security. Software development faces the threat of
inclusion of spyware, malware, viruses, or spams within the system’s code. Unless these threats
are regularly checked and certified, it may introduce bugs that might render the system useless.
Systems are developed by teams, this poses a threat to its development. Authenticating and
configuring several system parts also poses a threat to development timelines; especially where
software development is not standardized. It often takes a couple of weeks to configure the
developed system with other parts or the existing system for heterogeneity purposes. Other
challenges include poor communication, inadequate testing, and failure to understand end-user
desires/requirements.
One of the interfacing issues that is likely to be experienced concerns usability.
Usability
issues are normally more difficult to specify compared to functional requirements. Compromise
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of the design is also another possible interfacing issue. Depending on the system to be interfaced
with, system designers often compromise the appearance design to make the systems compatible.
Sometimes, the delays in the interfacing often leads to the general delay which can be costly.
Analyze the CMMI levels and define a road map
.
CCMI offers an all-inclusive framework that stimulates process maturity. It comes along
with different practices that facilitates process maturity. Most organizations utilize CCMI to
enhance software development life cycle. CCMI constitutes five levels. CCMI 3 constitutes IT
systems development activities including schedule, management of cost, engineering support,
and organization (Ramírez‐Mora, 2020). CCMI 3 implies being able to fulfill all the
requirements of CCMI 1 and CCMI2. It is required that the requirements and the standards of
each level have to be fulfilled before proceeding to the subsequent level. Each CCMI stage has a
has requirements that must be achieved before proceeding to subsequent levels. Proceeding to
the next stage implies making improvements in the previous road map. CCMI 3 implies that the
organization is performing at a defined level. In this level, processes are well understood and
characterized and are described in methods, tools, procedures, and standards. The diagram below
explores the processes needed to get to CCMI level 3.
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4
Explain the auditing tasks
.
Auditing tasks ensures that all the needs and requirements of CMMI level three are fully
satisfied in compliance with the organization’s standards, procedures, and requirements. Auditing
is a quality control program that enables the senior management, project staff, and the client to
analyze and review the outcomes of the audit. The organization has to go through this extensive
process with supporting documentation to ensure that it achieves level 3.
Additionally, the organization may have to reshape organizational cultures to emphasize
teamwork, customer’s importance, and personal accountability by redefining the roles and
responsibilities so that managers oversee processes and develop people by realigning information
systems to facilitate cross-functional processes and ensure that they work smoothly.
Determine the continuous assurance auditing activities
.
Part of the continuous assurance auditing activities constitutes auditing all the present
processes to ensure that they are not interrupted. The other auditing activity is designed to
examine CMMI 1 and CMMI2 to ascertain that they have attained all the required functionalities
and usability requirements. It is also important to carry out auditing of process changes to ensure
that they do not interfere with the scheduled processes. Changes in the project must be adopted
in an orderly way to ensure consistency is maintained in the implementation of the project. Every
project process must be treated as an asset and project standards and procedures must be
formulated for every activity before ensuring that it proceeds as scheduled.
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Analyze the ITIL service
.
One main challenges of IT managers are to synchronize and work with enterprises to
ensure high-quality IT service is delivered. This has to be achieved.
The Information
Technology Library ITIL provides specific criteria that has to be used to achieve better outcomes
("itinfo.am", 2019). It constitutes standards necessary to maintain IT services in an organization.
These standards come in form of an all-inclusive checklist of IT best tasks and responsibilities
including tasks that can be modified to meet organization’s IT needs. Each ITIL has to be
adopted based on specific requirements to enable service providers to support business
outcomes, facilitate business change, optimize customer experience, manage risks, and
continuously improve.
Examine how ITIL service management practices
.
ITIL and CMMI are two different maturity models which can complement each other
when used together. The deference between these two models is that CMMI is a technique for
process improvement in software development while ITIL emphasizes mainly on IT issues. For
an enterprise which intends to reduce the cost of operation, predictability, and quality of service,
CMMI-ITIL offers sets of best practices to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of IT
operations organization. CMMI-ITIL also facilitates compliance with regulations and simplifies
auditing processes.
Conclusion.
The software engineering process is a step by step procedures followed until the software
is fully implemented. Its main stages include definition of requirements, implementation, testing,
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integration, and maintenance. CMMI and ITIL are enhancement techniques, guidelines, and
principles that are used to ensure compliance throughout the software development lifecycle. The
use of these two techniques guarantees quality improvement and minimization of costs.
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References
itinfo.am
. Itinfo.am. (2019). Retrieved February 2022, from
http://www.itinfo.am/eng/information-technology-infrastructure-library-guide/
.
Jabangwe, R., Edison, H., & Duc, A. N. (2018). Software engineering process models for mobile
app development: A systematic literature review.
Journal of Systems and Software
,
145
, 98-
111.
Ramírez‐Mora, S. L., Oktaba, H., & Patlán Pérez, J. (2020). Group maturity, team efficiency, and
team effectiveness in software development: a case study in a CMMI‐DEV Level 5
organization.
Journal of Software: Evolution and Process
,
32
(4), e2232.