Quiz 3

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Oklahoma State University *

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History

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Apr 3, 2024

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Question 1 1 / 1 pts 1. The Baytul-Hikmah , or House of Wisdom , (select all that apply)... produced Arabic translations of works from Greek, Syriac, Persian, and other languages. was located in Damascus. was part of the Fatimid dynasty. was founded by the Umayyads. was a major center of translation for more than two centuries. was located in Baghdad. Question 2 1 / 1 pts 2. In the 10th century, a new dynasty broke away from the Abbasid Caliphate and created a new caliphate in North Africa, the Levant (parts of modern-day Middle East), and the Hejaz (part of modern-day Saudi Arabia). This new kingdom was known as... The Abbasid Emirate. the Shiite Empire of the Amirids. the Fatimid Caliphate. the Umayyad Caliphate of Córdoba. Question 3 1 / 1 pts

3. In the year 929 CE, ᶜAbd al-Raḥmān III declared himself caliph. As a result of this declaration (select all that apply)... he became the Islamic religious authority in Al-Ándalus. he joined with the Fatimid Caliphate. he took on the titles of Commander of the Faithful and Defender of the Religion of God. he severed political and economic dependence on the Abbasid Caliphate. he proclaimed the Umayyad Caliphate of Córdoba. he maintained a hierarchical relationship with the Abbasids and their capital in Baghdad. Question 4 1 / 1 pts 4. While Andalusi Christians largely converted to Islam or moved to Christian- controlled territories, many Andalusi Jews opted for a third path: they assimilated into the Islamo-Arabic culture of Al-Ándalus while also remaining devoted to their Jewish religious practices. True False Question 5 1 / 1 pts 5. As a physician, Hasdai ibn Shaprut was famous for rediscovering the formula for... a formula from mandrake root useful for treating poisonings. a panacea created by the goddess Panakeia.

a cure for the evil eye. theriac, a panacea useful in treating many illnesses, particularly poisoning. Question 6 1 / 1 pts 6. As a diplomat and statesman, Hasdai ibn Shaprut was known for (select all that apply)... designing the Mosque of Córdoba. serving as part of a delegation to Constantinople to meet with emperor Constantine VII. leading a group of translator to translate the work De Materia Médica by Dioscórides from Greek into Arabic. leading negotiations between the caliph and the Frankish delegation led by John of Gorze. becoming the gaon of the Jewish community. becoming the vizier of the caliph. Question 7 1 / 1 pts 7. In his role as nasi of the Jewish community of Al-Ándalus, Hasdai ibn Shaprut worked with the gaon , the leader of the international Jewish community, to set the Hebrew calendar, determine the dates for festivals, etc. True False

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Seeking to establish Sefarad, as the Iberian Peninsula is called in Hebrew, as the center of Jewish theological knowledge and learning, Hasdai broke with the gaon and declared that Andalusi Jewry would itself set its holy festivals and calendar. Question 8 1 / 1 pts 8. According to one medieval legendary interpretation, the city of Madinat al- Zahrā’ was named... for a type of flower. after a city in Damascus. after the almond blossom. after the favorite concubine of ᶜAbd al-Raḥmān III. Question 9 1 / 1 pts 9. Madinat al-Zahrā’ was a palatial royal residence and city that included ceremonial reception halls, mosques, administrative and government offices, gardens, a mint, workshops, barracks, residences, and baths. True False Question 10 1 / 1 pts 10. The Salón Rico of Madinat al-Zahrā’ was the most highly elaborate and decorated part of the palace complex. It included (choose four)... statues of Greek gods. a school room for the caliph's son.

columns of colored marble and pure beryl a huge pearl that hung from the ceiling. a pool of mercury. ceilings of gold, silver, and marble. Question 11 1 / 1 pts 11. To date, almost all of Madinat al-Zahrā’ has been excavated. True False Excavation of the city began in 1911 and, to date, only about 10% of the city has been unearthed and partially restored. In 2018, Madinat al-Zahra was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Question 12 1 / 1 pts 12. One of ᶜAbd al-Raḥmān III's final architectural achievements prior to his death was _____, which spoke to the ascendance of the House of Umayya. create a bell tower. build a new maqsura in the Mosque. extend the height of the minaret of the Mosque of Córdoba. finish Madinat al-Zahrā’. Question 13 1 / 1 pts

13. Al-Hakam II made two principal changes to the Great Mosque of Córdoba. These were (choose two)... the removal of many of the red and white arches to make more room for a growing congregation. the addition of a huge portico gate that opened onto the Plaza de Armas. the creation of an elaborately decorated mihrab covered with mosaics in gold and precious stones and Arabic calligraphy. the creation of a maqsura, or royal enclosure, that separated the mihrab from the rest of the congregation. Question 14 1 / 1 pts 14. Many Córdobans objected to al-Hakam’s luxurious modifications and expansions to the Mosque of Córdoba because... the caliph sought to create and egalitarian space. the caliph sought to distance and exalt himself above those he ruled. the caliph spent precious public funds on the project. the caliph made the space to decorative. Question 15 1 / 1 pts 15. The death of al-Hakam II and the ascension to the caliphal throne of his son Hisham II created a unique problem for the caliphate because Hisham was only 11 years old and could not rule on his own. True False

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Question 16 1 / 1 pts 16. Almanzor's desire to seize control of the Caliphate of Córdoba was hugely problematic because... he was a Berber. he was a military leader. he was not of the Umayyad royal line. he wanted to dismantle the caliphate. Partial Question 17 0.33 / 1 pts 17. Like the caliphs before him, Almanzor, having de facto seized rule of the caliphate, (choose all that apply)... enlarged the size of the armed forces. made a final, extreme round of enlargements to the Mosque of Córdoba. reconquered much territory from the Christians. constructed his own palatial city called Madinat al-Zāhirah. named himself a legitimate heir to the caliphal line. formed alliances with Christian kingdoms. Question 18 1 / 1 pts

18. Following the sacking of the city of Santiago de Compostela and of the tomb of St. James in 997 CE, Almanzor brought these back to Córdoba as spoils of war. a retinue of Berber warriors. Galician scallop shells. the relics of St. James. the church bells from the temple that house St. James's relics. Question 19 1 / 1 pts 19. The fatal error made by Almanzor's second son, Sanchuelo, was... trying to get himself declared legitimate caliph. leaving the northern borders open to Christian attacks. going off on a raid to the north. assassinating the caliph. Question 20 1 / 1 pts 20. The beginning of the end of the Umayyad Caliphate of Córdoba was marked by this event. the start of a civil war between Berbers and Arab Muslims the death of the queen mother, Subh the death of Almanzor

the sacking of Madinat al-Zahrā’ by Berber forces

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Quiz 3

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