2017 POLCO40H3S Syllabus(1)
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POLCO40H3S: 2017 Syllabus:
Course Readings and Writing the Essay
Proposal
“The Vice Regal Office in Canada:
from Champlain to Prorogation 2012”
Monday from 11:00am -1:00pm,
MW110.
Instructor:
David C. Onley
Office:
MW243
Office Hours
: Monday’s or by appointment.
Email:
david.onley@utoronto.ca
Course Description and Learning Objectives:
Who are we as Canadians today in the 21
st
Century?
How have vice regal office holders, our Governors General and
Lieutenant Governors, shaped our nation and its institutions over
the last 480 years?
The objective of the course is to show how the vice regal position
in general and selected vice regal representatives in particular,
have helped enhance and sometimes hindered our political
system, past and present. Moreover, we will seek to show that
the vice regal office has helped to define our unique political
system.
Required Texts:
1.
Jackson, D. Michael, (2013) “The Crown and Canadian
Federalism”, Introduction: The Crown in Canada. (Hereafter
listed simply as “Jackson”)
2.
Tidridge, Nathan, (2015) “The Queen at the Council Fire”,
Dundurn Toronto.
1
3.
Dodek, Adam, (2013) “The Canadian Constitution”, Dundurn,
Toronto.
4.
Smith, David E., (2013) “The Invisible Crown: The First
Principle of Canadian Government”, U f T Press.
5.
A General History of Canada:
This course combines Biography, History, and Political
Science for a comprehensive understanding of the role of
Canada’s Vice Regal Office.
It has become clear to me however from past classes, that
students who are either not familiar with Canadian history or
who have not taken a Canadian history course since high school,
may struggle somewhat coming to grips with the underlying
historical narrative which spans from Champlain in the early
1600’s to our current Governor General David Johnston.
As such, in addition to the specific texts that will be listed in the
Syllabus, I strongly recommend you purchase anyone one of a
series of good, general Canadian History texts.
These include:
*Morton: A Short History of Canada (2007),
*Gillmor & Turgeon: Canada: A People’s History (2000),
*Bumsted: A History of the Canadian Peoples (2007) or
*Bothwell: The Penguin History of Canada.
In addition, the UTSC Library has a good collection to draw
upon.
You may have your own favourite text but regardless, I suggest
you keep a copy close by for reference purposes as we move
chronologically through Canada’s history with a specific
emphasis on the Vice Regal Office.
In addition, a useful biographical online source for quick
reference is
http://www.biographi.ca/en/about_us.php
.
2
Course Requirements, Grading and Due Dates:
The Grading will consist of these components:
*Intro Assignment (5%)
*Class Participation and Attendance (10%)
*Essay Proposal (20%), Due February 6
th
, 2017.
*Research Essay of 3,000 words (30%), Date March 13
th
, 2017.
*Secondary Assignment (5%), Due March 20
th
*Final Exam (30%) during Spring Exam period, date TBD.
*
AIM Workshop Bonus:
2%
Late Penalty:
Research Proposals or Research Essays that are handed in
after the Due Dates will be deducted by 5%. A doctor’s note
will be required to nullify the deduction.
Topics for Essay Proposal
Listed below are the five topics you may choose for your Essay
Proposal. You are welcome to develop your own topic but you
must first contact me and discuss it with me outside of class.
1.
The fall of New France at the end of the Seven Years' War
was regarded as a tragedy by its inhabitants. In subsequent
years,
especially after Confederation, it was the British tradition
of parliamentary democracy that effectively safeguarded French
culture.
To what extent does the legacy of New France, negative
and positive, affect Canadian politics today?
2.
Discuss how the Rebellions of 1837 were as much a failure of
vice regal leadership in the immediate years prior to the
outbreak of violence, as were the flaws of the Constitutional Act
1791.
3
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3.
Created over two hundred and twenty years ago, the role of
the Vice Regal Office has been reduced and modified greatly yet
remains widely respected.
Is the vice-regal office replaceable as
a "monarchical institution"? Discuss meaningful aspects of the
provincial vice-regal offices that would be difficult to delegate to
other officials if Canada was not a constitutional monarchy.
4. Discuss a modern instance of a governor general or
lieutenant governor used their vice-regal office to impact the
social and/or cultural development of their jurisdiction (federal
or provincial). Were these vice regal representatives over-
stepping the bounds of their authority or acting within the
accepted definitions of Bagehot’s right “to be consulted, to
encourage and to warn”?
5. What role can the modern Dignified Crown play in
reconciliation with Indigenous Peoples? Discuss the historic
relationship between the vice-regal offices and Indigenous
Peoples in their jurisdictions. Conclude with suggestions for what
can be done in the 21st century by the Dignified Crown to further
reconciliation
Academic Integrity Matters (AIM) Workshop
If you would like to earn a bonus 2% mark added to your course
total, I
strongly urge
you to attend one of the two the upcoming
Academic Integrity Matters or AIM Workshops.
Together with colleagues in Academic Advising, The Writing
Centre, the English Language Development Centre, and the
International Student Centre, we put on workshops each term to
address the issue of Academic Integrity at UTSC, including
identifying offences, and how to avoid the pitfalls that can lead to
such offences.
The AIM Workshops will be held on Monday, January 30
th
, 12-
1pm AA16o and Wednesday, February 8th, 1-2pm, AA160. You
4
can obtain more information at
http://www.utsc.utoronto.ca/aacc/academic-study-skills-
workshops
and sign up via the Intranet.
While the Monday, January 30
th
Workshop conflicts with the
second hour of our class, you may leave in time for the
Workshop. Alternatively, please consider attending the
Wednesday, February 8
th
Workshop instead.
Academic English Health Check
Consistent with academic integrity is quality writing. Developing
your writing skills is a constant process whether you are in first
year or about to graduate. Accordingly, I also urge my students
to attend one of the 16 Academic English Health Check held at
various times between Tuesday January 3rd and Monday the 9
th
.
You can sign up by accessing this link:
http://www.utsc.utoronto.ca/eld/academic-english-health-check-
schedule
Writing Centre:
In addition, be sure to take advantage of the UTSC Writing
Centre with information at
http://www.utsc.utoronto.ca/twc/welcome
Turnitin.com
For both the Essay Proposal and the Essay are concerned, we
will be utilizing the Turnitin.com system. Accordingly, the
following quote below was prepared by the University lawyers
and is available on our website on the Turnitin page, under the
Conditions of Use section at:
http://www.teaching.utoronto.ca/teaching/academicintegrity/turn
itin/conditions-use.htm
"Normally, students will be required to submit their course
essays to Turnitin.com for a review of textual similarity and
detection of possible plagiarism. In doing so, students will allow
their essays to be included as source documents in the
5
Turnitin.com reference database, where they will be used solely
for the purpose of detecting plagiarism. The terms that apply to
the University's use of the Turnitin.com service are described on
the Turnitin.com web site".
You are permitted, under our conditions of use, to opt-out of
using Turnitin. If a student chooses not to submit their
assignment through Turnitin, an alternative arrangement will be
used to check the authenticity of submitted work. You will not be
penalized for choosing to opt out.
If you do opt out, a hard copy of assignments and essays will be
requested along with all of your rough work. Electronic copies
will be submitted through Turnitin.
A 1-page document that provides the basic steps for students to
set up your own accounts and submit papers is available at:
http://www.teaching.utoronto.ca/teaching/academicintegrity/turn
itin/guide-students.htm
. “
Essay Proposal and Research Essay Due Dates:
Whether you use Turnitin or not, the Essay Proposal due
February 6
th
and the Research Essay due March 13
th
must also
be submitted as an email attachment to my UTSC address
:
david.onley@utoronto.ca
.
Final Exam: Date TBA
The Final Exam will be two hours long with two parts, each
worth 50% of the total.
The first half will consist of a list of 8 terms, dates or events of
which you will select 5 and provide short answers on the
meaning of the term, the significance of the date, the role of key
individuals and its place in Canadian History. So be sure to stay
on top of new terms as we go through the course.
The second half of the exam will be one essay chosen from 3
topics covered in the course
.
6
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Academic Integrity:
The university takes academic offences seriously. Inadvertent
mistakes under heavy workloads can lead to incorrect
procedures in terms of paper preparation.
As such, please examine
http://www.writing.utoronto.ca/advice/using-sources/how-not-to-
plagiarize
for an incisive article on academic integrity and how to
avoid mistakes.
Accessibility Services:
Students requiring any form of assistance because of a learning
or other disability should inform me and contact UTSC
AccessAbility Services,
http://www.utsc.utoronto.ca/~ability/
as
soon as possible. There is no reason or need to struggle
unnecessarily when reasonable accommodation is available and a
regular part of academic life at UTSC.
Email Policy:
Be sure to use your U of T email when corresponding with me.
Please include the course code POLCO40H3S in the Subject line.
I endeavour to reply to all emails within 48 hours of receipt.
Outline of Weekly Topics and Course Readings
Lecture One: Course Themes and Objectives (January 2
nd
)
Two Fundamental Quotes:
The rule of law is fundamental to the western democratic
order. Aristotle said more than two thousand years ago, "The
rule of law is better than that of any individual."
And, Lord Chief Justice Edward Coke quoting Bracton said in
the case of Proclamations (1610) 77 ER 1352: "The King
7
himself ought not to be subject to man, but subject to God and
the law, because the law makes him King".
1. Canada has always been a Constitutional Monarchy:
http://www.parl.gc.ca/About/Senate/Monarchy/senmonarchy_00-
e.htm
2.
Jackson, Canada - Historically a Constitutional Monarchy,
Pages 17-27, “American democracy revolted against the
Crown; Canadian democracy evolved from the Crown.”
3. A Monarch who reigns but does not rule:
http://www.monarchist.ca/en/constitution-en
4. The Importance of the Queen Won’t Disappear under Trudeau:
http://ottawacitizen.com/opinion/columnists/lagasse-the-
importance-of-the-queen-in-governance-wont-disappear-under-
trudeau
5. New Canadian renounces oath to the Queen, pledges 'true'
loyalty only to
Canada:
http://www.cbc.ca/beta/news/canada/toronto/oath-allegiance-
queen-dror-1.3343188
Lecture Two: New France to the Seven Years War, (January
9
th
)
1.
First explorers to the North America, Cabot and Cartier.
Exploration and the fur trade but no real colonization.
2.
The first European Commission. Champlain represents the
French King Henry IV in 1604 establishing and unbroken line
of vice regal representatives to modern times.
http://www.uppercanadahistory.ca/finna/finna2.html
3.
The Seven Years War 1756-63, the first global war, and the
withdrawal of France from North America.
http://www.uppercanadahistory.ca/wm/wm1.html
4.
French-British Rivalry in North America:
http://www.slmc.uottawa.ca/?q=french-british_rivalry
8
Lecture Three: British North America Part One (January
16
th
)
1.
Magna Carta, the Royal Proclamation and Treaty of Niagara:
http://www.magnacartacanada.ca/the-royal-proclamation-and-
treaty-of-niagara-as-an-indigenous-magna-carta/
2.
The Royal Proclamation:
http://www.slmc.uottawa.ca/?q=royal_proclamation_1763
3.
Tidridge, The Queen at the Council Fire: The 1764 Treaty of
Niagara and the Covenant Chain of Friendship, Pages 49-76
4.
Aboriginal Perspective: The Seven Years War and Royal
Proclamation.
http://firstpeoplesofcanada.com/fp_treaties/fp_treaties_brconq
uest_proc1763.html#top
Lecture Four: British North America Part Two, Guest
Lecturer Nathan Tidridge (January 23
rd
)
1.
Nathan Tidridge Commentary on the Aboriginal Reality then
and now.
2.
Reflections on the Crown Conference, Victoria, January 14-16,
2016.
3.
Sir Guy Carleton, soldier, Governor, force for Bilingualism
http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/carleton_guy_5E.html
Lecture Five: from the Constitutional Act to Rebellion and
Responsible Government (January 30th)
1.
Constitution Act 1791 establishing Upper and Lower Canada
http://www.canadiana.ca/citm/themes/constitution/constitution
8_e.html
2.
John Graves Simcoe, an Anti-slavery province, British Courts
system
9
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http://www.dundurn.com/books/john_graves_simcoe_1752_1806
3.
The Rebellions of 1837-1838:
http://faculty.marianopolis.edu/c.belanger/quebechistory/encyc
lopedia/Rebellionsof1837-38-Wallace.htm
4.
Slideshow of the Rebellion in Lower Canada
http://www.slideshare.net/norm52/rebellions-of-1837-1838-
power-point
Lecture Six: Act of Union (February 6
th
)
5.
Durham and the Durham Report
http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/confederation/023001-
2100-e.html
6.
Responsible Government in Nova Scotia, 1848.
“The Parliamentary Tradition in Nova Scotia”,
http://www.revparl.ca/english/issue.asp?param=109&art=586
7.
Early British Governors, from Durham to Lord Elgin, “The
Durham Report and Its Solutions:
https://slmc.uottawa.ca/?
q=durham_report
8.
Canada’s Forgotten Independence Day: Lawrence Martin,
http://www.theglobeandmail.com/globe-debate/canadas-forgotten-
independence-day/article17414176/
Lecture Seven: The Union Period 1841-1867 (Feb 13th)
1.
Two Nations In a Single State:
http://www.uppercanadahistory.ca/finna/finna7a.html
2.
The Durham Report, original text:
http://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/courses/lawdemo/webread/durham.ht
m
3.
The Union Period: 1841-1867, The Durham Report
http://www.countriesquest.com/north_america/canada/history/t
he_union_period_1841-1867/the_durham_report.htm
10
4.
Lord Elgin:
http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/bruce_james_9E.html
February 20
th
, No Class, Family Day and Reading
Week.
Lecture Eight: Prorogation of 1873 and VR Decisions (Feb
27
th
)
1.
No Discretion: On Prorogation and the Governor General
http://www.revparl.ca/english/issue.asp?
param=203&art=1417
2.
Discretion and the Reserve Powers of the Crown:
http://www.revparl.ca/english/issue.asp?
param=204&art=1430
3. Steve Paikin,
The Caretaker Convention: Part II
http://tvo.org/blog/current-affairs/guest-post-the-caretaker-
convention-part-ii
Lecture Nine: The Judicial Committee (March 6
th
)
1. The Feminization of the Crown: The Role of the GG’s Consort
in post-Confederation Canada, 1867-1898:
http://digitool.library.mcgill.ca/R/?func=dbin-jump-
full&object_id=67521&local_base=GEN01-MCG02
2. Jackson, The Provincial Crown in Canada - from Subordinate
to Coordinate, Pages 85-104.
3.
Smith, David E., (2013) “The Invisible Crown: The First
Principle of Canadian Government”, U f T Press., Pages 1-37.
11
Lecture Ten:
The King-Byng Affair & Dissolution, (March
13
th
)
1. Jackson, Pages 55-65.
2. The Evolution of the Canadian Crown:
http://www.canadiancrown.com/uploads/3/8/4/1/3841927/evolv
ing_canadian_crown.pdf
3.
The King-Byng Affair
http://faculty.marianopolis.edu/c.belanger/quebechistory/feder
al/kingbyng.htm
4.
The Balfour Formula 1926:
http://usd.ff.cuni.cz/?
q=system/files/kovar%2C%20valkoun.pdf
Lecture Eleven: Prorogation (March 20
th
)
1.
No Discretion: On Prorogation and the Governor General:
http://www.revparl.ca/english/issue.asp?
param=203&art=1417
2.
Jackson, Pages 241-245, 253-262, 269-273.
Lecture Twelve: Whither the Vice
Regal Office? (March 27
th
)
Course Review and Exam Preview.
WRITING THE POLC40H3S RESEARCH PROPOSAL
In response to some questions about writing the research
proposal, I have prepared this posting. I surveyed various
universities’ outlines on preparing research proposals and
decided to borrow significantly from Waterloo’s outline as I felt it
was the most precise and best meets our needs.
A research proposal should convince the reader that you have an
interesting and significant question to research and that there is
some reasonable guarantee that you will be able to complete the
research required to answer the question.
12
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It is not simply a statement of interest but should indicate that
you have identified the important questions in that topic area,
thought about the answers one might expect to find to those
questions, considered how to go about answering those
questions, and have done some preliminary work in determining
whether the information needed to answer the questions is
actually available. This requires both some background reading
and initial research.
This research proposal should be written double spaced and be
no longer than three pages and remember the Bibliography does
not count in the page total.
The Research Proposal for POLCO40H3S should be structured
according to the outline below. To help you block out your first
draft, answer each of the following questions in 25 words or less.
If you find yourself struggling at this early stage, then consider
one of the other topics.
Outline:
1. The Question.
Which topic question have you decided to
answer?
2. The Hypothesis.
What do you expect that the answer(s) will
be?
3. The Statement of Significance.
Why should anyone care?
In other words, is there relevance to your statement?
4. The Research Strategy.
What evidence will be required to answer the question?
What will the evidence look like if your hypothesis is right?
What will the evidence look like if your hypothesis is wrong?
5. Data/Literature Survey and Bibliography.
Where will you get your evidence and is it actually available?
13
Have other people written on this question and, if so, what have
they said?
By answering the questions you will have effectively created the
outline for your actual paper. As stated by one academic advisor:
“If you get the proposal right, all you have to do after that is
execute the research program and determine whether the
findings confirm or reject the hypothesis spelled out in the
proposal. That is, the most important thinking needs to be done
at the proposal stage. The greatest returns to investment of your
time are likely to be at the proposal stage.”
This research proposal should be written double spaced and be
no longer than three or four pages and remember, the
Bibliography does not count in the page total. Having completed
the rough draft covering the above 5 points, then proceed to the
Detailed Outline, that is, your Essay Proposal.
Detailed Outline:
1. The Question.
What question(s) do you intend to answer?
The question needs to be framed such that is sufficiently narrow
that you can come up with a hypothesis (a suspected answer) and
a research strategy but also sufficiently broad that you can
convince others that it is a significant question.
2. The Hypothesis.
What do you expect that the answer will
be? Remember, it is crucial that your hypothesis is testable and
falsifiable, i.e.; it must be possible to imagine that the empirical
evidence could demonstrate the hypothesis to be wrong.
(Otherwise your argument is tautological -- self-evidently true.)
Remember, it is better have a "brittle" hypothesis (one that is
carefully specified in detail so that there is the possibility that it
may empirically turn out to be wrong) and be proven wrong than
to have a tautological hypothesis (that can't be proven wrong)
and have the evidence confirm your argument. In a tautological
argument, the evidence always supports the hypothesis.
14
3. The Statement of Significance.
The most infuriating but
most common question researchers face is "So what?" You
demonstrate something and then someone comes along and asks
why they should care! It is important that you think in advance
about the significance of the question you are asking. What are
the implications if you are right? What if you are wrong? Will
anyone else care and why should they?
4. The Research Strategy.
The research proposal needs to
outline how you intend to answer the question and test your
hypothesis. That is, when you are doing "research," what is it
that you will be doing? A common mistake in research proposals
is to carefully frame the question and then simply say, "I'll
answer this question by doing research."
5. Data/Literature Survey and Bibliography.
The purpose of
the data/literature survey and bibliography is to convince the
reader that that proposal has not simply been written off the top
of your head. Once you have outlined how you will answer the
question, the proposal should convince the audience that you
have determined in advance that the research project can
actually be completed. The danger at this stage is that you've
outlined the question, thought about how to test the hypothesis,
but then find out that the data you need do not exist or are not
available. The research proposal stage requires that you have at
least thought about where you will get the data and information.
Finally, your end product may differ somewhat from the above
depending on the nature of the question you answer and the
research sources you find but in general the Essay Proposal
should show structure, content and research and be expressed in
fully written sentences as opposed to bullet points.
15
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