History Notes January 19, 2023

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Oct 30, 2023

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History 1001 Notes January 19, 2023 Trojan War: Volkwandurng- wondering of people; they drifted from Greece in 2500 BC -we don’t know where the Myceneans came from. - 1200 BC the war began east and north of Greece; Russia, Ukraine and we don’t know what the language is they had or where they came from. We know when they arrived and what we call them now. The Dorian invasion they began to drift into Greece from the Athens generations after the trojan war. They invaded Italy which is now France. In 1190 they took the city of Euagaric. In the 1000 they were defeated by Egyptians. The Myceneans did not defeat the Dorians; the Dorians took over slowly. Over 3 centuries. The tribes moving into the roman empire. In the 19 century, 35 million people came to the US from Latin America, Asia, Africa, and Canada. They all moved because of family. There is a Faulk movement going on right now as we speak. By 1150 to 1100 it is steady now. In troy the invasion began earlier. The result is it destroyed Mycenean Greece. There’s not much flat level land it’s all hilly. Population is small and scattered. A lot of sheep and goats. There is s lot of bread. The Dorians as they drifted in separated the castles from the peasants. Athens was never conquered. Dorians settled in the valley. The Doran’s merged in with the Greeks. The Greek language remained. The Greeks were mostly all the population. The trojan war began with the judgement of Paris. He judged of what Greek was the most attractive basically, best looking. It was Hera the wife and sister of the king of the gods Zeus. She offered power. Athena offered wisdom. Fergana offered love of the most beautiful woman of the world. Helen was the daughter of Zeus himself. Paris took the bride and offered the golden apple to burgundy. Paris went to visit, and he fell in love with troy . A myth is a narrative of Truth in which everything is true but the story itself. Zeus was leading on other women and tried to deny it. Homer 775 BC. Nostos got on a ship and hit a rock and ship sunk for the first homecoming.

Everyone back in school in Athens were all taught Homer language. January 24, 2023, Ethics- Relationships 1. Oikos- health and home 2. Genos a. - clan 3. Nomos a. - Customs 4. Land 5. Religion Polis- city state 1. Literacy 2. Law 3. Trade and manufacturing 4. Government 5. Religion 6. Politeia - Citizenship - Public values - Constitution of the state Class Notes: The greeks called them ethnos. Ethnicity word comes from the word ethnos. Hearth and the slaves and the family lived like the oikos. Basic element of the social fabric and was family oriented. Above an oikos is the clan. Those who are related. By marriage and by blood in a valley. There are places where they increase. Series of mountain valleys where everyone is related to everyone else. A Genos is not a government it is a relationship to define who you are. Nomos are not illiterate people. The customs were known to everyone. This is when we plow and when we have the festival. These are the people you may marry. Marrying someone outside of the clan was not good. Samson and Delilah. They married outside the clan and a disaster happened. Strength came from his hair and turned her into a slave. Customs were

irreversible. They could never change, and you must live by them. Land changes hands and it was sacred. It belonged to us. Land could not be sold it could be lost if the oikos was abirritated by war, but it wasn’t sold it was inherited and occupied. It was not just people living by the hearth now. It was a relationship that passed to the ancestors and sat in the spot I’m in today. Their time would be short just like today. The land was not a commodity it possessed me just as I possessed it. Religion-rebind. People- gods. People are bound to the Gods, and gods are bound to the people. People worshipped there are no rituals. Rituals must be performed. If there is a song, sing it. If there is a dance, dance. Worship is their duty to the Gods. The people live to the customs. Ancient religion was a contract religion. A contract between people and Gods. It ran both ways. God had duties just like us. They were all apart of the same thing. Animism is a general religious attitude everything has a spirit and a soul. The axe was used to kill the bull. Women would sit naked on the ground and could not have children. There was fertility. Mycenean Greeks. Religion was very controversial and important. MA ‘at the appropriate relationship between people and gods. His job was to create favoritism over the Egyptians. Ethnos goes back to 900s they were the Myceneans; trojan war 1200s. Athens and Careth. Amphoraz. Literacy was irrelevant. In town literacy was used. Places where violations of the law are judged. In town there was a new assumption. You didn’t farm you bought food. Zeus was the god of the sea. Athens came from Athena. Athens were required to send tribute. Menatar was half man half beast. Bc the mentor was a monster the Athenian children were fed to him. Theisis sent his son to get eaten by Menator. She gave him two gifts one was a sword to kill the beast and he got a string to find his way back. The tragedy didn’t stop after that. Athens had a mystic story. Why is Athena worshipped? The myths tell us what the Athenians thought of themselves. Mycenean castle that’s where the kings have lived. Peninsula is a trade route. EU is the Greek prefix for good or father. Eupatridae, Archons, and Aereopagus. Meritocracy means excellence

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rewarded. In 594 came the Solon the poet. He was a member of the Eupatridae. Athens was a small enough town which most people knew each other. Solon had shaking off burdens. He abolished death slavery. Democracy at home. Shaking off burdens. Imperial expansion abroad. January 31, 2023 Social Development: 1. Technology 2. Energy 3. Social Political Organization 4. Capticity to wage war the king of Libya. Libya was the territory in Turkey. It extended into the peninsula about 3 rd of the way. The mountains had gold. It was washed down into the streams. Money didn’t grow on trees, but it did sit at the bottoms of pools. The kingdom of Libya has a relationship with Ionia. The rich kingdom of Crisis, Mitis, and sometimes around 550 BC, King of Libya went to visit the article Pythia. People came to war over Greece. The place where the apothems sat. The Greek myth women have wisdom Athena is goodness. Pythia sat on a tripod and uttered that the god of apollo called her. Greece and Apollo where there to interpret for her. Never more than once a week. What will happen if I declare war against Persian? “A great empire will fall “He would defeat Persian” An empire did fall and it was Libya. Afghanistan is the biggest empire of the world. In 546 BC Sarus was taken by the Persians. Athens spoke the Ionian dialect. The ionone’s brought property and ideas. 539 Migration grew. The Persians were looking for taxes and money and Ionians were getting poor. 499 came the ionone colt. The hopes that the Persians existed. King of Kings and army rescued and defeated the Ionians. They sent 20 galleys to help the Ionian Sea. The galleys were useful. The leaders fled to Athens. The Persians were really irritated. And wanted war against Athens. The persianas sent an army across the Aegean sea. The place was landed was called Marathon it was a complex invasion.

“Combined arms” they pulled up tp the beach and had horses, food, bread, etc. There were galleys unloading. The Athenians mobilized. It was highly trained infantry. Shields from the neck to the ankles. “Keep in step and keep in time.” They all had shields and gavels. Cracking it from the front was difficult because of the armor. The army was massive 30,000-50,000. The Athenians were a lot smaller. Under 10,000. The flanks were protected. Persians unloaded horses and infantry. The morals were the cream of the infantry. Persians eye the Greeks; Greeks eye the Persians. The right wing of the boat swung them. The captain said to throw them overboard. People tried to stomp, and they got smushed by the boat behind them. It was a victory. Those who had fault at marathon. The Athenians 100 and something. We must march to Athens. We need to get there before the Persians. The people fell out they were exhausted. A huge empire was defeated by a city state. The Athenians thought that the war was over. It was not over; it was just getting started. It would involve the army and navy. There’s only one way to find out what to do is the article. Trust in your wooden walls. The ships were made of wood. The soldiers on board would torture people. They sophisticated campaign. The Greeks met the Persian army. Defeat of every attempt of attacks. The Persians took the city and burned it. 480 BC Themistocles were faster and beat them. First time since troy, Greeks from the west side were attacking across from the eugenia sea. By 474 it was finished. More than 15 years for Ion to find. Kemon returned and proposed to the Athenian people about returning to the land to restore the way it was before the war. It was opposed by parables. Athenian trade blossomed. Feb 9 Religion is the origin; religion is the origin and foundation of culture; culture comes from the cult. Greek culture is religious and mythic. Counterculture has to do with philosophy. Religion explains things to the gods, and it tells design truth. Philosophy

explains things in their own terms. Iononia and Sicily. Greek philosophy began after the turn of literacy. 1. What is the nature of all that is? – It meant what was substance. (science) 2. What is the nature of truth, justice, and morality? – Ethics 3. How do we know what we know? – Episteme (knowledge) mology Thales Beneath the diversity there is unity things appear different they are different. Unity if nature; unity of knowledge Heraclitus TOE: theory of everything What did everything have in common? They had isness. Isness is something that is something Balance is everything. Parmenides Anaximander – everything has bounds and limits. Democritus atoms Substance is substance Anything that has whatness has isness. Pythagoras- almost a mythic figure Protagerus. Man is the measure if all things: of things that are that they are: things that are not that they are not. Nature is unified but knowledge is not.

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