HIST 1421_ Written Assignment Unit 1 - AY2022-T3
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The Differences Between Athens and Sparta
University of the People
HIST 1421- AY2022-T3
Written Assignment Unit 1 2022, April 7
THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ATHENS AND SPARTA
1
Introduction
According to Khan Academy (n.d., para 2-3), several poleis were ministered separately by monarchs,
military organizations, and the tyrant, or Oligarchs, while looking at the function of the polis or city-state in Archaic and Classical-era Greece. Athens, Sparta, Thebes, Corinth, and Delphi were the most important polis. As a result, Athens and Sparta became the strongest polis. Both cities were significant in Greek society and culture, even though Athens was a democracy and Sparta had two kings and an oligarchic administration.
So, how did Athens and Sparta citizens obtain the right to participate in public life and make decisions affecting the community? Both city-states had similar yet different in their governmental structures. I will highlight the group that owned public office and the regulations that ruled the preference of
public office holders in each governmental structure. Even though Athens and Sparta had the same ideology of Greece culture and some government systems, they can be different because of the governing the city-state and the status of the person controlling
the people.
The Differences Between Athens and Sparta
Lloyd, J. (2012) mentioned that while Sparta is a military-controlled state, Athena's polis has a distinct culture and politics. Sparta's education emphasizes battle capabilities and strength, whereas Athens admires Classical Greek philosophers, playwrights, and painters.
The article of Khan Academy (n.d., paras 6-11) mentions that oligarchs and tyrants independently controlled the Poles. In Sparta, two kings are the monarchs and priests of Zeus. The monarchs are rich and powerful with the army in their hands, whether the priest of Zeus acts as king or council of elders. There was
also an executive committee of five ephors picked by lots from the citizen body, who could only serve for a year before becoming ineligible for further office. When one of the kings went on campaign, two ephors followed him. I guess that the picking of five ephors will need to go through the council priest before voting the selection of the representative as the five ephors. In the same way, the Priest council will need to approve any military campaign. I assumed this since Lanni, A (2008, p. 471) had mentioned that the oracle
THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ATHENS AND SPARTA
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and sanctuary at Delphi were lawfully supervised and preserved by the Amphictyonic Council, or priests that established the majority of Greek city-states.
Athens, in 507 BCE, could elect a political leader, whether rich or poor, as long as they met certain conditions. More towns are empowering citizens to vote and participate in government decisions through democratic governance initiatives. Poles with similar interests formed alliances for mutual security and protection. These ties ensured that the alliance's members fought for one another, culminating and establishing a formidable military force, according to Brand, P. J. (n.d.). Hence, Lloyd, J. (2012) said that the voting happened during Cleisthenes' time. Cleisthenes contributed to Athens' tribal system. Before Cleisthenes' reforms, there were only four tribes earlier, but Cleisthenes increased them to 10 tribes, each established by a slightly convoluted process. The tribes had been established by a collection of demes or small areas of habitation, which were then divided into thirty trittyes. A Deme can either be on a shore, a city, or an inland region based on its location. As a result, the trittyes were made up of 10 dimes from each of the three zones; each tribe had three
trittyes, one based on city names and one based on coast demes and interior domes. Furthermore, Athenians would derive their surname from their Deme rather than their father. In the end, many Athenian official positions started to be determined by the lot for the next public office holder or ruler.
Conclusion
In my opinion, city-states kept the same language, worshipped the same Greek gods, followed the same moral principles outlined in Homeric epics, and held regular panhellenic celebrations shared cultural heritage. To be fair, both Poles have voting systems.
Their difference is the voting and ruling system based on paragraphs 4 to 7. Athens established a democratic system and culture, whereas Sparta was a dictatorship. Polis was ruled by a few wealthy and powerful individuals who raised a massive army with their wealth and power to expand their power and fortune.
I feel that some governmental systems and ideals of the voting system were still practising as today in most countries. Do you think so?
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THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ATHENS AND SPARTA
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THE EFFECT OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION ON PAINTING AND/OR SCULPTURE 4
References
Brand, P. J. (n.d.).
Athens & Sparta: Democracy vs. dictatorship
. Retrieved from: https://my.uopeople.edu/pluginfile.php/57436/mod_book/chapter/38899/
HIST1421.U1.Athens.Sparta.pdf
Khan Academy. (n.d.). The Greek polis.
Khan Academy. Retrieved from: https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/world-history/ancient-medieval/classical-greece/a/
the-greek-polis
Lanni, A. (2008). The Laws of War in Ancient Greece. Law and History Review, 26(3), 469–
489. http://www.jstor.org/stable/27641604
Lloyd, J. (2012, August 8). Greek Archaic Period
. World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved from: https://www.worldhistory.org/Archaic_Period/