SOL Released Test Review

~— U Which factor had the greatest effect on the movements of early nomadic societies? A Mineral deposits B Religious beliefs e C Survival needs p— D Tribal treaties

The Indus River System Which empire is associated with this river system? — A Gupta Empire R e’ —— B Chinese Empire C Phoenician Empire D Babylonian Empire

- You only lose what you cling to. — Siddhartha Gautama This quotation best represents the religious views of — A Hindus B Zoroastrians \ ) C Buddhists D Jews

[W]e are called a democracy, for the administration is in the hands of the many and not of the few. This is a quotation from — S A Pericles N B Homer C Pythagoras D Hippocrates

S Emperor Constantine influenced the traditions of Western civilization by — - A sending Roman soldiers to the Middle East L _ B legalizing Christianity within the Roman Empire — C codifying Roman law in the Middle East D unifying Europe by founding the Holy Roman Empire

e Ca—n S » Belief in monotheism ¢ Jesus as Son and incarnation of God These statements describe characteristics of the early — A Buddhists B Muslims C Zoroastrians [ " D Christians

- Which art form is most associated with the Byzantine culture? A Tapestries S B Mosaics - C Sculpture D Music

Which institution in Western Europe had the most power during the Middle Ages? \or A The Church N N S B Merchant guilds () € The feudal system D Roman universities

"’ The cause of the split in Islam after Muhammad’s death was a difference of opinion concerning — A expansion U/ B leaders o C prayer D pilgrimages

U/ Which characteristic describes the earliest followers of Islam? A Nomads in West Africa B Migrated from Central Asia C Lived on the Arabian Peninsula D Sea traders from South Asia

p— "’ St. Basil’s Cathedral, Moscow “b« ¥ n?}'—:,‘;:rv T e ol s O coaViSuckptoln #2654218 Which civilization most influenced the architecture of this church? A Greek B Roman S C Byzantine N D Indian

S Whose codification of Roman law has strongly influenced European laws of today? A Marcus Aurelius . B Constantine R o C Augustus Caesar ~—' D Justinian

— U/ e Which belief is associated with Shintoism? A The gods interfere in human lives. B People will experience an afterlife. C Reincarnation depends on karma. " D People must respect nature spirits.

Which event helped to spread Islam in Africa? . A Establishment of trade with Timbuktu . B Conquest of Jerusalem .. € Relocation of capital to Baghdad . D Conquest of Damascus

-’ N The empires of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai benefited from being near the — A largest European cities _ B Mediterranean Sea C Red Sea coast - D Trans-Saharan trade routes

o \ ’ Declining population of Asia — Declining population of Europe Disruption of trade routes This sequence of events was caused by the — A beginning of the Crusades B fall of the Roman Empire € Hundred Years' War e D Bubonic Plague

S U Which city served as the capital of three empires at different times and under different names? A Athens B Moscow o C Constantinople . D Baghdad

" Kept records with knotted string Advanced practice of medicine including brain surgery Terraced farming as base of economy Which civilization best completes this diagram? ./ A Incan - .. € Egyptian ~ B Mayan D Persian

The Mayan and Aztec civilizations advanced the development of — o/ A calendars \ M -~ — . B printing . € ocean navigation D manufacturing goods

The Chaldeans [Saladin and his army] fought the battle fiercely for a few days and triumphed. The Christians were failing so by this time that scarcely twenty or thirty men appeared to defend the city walls. — 1187 This quotation describes the — A triumph of the Ottoman Turks at Tours _ B collapse of Rome as a result of the barbarian invasions ( € triumph of Pope Urban in retaking the Holy Land . D collapse of Western control of Jerusalem

During the Middle Ages, many Greek and Roman classics were preserved because they had been translated into — .. A Russian . B Persian . € Arabic _ D Chinese

Maior Classical Authors e Cicero e Homer e Qvid B © Sophocles Virgil During the Renaissance, these authors were most often studied by — . A bankers _ B humanists . € feudal lords — D parish priests

- 5 ’ S The movable-type printing press helped the Renaissance by — -~ A supporting the teachings of the Catholic Church B increasing the use of new accounting practices C motivating the analysis of Egyptian society D expanding the distribution of new ideas |

U/ Which statement best explains the migration of early humans? A Rise of civilizations displaced other people. B Natural disasters forced people to leave native lands. C People searched for new sources of food. D Religious conflicts made people leave disputed lands.

S ‘\-’ Emperor Constantine chose the location for a new capital partly for its distance from — A trade routes B feudal kingdoms A J C Germanic invaders N— D Mongol hordes

S—- The lack of arable land in Greece contributed to an economic system based on — A manufactured goods B shipping and trade ~r ~—r C agricultural production D lumber and minerals

Italian Peninsula Which number shows where Roman civilization first developed? Al B 2 C3 D 4

fa— N e Which primary factor encouraged Greek city-states to develop different identities? A Language _ B Religion C Economy D Geography

“c’ [ p— —— Many Incan cities were easily defended because they were built — A in canyons B in rainforests - € onislands D on mountaintops

Which regions were connected by the Silk Roads? . A East Asia and the Mediterranean basin _ B Western Europe and East Africa . C East Africa and Southeast Asia — D Northern Europe and the Mediterranean basin

Which phrase best describes the geographic location of the Mayan civilization? . A Rainforests in Central America ~—" R N’ S— (. B Deserts in Mexico C Woodlands of North America D Mountains of Brazil

The early river valley civilizations of Egypt and Mesopotamia developed governments that were ruled by — o A religious authorities N N B elected officials - € representative assemblies D tribal councils

According to this quotation, Christopher Columbus relied on technology that originated in — Monday, 17 September. Steered west and sailed, day and night, . . . The pilots took the sun’s amplitude [direction], and found that the needles varied to the northwest a whole point of the compass. — from the journal of Christopher Columbus, 1492 _ A China _ B Arabia ~ C ltaly . D Spain

R One characteristic of the Pax Romana was widespread — A cultural decline [ | S B economic prosperity | o C political conflict D social equality

Social Structure in the Roman Republic /\ I [ s\ Which choice belongs in this diagram? N~ A Patricians in section 1 - ] \ | S B Plebeians in section 1 C Consuls in section 2 D Emperors in section 2

~— N Ancient Athens was responsible for developing which concept in government? A Civil service B Elected legislatures e € Direct democracy S D Written laws

© Andy Green-AGMIT/IStockphoto #13817 When studying prehistoric people, cave drawings like this one allow archaeologists to — speculate about daily lives understand spoken languages interpret written records study farming techniques OO w>»

2 The ancient Hebrews were among the first to develop a religious tradition that included — F sacrifices G ancestor worship H holy pilgrimages J monotheism

3 What was the major change caused by the agricultural revolution? Increase of spoken languages End of hunting Development of permanent settlements Elimination of trade OO w>»

4 Which type of government was used in the Persian Empire? Religious oligarchy Republic Imperial bureaucracy Democracy “-Xroeom,m

5 Which text is a central document of Judaism? A Analects B Koran (Quran) C Torah D Upanishads

BRAHMINS Priests and scholars KSHATRIYAS Rulers and warriors VAISYAS Merchants and traders SUDRAS Peasants Untouchables What does this diagram represent? - Io Class system of China Political system of Greece Feudal system of Japan Caste system of India

ForV Which ancient writing system is illustrated in this picture? Chinese characters Phoenician alphabet Egyptian hieroglyphics Sumerian cuneiform OO w>»

8 Buddhists achieve enlightenment by following the — laws of the Old Testament decrees of the Upanishads Five Pillars Eightfold Path “-Xroeom,m

9 The Gupta Empire made a major contribution to world civilizations by developing — the concept of zero long-lasting roads the production of porcelain wind-powered boats OO w>»

10 Religious Beliefs of Ancient ? e Live in harmony with nature * Have a simple life e Exercise humility in all things Which region best replaces the question mark? China Greece Egypt Mesopotamia “-IIrom

11 The ruling authority of China’s ancient dynasties was based on the — Code of Hammurabi Mandate of Heaven Twelve Tables Ten Commandments OO w»

12 * Warfare between alliances led by Athens and Sparta » Lasted nearly 30 years * Ended the Golden Age of Pericles Which event is described in this list? F The Gallic Wars G The Peloponnesian War H The Trojan War J The Punic Wars

An Athenian citizen does not put private affairs before affairs of the state; even our merchants and businessmen know something about politics. We alone believe that a man who takes no interest in public affairs is more than harmless; he is useless. — Pericles, Funeral Oration In this quotation, Pericles describes Athenian society as valuing — military discipline civic responsibility religious freedom economic opportunity OO w»

14 Hippocrates made important contributions in the area of — poetry sculpture philosophy medicine “-IIromm

15 Which characteristic is associated with both the Roman and the Greek cultures? The rule of emperors An army of legionnaires Polytheistic religion Bicameral legislature OO w>»

16 The Pantheon Courtesy of Library of Congress #L.C-B2.2372-3(P&P) Mediterranean Region g R : - b3 O%e @ Which number on the map marks the location of this building? “-IIroeom LW N =

17 Europe Which number marks a province of the Roman Empire? OO w>» HW N -

18 Constantine brought a significant change to the Roman Empire by — banning monotheism writing a constitution moving the capital abolishing slavery “-IxTom

19 Which accomplishment is associated with Alexander the Great? The spread of Greek culture throughout the empire The introduction of Christianity to the Near East The defeat of the Chinese army in Asia The destruction of the Athenian navy in battle OO w>»

20 Which list places these events in the correct chronological order? “-IIrom 1,2,4,3 2,4, 3,1 3,1, 2,4 4,3,1,2 1. Assassination of Julius Caesar 2. Defeat of Marc Anthony 3. Formation of first triumvirate 4. Augustus becomes emperor

21 Monticello © Gene Krebs/iStockphoto #315502% Which civilization influenced the architecture in this picture? A Greek B Russian C Byzantine D Islamic

22 Division of the Church After 300 A.D. 1 2 Western Church Eastern Church ? ? Which information correctly completes this table? “-IIroeom Column 1—Centered in Constantinople Column 2—Centered in Rome Column 1—Accepted the authority of the Patriarch Column 2—Used Greek language in liturgy

23 Which empire was best known for libraries that preserved ancient Greek and Roman knowledge? A Mongol B Gupta C Chinese D Byzantine

24 The Battle of Tours was significant because it marked the — end of Muslim expansion into Western Europe end of the Crusades in the Middle East beginning of British dominance in Northern Europe beginning of Turkish rule in the Balkans “-Xroeom,m

25 The Dome of the Rock is an example of which civilization’s achievements in art and architecture? A Chinese B Greek C Islamic D Roman

26 The practice of Orthodox Christianity in Russia was primarily the result of contact with the — F Islamic Empire Persian Empire Mongol Empire Byzantine Empire - Io

27 © AyazadDreamstime #3465144 Which religion encourages its followers to make a pilgrimage to this site? A Islam B Hinduism C Buddhism D Christianity

28 Which factor strengthened both the Byzantine Empire and the empire of Charlemagne? F Unity between politics and religion G Respect for elders and ancestors H Studies of geography and medicine J Patrons of painters and sculptors

29 Ali, the fourth caliph, or successor of Muhammad, dies. What was one impact of this event? Muslim pilgrims no longer traveled to Medina. A permanent split occurred within the religion. Muslim teachers no longer made the Hajj. The desert tribes declared a lasting truce. OO w>»

30 One of the main accomplishments of Justinian was — -Io making Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire stopping the Islamic conquest of Western European territories reconquering territory that had once belonged to the Roman Empire defeating an invading army of Ottoman Turks

31 The Limpopo and Zambezi Rivers were boundaries for the empire of — A Kush B Nubia C Ghana D Zimbabwe

32 Major East Asian Religions Which religion belongs in the shaded part of this diagram? Buddhism Hinduism Confucianism Shintoism “-IIXroeom

33 Which map shows the Japanese archipelago?

" ® v (7 \& | . A 2 Which number marks the location of an African kingdom that adopted Christianity? “-IIXrom 1 2 3 4

35 Which characteristic was shared by the Aztec and Mayan civilizations? OO w>» S W N 1. Produced potatoes as a main crop 2. Believed in only one deity 3. Located in rainforest 4. Constructed pyramids

36 Ferdinand and Isabella unify the nation Finance exploration by Christopher Columbus B Charles V expands empire in the Western Hemisphere These events occurred in the nation-state of — “-IIrom France Russia England Spain

37 [Y]ou must apply the strength of your righteousness to another matter which concerns you as well as God. For your brethren who live in the east are in urgent need of your help, and you must hasten to give them the aid which has often been promised them. — Pope Urban, 1095 This speech helped to start the — OO w» Hundred Years’ War First Crusade Norman Conquest Holy Roman Empire

38 The first European universities were based on the scholarly contributions of — courts guilds manors monasteries “-IIXrom

39 The Magna Carta was important because it — established the right of assembly limited the power of the king ended the system of feudalism increased the influence of the church OO w>»

Europe 40 Which diagram indicates the spread of the Black Death? South Asia East Asia Europe Europe Sub- Saharan Africa North Africa Europe

41 Which movement had the greatest influence on the Renaissance? A Utopianism B Feudalism C Humanism D Romanticism

42 e Began as a band of nomadic warriors e Travelled great distances on horseback e Conquered China e Conquered Russia Which empire is described by these characteristics? “-IXxom Persian Empire Ottoman Empire Byzantine Empire Mongol Empire

43 Movable-Type Printing Press l ? l Rapid Spread of Ideas Which phrase completes this diagram? A Construction of Monasteries B Development of Guilds C Growth of Universities D Production of Books

44 During the Paleolithic Era, how did most early humans acquire food? By planting crops From domesticated animals By following animal migrations From nearby settlements “-IXom

45 Which number on this map represents the region where archaeologists Eastern Hemisphere believe the first humans appeared? OO w» HW N =

The ancient Hebrews established a civilization near which location? “-IIXrom HW N - Ancient Civilizations

47 Early Hellenic culture spread from Greece to Asia Minor as a result of — dynastic decline climate changes sea trade democratic elections OO w»

Greece Which number represents the location of ancient Athens? T N M w O X ™

The Spread of H ) Map Legend P A D % B s ) ¢ B o 656 ¥ ] 7o 750 What best completes the title of this map? L.} B C D the Plague Islam Judaism the Crusades

50 The Vikings who invaded Europe in the Middle Ages were from — Poland Russia Turkey Scandinavia “-xom