Chapter 22 Transoceanic Encounters and Global Connections
I.
Guided Reading Questions
1. What specific motives prompted European overseas voyages? Of all these motives, which do you think took
precedence? Defend your choice.
2. What new knowledge and technologies enabled fifteenth-century mariners to make long overseas voyages?
Where did much of this new technology originate?
3. What was Columbus's goal in setting forth across the Atlantic in 1492? Was his voyage successful?
4. What was the significance of Magellan's voyage of 1519–1522? What were the some of the challenges for
explorers of the Pacific Ocean?
5. What factors contributed to the dramatic economic growth and the ensuing population growth of Russia in the
eighteenth century?
6. What were some of the striking aspects of the battle for Hormuz, as recounted by Afonso d'Alboquerque? What
was the strategic importance of Hormuz?
7. How were the English and Dutch trading companies organized and administered? How were these companies able
to establish themselves in Asia?
8. Compare the Spanish conquest of the Philippines with the Dutch conquest of Indonesia. What kind of colony
emerged in each case?
9. What factors led to the Seven Years' War in the eighteenth century? What was the outcome, globally, of that
conflict?
10. What were some of the positive aspects of the Columbian Exchange? What were some of the destructive aspects
of this exchange? Give some specific examples.
11. Overall, what was the demographic impact (demography concerns the health and size of populations) of
European contact with the New World?
II.
Vocabulary Terms
Reconquista
Magnetic compass
Astrolabe
Dom Henrique
Vasco da Gama
Christopher Columbus
Ferdinand Magellan
Captain James Cook
Hormuz
Goa
Melaka
Cape Town
English East India Company
Spanish conquest of the Philippines
Seven Years' War
Columbian Exchange
Epidemic diseases
Manila galleons
