bhs350 The History of Behavioral Health1
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Dec 6, 2023
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Uploaded by JonicaMann
The History of Behavioral Health
Jonica Mann
College of Humanities and Social Science, Grand Canyon University
BHS-350: Report Writing, Research, and Information Literacy in Behavioral Health
Robert Gregory
August 13, 2023
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Introduction
Behavioral health, a field concerned with the mental and emotional well-being of
individuals, has undergone significant transformations over time, shaped by key historical events
that have left a lasting impact. This paper delves into the history of behavioral health, examining
three pivotal events: the impact of World War efforts, the deinstitutionalization movement, and
the creation of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). These events
have not only shaped the trajectory of behavioral health science but have also influenced the role
of behavioral health professionals.
World War and its Impact on Behavioral Health
The two World Wars of the 20th century had profound effects on society, including their
influence on behavioral health. During and after World War I, the psychological toll on soldiers
led to increased attention on mental health issues (Murthy, & Lakshminarayana, 2006). This
period saw the emergence of terms like "shell shock" and "combat fatigue," which were early
understandings of what we now identify as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The need to
address the psychological wounds of war spurred advancements in understanding and treating
mental health disorders (Murthy, & Lakshminarayana, 2006). Following World War II, the rise of
clinical psychology and the need for psychological evaluations of military personnel led to
further development of behavioral health science (Murthy, & Lakshminarayana, 2006). The war
effort emphasized the importance of mental health not only for soldiers but for the general
population as well, laying the groundwork for the expansion of mental health services and
research.
Deinstitutionalization Movement and its Impact
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The mid-20th century witnessed the deinstitutionalization movement, a shift from
housing individuals with mental illnesses in large, often overcrowded institutions to community-
based care (Yohanna, 2013). This movement was fueled by a growing understanding of mental
illnesses as medical conditions rather than mere moral failings (Yohanna, 2013). The advent of
psychotropic medications, such as antipsychotics and antidepressants, played a crucial role in
enabling individuals with severe mental illnesses to manage their conditions outside of
institutions. Deinstitutionalization, however, had unintended consequences (Yohanna, 2013).
Many individuals were released from institutions without adequate community-based support,
leading to homelessness and increased strain on families (Yohanna, 2013). Additionally, the lack
of proper resources often left those with mental illnesses without the care they needed. This
period emphasized the need for a comprehensive approach to mental health care that includes not
only treatment but also community integration and support.
The Creation of the DSM and its Influence
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), first published in
1952, represents a significant milestone in the history of behavioral health (American Psychiatric
Association, 2023). The DSM provides a standardized classification system for mental disorders,
enabling professionals to diagnose and treat patients more effectively (American Psychiatric
Association, 2023). The manual has undergone multiple revisions, reflecting changes in the
understanding of mental health conditions and their treatments (American Psychiatric
Association, 2023). The DSM has shaped the practice of behavioral health professionals by
providing a common language and framework for diagnosis (American Psychiatric Association,
2023). However, it has also faced criticism for potentially pathologizing normal behaviors and
for its changing definitions of disorders (American Psychiatric Association, 2023). Despite these
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criticisms, the DSM remains a crucial tool for practitioners and researchers, facilitating
communication and research in the field of behavioral health.
Changes in the Role of Behavioral Health Professionals
The role of behavioral health professionals has evolved significantly over time, mirroring
the changes in societal perceptions, and understanding of mental health. Historically, mental
health care was often relegated to asylums and institutions, and those with mental illnesses were
stigmatized (Bertolote, 2008). The emergence of psychotherapy, advancements in
psychopharmacology, and the emphasis on community-based care have expanded the role of
behavioral health professionals beyond custodial care to encompass therapeutic interventions,
medication management, and community support (Bertolote, 2008). The shift from a primarily
medical model to a more holistic approach has also changed the responsibilities of behavioral
health professionals (Bertolote, 2008). Today's practitioners are often expected to collaborate
with other healthcare providers, social workers, and community organizations to provide
comprehensive care that addresses not only the individual's psychological well-being but also
their social, economic, and environmental factors.
Conclusion
The history of behavioral health is marked by a series of significant events that have
shaped the field's development and the role of its professionals. The impact of World War efforts
highlighted the importance of addressing mental health concerns, leading to advancements in
research and treatment. The deinstitutionalization movement brought attention to the need for
community-based care and support. The creation of the DSM provided a standardized framework
for diagnosis and treatment, while also influencing the practices of behavioral health
professionals. Through these events, the trajectory of behavioral health has transformed,
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reflecting the evolving understanding of mental health and the shifting roles of those who
provide care in this critical field.
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References
American Psychiatric Association. (2023). DSM History. Retrieved August 13, 2023, from
https://www.psychiatry.org/psychiatrists/practice/dsm/about-dsm/history-of-the-dsm.
Bertolote J. (2008). The roots of the concept of mental health. World psychiatry : official journal
of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA), 7(2), 113–116.
https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2051-5545.2008.tb00172.x
Murthy, R. S., & Lakshminarayana, R. (2006). Mental health consequences of war: a brief
review of research findings. World psychiatry: official journal of the World Psychiatric
Association (WPA), 5(1), 25–30.
Yohanna. (2013, October). Deinstitutionalization of People with Mental Illness: Causes and
Consequences. Retrieved August 13, 2023, from https://journalofethics.ama-
assn.org/article/deinstitutionalization-people-mental-illness-causes-and-
consequences/2013-10.
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