CPSC 602 - Assignment 02 - Bruton, Erika

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Slippery Rock University of Pennsylvania *

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602

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Health Science

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Oct 30, 2023

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Assignment 02 (65 points) Bruton, Erika 1. In your own words, discuss the many reasons paper charts are inadequate for modern healthcare. Discuss how electronic health records (EHRs) overcome some of these inadequacies (Ch 4. 8 points) (175-200 words) Reasons paper charts are inadequate for modern healthcare: Inadequate backups and security- Physical files are unrecoverable once they have been lost. Storage Isn't Scalable- Paper medical records require a lot of physical space to store. Time Consuming & Error Prone- Using paper medical records involves a time- consuming and error-prone manual writing procedure. While paper records are more customizable, the information layout and format may differ from one record to the next. There are no built-in version history or audit trails. Paper documents do not have version history or audit trails. EHRs has overcome some of these inadequacies: Under EHRs, medical records can be housed on cloud servers. A single cloud server might contain thousands of patient medical records. Electronic records feature data backup and storage, so that even if a bad party infiltrates and obtains access, a backup option is available. Because electronic materials are not handwritten, readability is not an issue. Additionally, you will not have to search for patient files in a physical cabinet since the program will do it for you (instantly). Electronic records follow a defined structure that healthcare practitioners may learn. Logs and version records are included in electronic health records, which automate audits and tracking. 2. In your own words, discuss four challenges associated with electronic health records adoption (Ch 4. 8 points) (175-200 words) Time - Many doctors, particularly those in small practices, say that they are afraid of losing revenue because of not devoting enough time to EHR implementation. Furthermore, clinicians are concerned about devoting additional time to data input and record keeping. Many EHR practice management solutions, on the other hand, provide customized and efficient data input workflows via templates and wizards, significantly reducing the time required for patient medical record maintenance. Training - Additional training is required for hospital employees in relation to the EHR practice management platform and associated processes. It is critical to effectively teach users and staff before and throughout the deployment of EHRs to mitigate the issues associated with low productivity and to avoid a situation in which users feel unsatisfied and irritated due to a lack of sufficient training. Cost - Few physicians have the money to invest in an EHR system. Furthermore, it is impossible to assess the overall cost when training, support, and maintenance are factored in. Cost will always be the most significant barrier to EHR deployment for small clinics without major IT expenditures.
Patient Acceptance - Practices often use a new approach to enhance quality and service by involving patients, which can significantly improve patient outcomes. However, any aim of boosting patient engagement cannot be met unless and until patients are unable or unwilling to embrace EHR features that increase patient engagement, such as a patient portal. It is also critical for patients to use EHRs. 3. In your own words, discuss the differences between computerized physician order entry (CPOE) and clinical decision support systems (CDSS). (Ch 4. 12 points) (350-400 words) CPOE systems are typically combined with some sort of clinical decision support system (CDSS), which can aid in the prevention of mistakes during the pharmaceutical ordering and dispensing stages, as well as the safety of other types of orders. A typical CDSS suggests default values for drug doses, routes of administration, and frequency, as well as more sophisticated drug safety features such as checking for drug allergies or drug-drug or even drug-laboratory interactions. The most sophisticated CDSSs prevent not only errors of commission, but also errors of omission. CDSSs are also increasingly being used to combat overuse; for example, a systematic evaluation of CPOE for radiologic studies discovered that CDSS can enhance adherence to diagnostic imaging recommendations while decreasing total test consumption. 4. This exercise involves a module activity from the Vista electronic health record. When answering the questions, make sure you enter them exactly as the information is formatted, etc. in the record. Download the “Data Retrieval.swf” module. To open the module, you need to use the “Flash Player projector content debugger” (available under the content section). Start the debugger. From the File menu, Click Open , then browse to the “ Data Retrieval.swf file, Click Open , then OK . The module will start. Provide 4 different screen shots while you are working with the module in addition to a screen shot of the last screen that says, “You have briefly reviewed each tab of this patient’s medical record and completed Data Retrieval . Given you have completed the module successfully, in your words, discuss the obstacles that impact EHR adoption (20 points) (150-200 words). Despite the potential benefits of EHRs, several problems and impediments to adoption and interoperability exist. System compatibility, dependability, security, and usability can be difficult to manage. Financial difficulties, such as large upfront and ongoing expenses, a lack of incentives, and reimbursement methods, can also be a barrier. Privacy, secrecy, permission, and responsibility are all legal and ethical concerns that must be addressed. Organizational and cultural factors, such as reluctance to change, a lack of training, and a disruption in workflow, should not be disregarded. Finally, human aspects such as customer pleasure, trust, and behavior must be considered. 5. In your own words, briefly discuss the difference between health information exchange, nationwide health information network exchange, and health information organizations (Ch 6. 6 points) (125-150 words) Health Information Exchange – Enables health care providers and patients to electronically access and exchange a patient's medical information. There are several health care delivery scenarios pushing the technology underpinning today's various kinds of health information exchange. Nationwide Health Information Network Exchange – A program to improve healthcare quality and efficiency by building a system for countrywide health information sharing. The NHIN is a collection of protocols that lay the groundwork for the safe transmission of health information to facilitate meaningful utilization.
Participants in the NHIN commit to provide a standard set of web services and data content that enables private, secure, and interoperable transmission of health information across the public Internet among NHIN participants. Health Information Organizations – Assist in the exchange of EHRs to achieve meaningful use. HIOs can assist qualifying providers in their EHR production development processes. HIOs are run by a collaborative collection of health-care organizations and are managed collectively by its members. 6. In your own words, briefly discuss the difference between “The Direct Project” and the “Blue Button Project” (Ch 6. 5 points) (125-150 words) “The Direct Project” – The Direct Project is developing a low-cost, practical, and secure Internet-based platform for exchanging health information. Providers can use Direct to securely send information to other trusted providers such as specialists, pharmacies, and laboratories. The mechanism is as follows: The Direct Project does not replace other methods of electronically transferring information. It supplements them. It does, however, replace sluggish, difficult, and costly ways of communication, paving the way for more sophisticated interoperability. “Blue Button Project” – A national effort that allows customers to easily access their personal health information in a usable fashion. The Blue Button logo represents the ability of a customer to download a single electronic file including their accessible health data. 7. In your own words, briefly discuss the concerns associated with health information exchange (Ch 6. 6 points) (175-200 words) Health information exchange (HIE) enables nurses, doctors, and patients to safely communicate medical information electronically. HIE is crucial since it enables the confidential sharing of a patient's medical record regardless of where the patient is. It assists in providing medical information where it is required for patient care, such as laboratories, specialist offices, and emergency rooms, and the doctor has access to the patient's condition so he/she may provide treatment plan based on the circumstances. HIE assists patients with maintaining and improving patient monitoring, as well as public health reporting. Health information can be reported as healthcare claims to governmental databases and other sources, where it can be examined and used to make healthcare program decisions. EHR allows clinicians and those with the same level of interoperability, such as labs and pharmacies, to share health information electronically. Patients and healthcare professionals can exchange information using the PHR model by depositing health information into a bank.
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