JMS 489_ EXERCISE 1
pdf
keyboard_arrow_up
School
San Diego State University *
*We aren’t endorsed by this school
Course
489
Subject
Health Science
Date
Feb 20, 2024
Type
Pages
3
Uploaded by ChancellorMask13509
Lily Razzano
JMS 489
02/01/24
EXERCISE 1
1. Theories: What theories were used? Briefly, say how were they fore-grounded the
study? What were the main factors considered to influence smartphone/Facebook
over-use?
-
The theories used in this article are the Media System Dependency (MSD) theory and the
uses and gratification theory. MSD is a theory that investigates how media, society, and
people depend upon each other to accomplish their goals. This theory then connects to
Individual Media Dependency (IMD) which assists in developing the level of
involvement depending on each individuals’ goals. The uses and gratifications theory
investigates that people use social media to gratify specific wants and needs. The main
factors that were considered to influence smartphone/Facebook over-use were age,
gender, and personality.
2. Research Questions: In your own words, what were the research questions? Why
were research questions employed instead of hypotheses?
-
The first research question was: What factors are the biggest signs of smartphone
addiction among African American college students?
-
The second research question was: What factors are the greatest signs of Facebook
addiction in African American college students?
-
The third research question was: Does doing multiple tasks on their smartphones affect
the academic level of performance in African American college students?
3. Participants: How many participated? Who were they? How were they selected?
-
304 African American college students from an HBCU in Texas participated. The sample
consisted of 56% females and 44% males, with the average age being 22.45.
-
The sample of students were selected using convenience sampling, therefore four
students who did not identify as African American were excluded.
4. Research Design: Describe the research method as well as how the main
variables were measured.
-
“The survey contained demographic information and questions on the ownership of
smartphones, monthly charges, number of talking minutes a month, and number of text
messages sent and received a month.”
-
The survey consisted of questions regarding daily study habits outside of class and GPA.
Additionally, scales for smartphone addiction and Facebook addiction were devised to
identify high-risk individuals. Personality traits, social interaction anxiety, and
multitasking skills were taken into consideration. The data was gathered by the researcher
with her graduate assistant, in collaboration with instructors across various departments
of the university.
5. Results/Discussion: Briefly summarize the answers to the research questions.
-
In the study findings, it was observed that half (50%) of participants identified texting as
a primary driver for their smartphone usage, signaling potential smartphone addiction.
Additionally, factors such as social interaction anxiety, Facebook addiction, and
multitasking were identified as further indicators of smartphone addiction. Female
students and younger participants exhibited elevated levels of addiction in comparison to
their counterparts.
-
Facebook addiction was found to be significantly associated with age, social interaction
anxiety, and multitasking ability. Neither personality traits nor gender were found to be
influential factors in Facebook addiction. Older students exhibited a higher level of
addiction compared to their younger counterparts.
-
Regarding academic performance, findings revealed that 70% of participants engaged in
texting, while 49% used Facebook or Twitter during class. Slightly over half of the
participants admitted to being distracted during lectures due to multitasking. However,
the research also indicated that multitasking and checking Facebook on smartphones did
not appear to have a detrimental effect on participants' GPA.
6. Limitations: Any weaknesses in the research outlined? Were there suggestions for
future research?
-
First, convenience sampling was used, which limited the results of the findings to the
wider population. Second, reliance solely on self-reported data introduces the possibility
of bias in both the utilization and academic performance metrics. Lastly, full-length
scales might be necessary to assess the true impacts of various personality traits and
psychological variables on smartphone addiction.
7. Research Report: The study for today's exercise was published in the Journal of
Black Studies. Using the demonstration in lecture to help you, find another study
published in a peer review journal. Print the abstract and include it with your
answers, say why you chose the study and briefly describe how it was
conducted and what the researcher(s) found.
Abstract:
“The definition of what constitutes a healthy diet is continually shifting to reflect the evolving
understanding of the roles that different foods, essential nutrients, and other food components
play in health and disease. A large and growing body of evidence supports that intake of certain
types of nutrients, specific food groups, or overarching dietary patterns positively influences
health and promotes the prevention of common non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Greater
consumption of health-promoting foods and limited intake of unhealthier options are intrinsic to
the eating habits of certain regional diets such as the Mediterranean diet or have been constructed
as part of dietary patterns designed to reduce disease risk, such as the Dietary Approaches to
Stop Hypertension (DASH) or Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay
(MIND) diets. In comparison with a more traditional Western diet, these healthier alternatives are
higher in plant-based foods, including fresh fruits and vegetables, whole grains, legumes, seeds,
and nuts and lower in animal-based foods, particularly fatty and processed meats. To better
understand the current concept of a “healthy diet,” this review describes the features and
supporting clinical and epidemiologic data for diets that have been shown to prevent disease
and/or positively influence health. In total, evidence from epidemiological studies and clinical
trials indicates that these types of dietary patterns reduce risks of NCDs including cardiovascular
disease and cancer.”
Cena, H., & Calder, C. P. (2020). Defining a Healthy Diet: Evidence for the Role of
Contemporary Dietary Patterns in Health and Disease. National Library of Medicine; doi:
10.3390/nu12020334.
-
I chose this study because I am extremely passionate and a high advocate for eating
proper nutrition for the best results in every area of life, food is literally fuel.
-
Cena and Calder's research study sought to establish what makes a healthy diet, By
analyzing modern eating trends and their effects on health and illness. They reviewed the
literature of compiled data from previous years of research on different eating patterns
and their relationships to different health outcomes. Data from cohort studies, randomized
controlled trials, and meta-analyses were analyzed and added into this study in charts.
They examined a range of demographics and took into account elements like food types,
nutritional consumption, and adherence to certain dietary recommendations or patterns
including the DASH diet, the Mediterranean diet, the Nordic diet, and traditional asian
diets. The researchers discovered a link between a lower risk of chronic illnesses
including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and different types of cancer to be
significantly reduced from 20-40% by following these specific healthy eating styles.
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help