Lesson 2.7

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Clemson University *

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1010

Subject

Geology

Date

Oct 30, 2023

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docx

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2

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GEOL 1010 Lesson 2.7 Rock Deformation Review: How could one distinguish between a line of volcanoes formed by a volcanic arc (subduction zone) vs. one formed by a hotspot? Brittle deformation includes… - Faults : rock breaks AND slips - Joints : rock just breaks, does NOT slip Ductile deformation includes folds (rock is bent) Brittle vs. ductile deformation - High temperatures favor DUCTILE deformation - High pressure favor DUCTILE deformation - High strain rates favor BRITTLE deformation - Strength of the rock you are deforming matters too! - Some layers show ductile deformation, others show brittle deformation—depends on their composition and strength Folds - Folds = bending of strata - Folds are a ductile response to compressional stress Classifying Folds - Anticline : the oldest layers are in the center of the fold - Syncline : the youngest layers are in the center of the fold Brittle Deformation Faults - Fault = a fracture where the two sides move (or slip) relative to each other Different types of faults are formed by each of the three different types of stress… - Compression - Tension - Shearing
GEOL 1010 Dip-slip Faults - The different sides slip up or down an inclined fault plane - Hanging wall : above the fault - Footwall : below the fault Dip-slip Faults: Two Types - Thrust fault : hanging wall moves up the fault plane - Normal fault : hanging wall moves down the fault plane Strike-slip Faults - The different sides move past each other horizontally - Two possible directions of motion : left lateral and right lateral
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