Lesson 2.4 Collision Zones and Divergent Boundaries

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Clemson University *

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1010

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Geology

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Oct 30, 2023

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docx

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2

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GEOL 1010 Lesson 2.4 Plate Boundaries Three types of Plate Boundaries - Divergent - Convergent - Transform Convergent Plate Boundaries - Plates move toward one another o Ocean-ocean: subduction o Ocean-continent: subduction o Continent-continent: collision Collision Zones - Continent-Continent Convergence o Why no subduction? Cont. lithosphere way too buoyant to be subducted o Mountain building but no significant volcanism—why? No mechanism for magma generation here! No decompression No water added No heat transfer Collisional Zones - Conveyer Belt —subduction zones often evolve into collisions - Evolution of the Himalayas Supercontinents From Continental Collisions - E.g., Pangaea—formed when all the continents collided, suturing them together - Supercontinent cycle—supercontinents form and then split up about every 500 million years Foreland Basins Form Adjacent to Such Large Mountain Ranges - The weight of the massive mountain range causes lithosphere to “sag”, creating basins (aka. Low points in the topography) in the areas next to the mountain range - Here sediments shed from the range accumulate Page 1 of 2
GEOL 1010 Divergent Plate Boundaries - Rising asthenosphere under ridge o Pushes plates apart o Asthenosphere melts under the mid-ocean ridge. This magma wells up to fill gap and cools. - Mid-Ocean Ridges o Hydrothermal vents (black smokers) from at MORs High heat at ridge—heats groundwater… Hot groundwater rises and reenters the ocean forming hydrothermal vents We call this hot groundwater hydrothermal fluids Page 2 of 2
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