ESC_100_Lab_7_Earthquake_SP_2023 (3)

ESC100FL Earthquakes: Lab #7 ESC_100_Lab_7_Earthquake_SP_2023 Page 1 of 9 This lab exercise will have you investigate earthquakes. You will review how earthquakes are evaluated, preparedness, relationship to plate tectonics, and general hazards. Earthquakes are currently not predictable; however, earthquake do take place in predictable areas. When an earthquake happens, energy is released in the form of seismic waves. These wave travel in two distinct groups. The first are body waves that can travel through the Earth. The second are surface waves that can only travel at the Earth surface/atmosphere interface resides. It is these wave that cause most of the damage associated with earthquakes. Exercise #1 will introduce you in how the size and location of earthquakes are determined. In Exercise #2 has you explore your preparedness for when the “ Big One ” strikes while Exercise #3 has you investigate earthquakes and their association with plate boundaries. The activities Exercise #4 will have you look at local earthquakes and other hazards. Equipment Computer with internet access ruler calculator What to turn in to complete the lab: ✓ Exercise #1) Submit the diploma that you earned from the website. It is best that you submit a screen shot of the diploma using a program like Snip and saving the file as either a png or jpeg format using the Canvas submission tool. The following formats are acceptable – pdf, doc, and docx. ✓ Exercise #2) Submit your type written answer to the questions on a separate piece of paper using the Canvas submission tool. The following formats are acceptable – pdf, doc, and docx. ✓ Exercise #3) Submit your type written answer to the questions as well as the graph you created on a separate piece of paper using the Canvas submission tool. The following formats are acceptable – pdf, doc, and docx. ✓ Exercise #4) Submit your type written answer to the questions on a separate piece of paper using the Canvas submission tool. The following formats are acceptable – pdf, doc, and docx. ✓ Only work submitted using the Canvas submission tool for the course will be graded. I do not grade work that is emailed to me directly . This makes it harder for me to grade work and increase the chances of computer viruses being transferred to my computer.

ESC100FL Earthquakes: Lab #7 ESC_100_Lab_7_Earthquake_SP_2023 Page 2 of 9 Exercise #1) Virtual Earthquake 1.1. Go to the website listed below and perform the “ Executive Epicenter & Magnitude ” exercise . Submit a copy of the diploma with your name on it as evidence that you completed this question. There are two ways to get your diploma after completing the activity. The first is to have the website email to you (NOT THE INSTRUCTOR) then submit what is sent to you. The second and BETTER way is to take a screen shot of the diploma and save it as a png or jpeg file and submit the file. See below image for an example of the diploma. https://www.sciencecourseware.org/VirtualEarthquake/VQuakeExecute.html?x=94&y=63

ESC100FL Earthquakes: Lab #7 ESC_100_Lab_7_Earthquake_SP_2023 Page 4 of 9 Exercise #3: Worldwide Earthquakes 3.1. Go to the websites provided below and view the worldwide distribution of earthquakes for the past 30 days. IRIS http://www.iris.edu/dms/seismon.htm USGS http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/map/ a) Use the IRIS map and determine how many earthquakes have occurred in the world in the past 30 days over a magnitude of 4.0? Hint : S electing the button beneath the world map entitled “Last 30 Days Earthquakes” and looki ng at the line of text below the title for the page. b) Use the IRIS website Latest Earthquakes Worldwide table 1 : iii. What was the largest magnitude on the World map? iv. Where was the largest magnitude epicenter (give the region)? v. What was the depth of the hypocenter (focus) of the largest magnitude earthquake? vi. Use USGS map to determine the type of plate boundary that the largest earthquake took place on 2 ? 1) Note: In order to find the largest magnitude earthquake, go to the IRIS website and click on the “Last 30 Days Earthquakes” button beneath the map. On the table click on the MAG column heading twice. This will sort the table with the largest magnitude earthquakes at the top. 2) Note: In order to find the plate tectonic information you need to filter the list by selecting the “ Settings ” button (looks like a sprocket) on the upper right corner of the screen. Use the radial buttons to select “ 3 0 Days, Magnitude 4.5+ Worldwide . ” Return to the map and list by clicking on the “ Settings ” button again. Next go to the list of earthquakes on the left side of the screen and at the top of the list click on the “ sort ” filter and select the “ Largest Magnitude First. ” The largest magnitude earthquake should be at the top of the list that has occurred in the past 30 days. Now click on the earthquake at the top of the list. A new link will appear at the bottom of the list. Click on the new blue link. Scroll down on the new webpage till you get tot the section entitled “ Tectonic Setting . ” Read this section to answer the question.

ESC100FL Earthquakes: Lab #7 ESC_100_Lab_7_Earthquake_SP_2023 Page 5 of 9 3.2. Use the map of California below and the website https://maps.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/fam/ to identify the closest faults to the earthquake epicenters circled on the map. a. What are the names of the faults or fault zones that the earthquakes that are circle in yellow took place? There are at least three different faults that are responsible for these earthquakes. You can get the fault names from the website by either zooming in and reading the name off the map and/or clicking on the fault with your mouse and following the links. It is important that you are zoomed in close enough to bring up a fault name. b. What are the names of the faults or fault zones that the earthquakes that are circle in red took place? There are at least three different faults that are responsible for these earthquakes. c. What are the names of the faults or fault zones that the earthquakes that are circle in aqua took place? There are at least three different faults that are responsible for these earthquakes.

ESC100FL Earthquakes: Lab #7 ESC_100_Lab_7_Earthquake_SP_2023 Page 7 of 9 Table #3.3: Color Band Focus (Depth) Km Estimated Distance from Plate Boundary (Km) Purple 0 Blue 50 Green 110 Yellow 225 Orange 400 Red 650

ESC100FL Earthquakes: Lab #7 ESC_100_Lab_7_Earthquake_SP_2023 Page 8 of 9 c. Now you are going to create a computer-generated scatter plot graph with the Distance from the plate boundary on the X-axis and the Focus depth on the Y-axis. In order to make the graph look more accurate you need to make all the Focus depth negative numbers . See the example of the graph below. d. Draw a best fit line through the data that will estimate the orientation of the descending plate. Using the graphing program draw a best fit line. In Excel this can be done by selecting “ Quick Layout #3 or #9 ” . Or you can print the graph out and draw a best fit line or curve using the points as a guide. Example Graph: 3.4. What is the reason for the distribution of earthquakes seen near Tonga? (Hint – Review 12.3 of the earthquake chapter in the textbook and research the term Benioff Zone.)