11ES1002_3_Water Supply Modeling-1

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North Carolina State University *

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1002

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Geography

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Oct 30, 2023

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pptx

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Water Supply Modeling

Surface Water Reservoir  Rainfall varies throughout the year  Reservoirs store water so it is available during times of less rainfall  The size of the reservoir depends on:  How much water is needed and when  How much water is available and when NOAA: http://www.erh.noaa.gov/rah/climate/data/rdu_annualclimate.png NCDENR: http://www.ncwater.org/Water_Supply_Planning/Local_Water_Sup ply_Plan/report.php?pwsid=01-60-010&year=2012 Creative Commons: http://commons.wikimedia.org/w iki/File:Cheoah_Hydroelectric_Da m_Graham_Co_NC.jpg

Reservoir Equation Inflow Withdrawal Reservoir Storage + Inflow - Withdrawal Example: Last Month’s Storage: 1000 million cubic meters (mcm) Inflow: 100 mcm Withdrawal: 150 mcm This Month’s Storage = 1000 + 100 – 150 = 950 mcm

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Reservoir Levels Reservoir can be divided into sections:  Working volume is the usable volume  Dead volume is not considered usable  The maximum volume is the dead volume plus the working volume  The maximum height occurs when water spills over the dam’s spillway Dead Volume Working Volume Maximum Height Minimum Height

Reservoir Model  Estimates reservoir storage each month  Use historical or predicted inflows  Use estimated water withdrawals  Calculate remaining reservoir storage each month  Cannot store more than the maximum volume  Failure happens if working volume is depleted in one month (if volume falls below dead volume)

Using Excel  Cells are named in a grid  The number 5 is in B3, the number 6 in C3

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Using Excel  Calculations are done with an “=“ and mathematical operators  In D3  Type “=“  click on the cell B3  type “+”  click on C3  Hit enter  The value in D3 is equal to the value in B3 plus the value in C3 (top)  Upon entering the formula, the calculated value is shown (middle)  Complex expressions can be used (bottom)

Using Excel  Copy and paste a formula from one cell to another  It will automatically update so it will apply to the next row or column  Note how top formula is for cells in row 3 while bottom one is for row 4

Using Excel  If you don’t want the number to change when copied, give it a name by typing over the cell address in the upper right corner.

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Using Excel  Functions do things beyond simple math  Use the name and parentheses  The “min” function returns the smallest value in the list in parentheses  The list can be values, calculated values, or a mix of both

Using Excel  An “if” function can change the value based on the result of a test  Is one value greater than, less than, or equal to another value  The first part of the “if” function specifies the test, such as “b5<20”  The second part is the value if the test is true  The third part is the value if the test is false  One can use numbers, calculations, or even words.  Words are type in quotation marks like this: “Hello”

Using Excel Use background shading to show regions of importance. In this case, the input region is tan. Write the units next to the value so you know what you are using. Borders can also be used to emphasize important results

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