Battle Analysis Research Project_ Part 2

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Geography

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Oct 30, 2023

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Preliminary Report The paper will describe various geographical details from the Battle of Khe Sanh, which took place during the Vietnam War. One aspect that will be looked at is the rugged terrain in which the battle took place. Specifically, I will be looking at the significance of Hill 861 (Nui Lang Vei), Hill 881 North and Hill 881 South. I will also be looking into mountain ranges such as the Annamite Range and Truong Son mountains. I will be looking into how the narrow and isolated valleys played a part in the battle. I will be looking into the significance of the Ho Chi Minh Trail and how it was used during the battle, as well as its history. I will be looking into how the weather conditions for that particular area, during that time of year, had affected the outcome of the battle. Determining how the weather and rugged terrain affected the U.S. air supply will be looked into as well. Lastly, I will be looking into the effect the dense vegetation had on the outcome of the battle. Annotated Bibliography Hupy, J. P., & Koehler, T. (2012). Modern warfare as a significant form of zoogeomorphic disturbance upon the landscape. Geomorphology, 157, 169-182. The article contains a case study that focuses on the Battle of Khe Sanh, which took place during the Vietnam War. The article describes the significant environmental impact of the battle. While the battlefield remains heavily cratered, revegetation has occurred, but the area lacks the pre-war forest cover. The lack of reforestation is due to post-war economic activities, and the landscape has been shaped by land use patterns such as cattle grazing and coffee production. The study highlights the complex interactions between warfare, post-war activities, and environmental changes on the Khe Sanh battlefield.

Lydic, J. A. (2008). Environment and War: The Impact of Geography, Terrain, and Weather on The Vietnam War The article "Environment and War: The Impact of Geography, Terrain, and Weather on The Vietnam War" by Lydic (2008) explores the influence of environmental factors on the Vietnam War, with a specific focus on the Battle of Khe Sanh. Lydic examines how geography, terrain, and weather affected the course and outcome of the battle. It also looks at how the combination of the challenging terrain, dense vegetation, and adverse weather conditions contributed to the prolonged and difficult nature of the battle. Lastly, it emphasizes the challenges faced by the US forces and the strategic advantages gained by the NVA due to the environmental conditions. Kane, G. C., & AIR COMMAND AND STAFF COLL MAXWELL AFB AL. (1997). Air Power and Its Role in the Battles of Khe Sanh and Dien Bien Phu. Master’s research paper, Air Command and Staff College, Air University, Maxwell AFB, AL. The article focuses on the role of air power in the battles of Khe Sanh and Dien Bien Phu and analyzes its impact on the overall outcomes. The strengths and limitations of air power in these battles are evaluated as well. It discusses the importance of air superiority, close air support, and interdiction missions. It also looks at the logistical challenges and operational considerations related to air power utilization in such challenging environments. It sheds light on the challenges and successes that are associated with using air power in complex and intense conflict situations. Winters, H. A. (2001). Battling the elements: weather and terrain in the conduct of war . JHU Press. This portion of the text looks into the minute details of the weather and terrain

during the battle of Khe Sanh. It not only states what kind of weather that the area sustained, but goes into detail about what each factor is. For example, monsoons were common in the area, especially for the time of year the battle took place. The text goes into detail to describe exactly what a monsoon is and all that it would normally entail. Markie Jr, E. J. (2010). A Success in the Use of Combined Airpower (Doctoral dissertation, United States Air Force). This article looks at the Battle of Khe Sanh and focuses on the geographical aspects related to the conflict. It looks into several aspects of the battle such as its location, strategic significance, defense measures, the outcome and withdrawal of the U.S. troops, etc. It discusses how the troops prepared for defense battles while navigating the rugged mountainous terrain. Details of complications that were faced when due the area's geographic location are discussed as well. It also notes how the aircrafts were able to operate through these situations. Banner, G. T., & ARMY COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF COLL FORT LEAVENWORTH KS. (1993). The War for the Ho Chi Minh Trail. This article explores the military efforts to intercept and disrupt the Ho Chi Minh Trail during the Vietnam War. It discusses matters such as the geography and weather that occurs in the area, as well as the history of the Ho Chi Minh Trail. It goes on to mention what significance the trail held to the North Vietnamese during the battle of Khe Sanh, as well as the flow of their troops and supplies. It specifies how the Ho Chi Minh Trail was a route that connected the north to the south and mentions how it was used for forms of communication. The rest of the article discusses the finer details of the battle itself. Davis, M. A. (1995). Armor Attacks in Restrictive Terrain: Is Current US Army Doctrine Adequate?.

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The article discusses Operation LAM SON 719 which took place in January 1971 which was in response to the U.S. forces' withdrawal from Vietnam and increased enemy activity along the Ho Chi Minh Trail network in Laos. It mentions how the operation demonstrated successes in the initial attack along route QL-9 and keeping the route open in the U.S. sector. Even so, it mentions that there were faults in maintaining road access and communication issues between South Vietnamese units, which hindered their ability to respond effectively to enemy attacks as well. The operation exhibited that South Vietnam, despite improvements in conventional warfare, still faced challenges in conducting large-scale operations. Verdoes, A. Forestry Development in Quang Tri Province, Vietnam. FORESTRY AND PEOPLE IN SOUTH-EAST ASIA , 59 . The article focuses on the development of forestry in Quang Tri Province, Vietnam. It discusses the relationship between forests and the local population in Southeast Asia. Quang Tri Province's forestry development is looked upon in the context of the region's unique challenges and opportunities. It emphasizes the significance of forests for the people of Southeast Asia and how sustainable forestry practices can benefit both the environment and the communities reliant on these resources as well. As the battle of Khe Sanh took place in/near the province of Quang Tri, the article will depict the geography of the forest that contributed to the battle. Primary Source Map