Unit 1 Review key-1

Name __________________ Unit 1 Review Hour_________ Chapter 1 – Science and the Environment 1. What is the difference between environmental science and ecology ? Env sci- just effect of humans on the environment, Eco- interactions between living things interact with each other and the nonliving environment 2. Define natural resource and give two examples? Anything in environment that humans use 3. Define biodiversity : number and variety of species in an area 4. If the human population were fully sustainable , what would this mean? How would we describe resource consumption? Human population would survive indefinitely and have stable resource consumption 5. Define ecological footprint and give examples of things that are calculated into it: the impact of a person or community on the environment, expressed as the amount of land required to sustain their use of natural resources,

Name __________________ Unit 1 Review Hour_________ 6. Give an example of a renewable resource and then a nonrenewable resource and label as each: Renewable : trees, water, sun Nonrenewable : metals, minerals 7. Give two example of biodegradable and nondegradable things: Biodegradable : food, trees Nondegradable : plastic, glass 8. What are the three main environmental problems: 1 . resource depletion 2. pollution 3. Loss of biodiversity 9. Developed nations make up about _ 20 __% of the world’s population and consume about _75 __ % of its resources. 10. What are the characteristics of a developed nation vs undeveloped nation including the relative population growth rates: Developed: diverse economy, higher standard of living, low growth rate Undeveloped: high growth rate, low standard of living, simple agricultural economy 11. Which are the three time periods we talked about in chapter 1 in order of how they occured: 1 st hunter gatherer 2 nd agricultural rev 3 rd industrial rev a. Which time period describes these things: Fossil fuel consumption, technological efficiency, and environmental pollution increased? Industrial revo b. What time period describes these things: Domesticated plants were altered; forest was replaced with farmland? Agricultural rev c. Which time period describes these things: People moved around in small groups and burned prairie to hunt bison? Hunter-gatherer 12. Use the law of supply and demand to answer the next questions: a. If there is a decline in amount/availability of an item, how will it affect the cost? increase b. If there is an increase in amount/availability of an item, how will it affect the cost? decrease Chapter 2 – Tools of Environmental Science 13. Name the steps of the scientific method in order: Observation, hypothesis, prediction, experiment, conclusion 14. The part of the experiment that you change is called the __ variable ___, and how many should you have in an experiment? 1 15. What are the two groups in an experiment, and what is the difference between the two? Control group, experimental group- gets experimental treatment where variable is changed

Name __________________ Unit 1 Review Hour_________ 25. Define geosphere : Mostly solid rocky part of the earth; extends from the center of the core to the surface of the crust 26. Define biosphere : The part of the earth where life exists 27. Label the missing parts of the geosphere on the figure: 28. In what layer are tectonic plates found? l ithosphere 29. What layer causes tectonic plates to move? asthenosphere 30. Explain what happens at a tectonic plate boundary: Plates slide past eachother, and collide, separate from eachother. Place where they meet is called a fault. Earthquakes happen here, and mountains form when plates collide. 31. Name the layers of the atmosphere from closest to us to farthest away? a. Troposphere b. stratosphere c. mesosphere d. thermosphere 32. The ionosphere is in the __ thermosphere __. 33. Weather occurs in the _troposphere ____. 34. The ozone layer is in the _ stratosphere __. 35. Density and air pressure is the greatest in the _ troposphere _, and the least in the _thermosphere _. 36. In the atmosphere, the coldest layer is the mesosphere _ and the hottest is the thermosphere _. 37. What are the three parts of the water cycle and define each term: a. Condensation- The change of state from a gas to a liquid b. Evaporation- The change of a state from a liquid to a gas c. Precipitation- Any form of water that falls to the earth's surface from the clouds; includes rain, snow, sleet, and hail 38. In terms of matter and energy, earth is considered a(n) _ closed __ system. 39. Does seawater or freshwater have higher salinity? __ seawater __. Define salinity below: A measure of the amount of dissolved salts in a given amount of liquid 40. Define the greenhouse effect and what humans have done that contributes to this and what would happen if we did not have this effect: The warming of the surface and lower atmosphere of the earth that occurs when carbon dioxide, water vapor, and other gases in the air absorb and reradiate infrared radiation If humans didn’t have this we would get too cold. 41. Describe the following type of heat: a. radiation - The energy that is transferred as electromagnetic waves, such as visible light and infrared waves lithosphere asthenosphere mesosphere Outer core Inner core

Name __________________ Unit 1 Review Hour_________ b. conduction - The transfer of energy as heat through a material c. convection - The movement of matter due to differences in density that are caused by temperature variations; can result in the transfer of energy as heat Chapter 4 – Diversity of Living Things 42. Name the three domains: eukarya , Archaea, bacteria 43. In which domain(s) do organisms NOT have a nucleus? Archaea, bacteria 44. What are the four kingdoms that we talked about and which domain do they belong to? Animalia, Protista, Plantae, fungi ---  all part of domain eukarya 45. What is the difference between natural selection and artificial selection ? Natural- environment determines what is fittest or selects, artificial-humans determine/ selects 46. A trait that increases an organism’s ability to survive is called _Resistance_, and what is this caused by? Gene that allows it to break down something harmful into something not harmful 47. Is the following animal a vertebrate or invertebrate? Use “V” or “I” to label. a. Pig-V c. insect- I e. clam-I b. Coral- I d. horse- V g. frog- V 48. What makes a plant vascular? Give an example of a vascular and nonvascular plant. 49. A __ angiosperm _ is a plant with a flower / fruit, but a __ gymnosperm __ will not have these but may bear a cone and has ability to live in dryer climates. 50. Label the following pictures: 51. a. community b. population c. species d. ecosystem 52. All energy in ecosystems ultimately comes from __ sun _. 53. What would probably happen to a organism taken out of its habitat? Would not survive 54. What two groups break down dead organisms? bacteria and fungi