Packet 08

2023 ARCADIA Edited by Michael Bucknall, Vincent Du, Ganon Evans, Jim Fan (head), Henry Goff, Eric Gunter, Kevin Jiang, Evan Knox, Caroline Mao, Grant Peet, Ryan Rosenberg, Jonathan Shauf, Kevin Thomas, Justin Zhang, and Ivvone Zhou Written by Rasheeq Azad, Matt Capobianco, Jacob Egol, Michael Eng, Crow He, Hasna Karim, Rahul Keyal, Sam Kung, Ashish Subramanian, Graham Troy, Annabelle Yang, and the editors Packet 8 : mmm feces is good I DIDN’T THINK PPL WERE GONNA VOTE FOR SHIT Tossups 1. While at one of these locations, one writer described how “[b]ecause my souvenir would vanish the moment I stood up…I simply pointed my phone at my fly and snapped a picture.” After visiting one of these locations in Brooklyn supplied by Pat LaFrieda, that writer described “the unshakable sense that [he’d] been scammed” in a zero-star review of that one of these locations. (*) Pete Wells wrote that viral 2019 review of one of these locations named for Peter Luger. A Turkish entrepreneur named Nusret Gökçe who owns a chain of these locations went viral for his flamboyant method of sprinkling salt, earning him the nickname “Salt Bae.” For 10 points, name these restaurants, examples of which include Delmonico’s and Fogo de Chão. ANSWER: steakhouse s [accept answers indicating restaurant s that serve steak ; prompt on restaurants until read] <IZ, Other Academic> 2. A 2023 Jeremy Tiang play chronicles the experience of this play’s non-Chinese-speaking author directing an all-Chinese production of it in Beijing with the help of Yīng Ruòchéng. This play’s opening directions unusually include three chairs rather than four and mention a man’s silver trophy on a shelf above the protagonist’s bed. It’s not Endgame , but this play’s author originally considered setting it inside an enormous skull. This play’s recurring (*) flute music features during a monologue in which a woman sobs, “We’re free, we’re free.” That scene, titled “Requiem,” ends this play in which the protagonist’s son sees him cheating with The Woman at a hotel in Boston. This play’s central family includes the diamond tycoon Ben and the ex-football star Biff. For 10 points, name this play about the Loman family by Arthur Miller. ANSWER: Death of a Salesman (The Tiang play is Salesman 之死 . ) <CM, American Literature> 3. This operation relates the external protocols in the numerator and denominator of the Crooks relation. In stochastic thermodynamics, the entropy production is proportional to the log of the following: the probability of a trajectory, over the probability of the trajectory under this operation. In quantum mechanics, this operation is an anti-unitary operator that [emphasize] commutes with the Hamiltonian. Spin-1/2 systems that are invariant under this operation satisfy (*) Kramers’s theorem. Magnetic fields break symmetry under this operation, which is unified with symmetry under charge conjugation and parity inversion. Loschmidt’s paradox asks how it is possible for Newton’s laws, which are invariant under this operation, to give rise to a quantity like entropy that only increases. For 10 points, name this operation that is analogized to playing a movie backward. ANSWER: time-reversal [or time-reversal symmetry; or time inversion symmetry; accept answers indicating that time is reversed or “ t becomes negative t ;” prompt on T-symmetry or time-symmetry] <VD, Physics> 4. One of these things constructed by Nala and Nila uses stones inscribed with a hero’s name. In Korean folklore, King Jumong summons turtles to create one of these things. In a Thai epic, the creation of one of these things is sabotaged by a daughter of Thotsakan named Suvannamaccha. After reaching one of these things, souls will go to either the House of Lies or the House of Song. That one of these things can become as narrow as a (*) hair, similar to As-Sirat. The Qīxì (“chee-shee”) Festival commemorates the one day each year

when magpies form one of these things, allowing the Weaver Girl and Cowherd to reunite. For 10 points, the Vanaras assist Rama in building what structure to travel from India to Lanka? ANSWER: bridge s [accept Adam’s Bridge or Rama’s Bridge or Rama Setu ; accept Ame-no-uki hashi ; accept Chinvat Bridge ; accept Bridge of Sirat; accept causeway ] <AY, Beliefs> 5. A fabricated letter linking this person to John the Baptist caused the arrest of a self-styled “Mother of God” named Catherine Théot. To combat price gouging on food, this person spearheaded the Law of the General Maximum. This person was convinced that the Prussian-born Anacharsis Cloots was plotting with the Exaggerators who supported the Le Père Duchesne paper. This person warned against the “ancient insanity of governments” in a speech defending a festival centered around a tree on top of a man-made (*) mountain. As a nod to his support of direct democracy, Thomas Carlyle gave this person the epithet “sea-green Incorruptible.” This person shot himself in the jaw in the Hôtel de Ville. De facto control over the Committee of Public Safety was held by, for 10 points, what leader of the “Reign of Terror” during the French Revolution? ANSWER: Maximilien Robespierre [or Maximilien François Marie Isidore de Robespierre ] <GP, European History> 6. A plowman surnamed Oppenheimer pioneered a dance from this island whose purpose of critiquing society led to its nickname as a “sung newspaper.” In another narrative dance from this island, the dancer challenges a goat-skin barril drum to match their steps. The sexually-charged perreo was danced at an underground nightclub on this island called The Noise, where artists such as Ivy Queen performed. The dances plena and bomba are from this island, where a music genre that features Spanish-language rap over (*) dancehall rhythms was made globally popular by a song from the album Barrio Fino . Along with Cubans, immigrants from this island such as Héctor Lavoe and Willie Colón popularized salsa in New York City ballrooms. The 2004 hit “Gasolina” was created by a reggaetón artist from, for 10 points, what island home to Daddy Yankee and Bad Bunny? ANSWER: Puerto Rico [or Borinquén or Borikén ; or Commonwealth of Puerto Rico or Free Associated State of Puerto Rico or Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico ; accept PR ] <VD, Other Arts: Auditory> 7. One playwright from this country followed seven different points of view in the 1984 play Black Dog , which starred another playwright from this country who wrote Have You Seen Zandile? An old man invited to a campfire in one play from this country is refused wine by one character but told stories by another until he mysteriously dies. That play from this country describes the wandering after the home of (*) Boesman and Lena was bulldozed. In another play from this country, a character’s job as a watchkeeper in a park leaves him with sore feet that his companion prepares hot water baths to soothe. That play from this country describes the title bond between Morris and Zachariah who live in a shack in the “colored” section of town. For 10 points, name this country for which Barney Simon and other playwrights wrote plays criticizing policies like apartheid. ANSWER: South Africa [or Republic of South Africa or RSA ] (The unnamed playwrights are, in order, Gcina Mhlophe, Nadine Gordimer, and Athol Fugard.) <JF, World and Other Literature> 8. In one work, this thinker analyzed Helen Boardman’s three dominant theses about a certain historical period found in textbooks and described a nation as “ashamed” in the section “The Propaganda of History.” That book by this thinker analyzes the “promised land” of the white laborer and begins with the sections “The Black Worker” and “The White Worker.” One work by this thinker was praised for its criticism of the Dunning School in a book by Eric (*) Foner; that book was “Black Reconstruction.” Another work by this thinker includes many spirituals in “The Sorrow Songs” and begins with the essay “Of our spiritual strivings.” That book by this thinker claims that the problem of the 20th century is the “color line.” This man worked on the Encyclopedia

genre has a first movement Nocturne and includes its composer’s first use of the D-S-C-H motif. Shostakovich’s two pieces in this genre were premiered by David Oistrakh. The soloist enters after four bars in Sibelius’s D minor piece in this genre. For 10 points, name these pieces written for orchestra and the smallest string instrument. ANSWER: violin concerto [prompt on concerto] <VD, Auditory Fine Arts> 13. Original-language term required . An activity held during these events included variants in which participants sank oxybapha and another that produced a loud sound when the plastinx and manes collided. At these events, which took place in the andrōn , participants sang improvised skolia poetry while entertained by hetaira . “Confronted” leopards are depicted above this type of event in their eponymous Etruscan tomb. A game of kottabos is depicted on a fresco of one of these events in the Tomb of the Diver, in which (*) reclining participants fling dregs at a central target. In one work, one of these events held in Agathon’s house features speeches on the nature of Eros and ends with an inebriated Alcibiades confessing his sexual fantasies about Socrates. For 10 points, name these ancient Greek drinking parties that title a Platonic dialogue about love. ANSWER: symposia [or symposium ; prompt on banquets or feasts or parties; prompt on drinking parties until read; prompt on kottabos until read by asking “what events typically featured that game?”] <KT, Ancient History and Archaeology> 14. The narrator of a novel by this author suggests that his neighbor sponsored a midwife so that townspeople would stop “borrowing” the man’s horse out of spite. This author may have intentionally left unfinished a novel that concludes as the protagonist “caught hold of a fille de chambre ’s…end of Vol. II.” A character created by this author explains freedom by drawing a wiggly line in the air with his walking stick, which Balzac reproduced in the epigraph to (*) The Wild Ass’s Skin . A novel by this author uses a completely black page to represent the death of a character who also travels through France and Italy in a satirical “sentimental journey” by this author. The protagonist believes his life to be altered after Dr. Slop’s forceps flatten his nose in a novel by this author that features his alter ego Parson Yorick. For 10 points, name this author of Tristram Shandy . ANSWER: Laurence Sterne <HG, British Literature> 15. One analysis of an English variety of this concept by Marilyn Strathern examines the “liberating informality” of name conventions with elders as an example of this concept’s evolution. In attempting to define this concept in the United States, Talcott Parsons argued that the structural “emancipation” of women results in a higher influence of occupation on this concept. David Schneider challenged the distinction between the (*) real and fictive forms of this concept in a work criticizing its study. The Sudan system of this concept is taken as a paragon case of its “descriptive” form in a work that categorizes this concept into six types. The “alliance theory” of this concept was developed in a Claude Lévi-Strauss book titled for its elementary forms. For 10 points, name this anthropological concept studied in Lewis Henry Morgan’s Systems of Consanguinity and Affinity of the Human Family . ANSWER: kinship [or kinship structures; accept The Elementary Structures of Kinship ; prompt on family structures or familial relationships] <MB, Social Science> 16. This state was home to a naïve artist who depicted a prophecy from the Book of Isaiah in over 60 paintings of a “Peaceable Kingdom.” Violet Oakley and Cecilia Beaux studied at this state's first academy and museum, whose collection is revealed by the drawing of a curtain in a self-portrait titled The Artist in His Museum . Natives from this state who used clay and bear grease to mix color taught a history painter who depicted some of them looking on as a (*) roll of cloth is unfurled by the entourage of a religious leader during the signing of a treaty. The sculptor of Nymph and Bittern , William Rush, co-founded this state’s Academy of Fine Arts,

which taught a resident of this state who painted The Swimming Hole . For 10 points, name this state where artist Benjamin West was born to a family of Quakers. ANSWER: Pennsylvania [or PA ; accept Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts] (The artist in the first sentence is Edward Hicks. The artist in the second sentence is Charles Willson Peale. The history painting is Penn’s Treaty with the Indians .) <RK, Visual Fine Arts> 17. Holmium oxide can be used for this process in UV-Vis spectroscopy apparatuses. If a spectrometer appears to give poor results in this process, one can conduct a matrix spike experiment to “recover” the results. An example of this process involves adding aliquots of a known concentration to a sample and then extrapolating to find the negative x -intercept; that process is the method of (*) standard addition. This type of sensitivity divided by the standard deviation of a signal gives analytical sensitivity. In a Beer’s Law experiment, this process involves generating an absorbance-concentration curve for known standards, which can then be used to interpolate an unknown concentration based on its signal. For 10 points, name this process of quantifying the relationship between analytical variables and validating the accuracy of an instrument. ANSWER: calibration [accept spectroscopic calibration ; accept calibration sensitivity; accept calibration curves; prompt on validation, reference, or standard until read; prompt on matrix effect corrections or bias corrections] <JZ, Chemistry> 18. Volga Muslims variously claim that either Socrates or this ruler were the ancestors of the Kipchak chieftain Bachman Khan. In the Epic of Sundiata , this ruler is referred to as “a king of gold and silver” and Sundiata is most commonly compared to him. The Epic of Sundiata also claims that descendants of this man founded the Cissé dynasty, which founded the Ghana Empire. This ruler legendarily built the Caspian (*) Gates to keep out Gog and Magog, a tale related in the Quran, in which this ruler is referred to as Dhū al-Qarnayn. The subject of a “romance” written by Pseudo-Callisthenes, a young Chandragupta Maurya supposedly met this ruler at Taxila during his conquest of Punjab. For 10 points, name this ruler mythologized across three continents after his conquest of the Achaemenid Empire. ANSWER: Alexander the Great [or Alexander III of Macedon; prompt on Alexander or Alexandria or al-Iskandariyya] <AS, World History> 19. An essay on the morality of this action argued that future conditionals can still be valuable to individuals as part of the utilitarian “Future Like Ours” argument. A paper about this action notes that there is no law under which the bystanders to Kitty Genovese’s death could be prosecuted. That paper about this action juxtaposes “good” and “minimally decent” Samaritans to argue that laws cannot justly compel people to be good. In discussing this action, an author questions whether (*) “person seeds” that drift through a protected window have a right to use the house in which they land. That essay about this action uses a thought experiment involving a kidnapped person being adjoined to a violinist in order to investigate cases in which the “right to life” of a person can come into conflict with another person’s right to their body. For 10 points, name this action defended in a Judith Jarvis Thompson paper. ANSWER: abortion [accept descriptive equivalents like ending pregnancy ] (The first line refers to “An Argument That Abortion Is Wrong” by Don Marquis.) <MB, Philosophy> 20. A man in a play asks if this character is a beast after seeing horns sprouting from his head and two suns in the sky. In another play, a doorkeeper insists on flogging this character to make him prove his identity, since he shouldn’t feel any pain. A king in one play angers this character by chaining him to a bull in a palace stable, after which he escapes by causing an earthquake. This character forces his companion to (*) trade

Bonuses 1. Answer the following about the properties of sulfur hexafluoride, for 10 points each. [10h] Because it has a high value for this quantity, sulfur hexafluoride is most commonly found as an insulating material in high-voltage circuit breakers. This quantity is defined as the maximum electric field that can be withstood before electrical breakdown. ANSWER: dielectric strength [reject “dielectric constant”] [10m] Sulfur hexafluoride is relatively inert, unlike its cousin selenium hexafluoride, which is more susceptible to hydrolysis due to this “bulky” effect. SN2 reactions are slower on tertiary carbons due to these effects. ANSWER: steric effects [or steric s; accept steric hindrance] [10e] Sulfur hexafluoride is heavier than air, allowing it to deepen one’s voice in contrast to this noble gas that can induce squeaky voices. ANSWER: helium [accept He ] <RA, Chemistry> 2. Jonathan Safran Foer’s experimental novel Tree of Codes is a story told by cutting out most of the words of a collection by this author originally titled “Cinnamon Shops.” For 10 points each: [10h] Name this writer, most of whose work was lost after being murdered by a Nazi during the Holocaust. In a story by this author, the narrator’s father turns into a crab who is boiled by his wife for dinner. ANSWER: Bruno Schulz (The story is “Father’s Last Escape.”) [10m] The cutout method in Tree of Codes has drawn comparisons to Georges Perec’s use of this writing constraint in his novel A Void , which Warren Motte called “the struggles of a Holocaust orphan trying to make sense out of absence.” ANSWER: it’s missing the letter e [or equivalents like not using the letter e ; prompt on lipogrammatic by asking “what letter is omitted?”] [10e] Foer’s afterword to Tree of Codes analogizes the Western Wall in Jerusalem to one of these objects. Death narrates Liesel Meminger’s life in Nazi Germany in a Markus Zusak novel titled for a Thief of these objects. ANSWER: book s [accept The Book Thief or “ This Book and The Book ”] (“The Book” is intentional capitalization.) <CM, European Literature> 3. A white figure emerges from an orange tree in a painting in this medium titled The Kitchen Garden on the Eyot . For 10 points each: [10m] Name this artistic medium. A giantess enshrouded in golden wheat is circled by geese in a 20th-century painting in this medium, which was also used for late medieval paintings, such as those by Duccio. ANSWER: tempera [or egg tempera ] [10h] This artist used eggs to depict eggs in her tempera paintings The Giantess (The Guardian of the Egg) and The Kitchen Garden on the Eyot . A self-portrait by this British-born artist shows her sitting next to a lactating hyena. ANSWER: Leonora Carrington [10e] Carrington wrote that the egg was “the dividing line between the Big and the Small” during her stay at a sanatorium during this conflict. This conflict also inspired Pablo Picasso’s Guernica . ANSWER: Spanish Civil War [or Guerra Civil Española ] <EG, Visual Fine Arts> 4. Note to moderator: Read the answerline for the first part carefully . A 2003 paper by Eisenberger, Lieberman, and Williams prevented participants from participating in this activity as part of its explicit social exclusion condition. For 10 points each: [10m] Name this activity. In a 1999 experiment by Chabris and Simons, participants watched a group of individuals in white shirts conduct this activity.

ANSWER: pass ing a ball [or throw ing a ball ; accept descriptions of individuals exchanging a ball ; accept playing basketball ; accept pass ing a basketball or dribbling a basketball ; prompt on ignoring a gorilla or descriptions of moving around or avoiding a gorilla by asking “what other activity were they performing?”; accept, but DO NOT REVEAL, descriptions of passing, throwing, or exchanging a Cyber ball ] [10e] Chabris and Simons’s experiment used a focus on basketball passes to distract from a woman in a gorilla suit, thereby demonstrating the “selective” form of this state that names a common “deficit disorder.” ANSWER: attention [accept selective attention ; accept selective attention test; accept Attention Deficit Disorder] [10h] Eisenberger et al.’s social exclusion study used this common software used to emulate ball-throwing games for social psychology experiments, which Williams distributes from his Purdue University website. ANSWER: Cyberball <EK, Social Science> 5. A 1981 referendum in this state gave voters two options on where to construct the Franklin Dam, although a third of voters simply wrote in “No Dams.” For 10 points each: [10h] Name this state where the world’s first “green” party formed after the flooding of Lake Pedder. Bob Hawke’s commitment to preventing the dam’s construction in this state led to a landmark 1983 High Court decision. ANSWER: Tasmania [accept Commonwealth v Tasmania or Tasmanian Dam Case; accept United Tasmania Group or Tasmanian Greens] [10m] Around the same time, Robert Muldoon approved the construction of the costly Clyde Dam in this country, part of his “Think Big” strategy to borrow money to finance massive industrial projects aimed at increasing domestic energy production. ANSWER: New Zealand [or Aotearoa ] [10e] As prime minister, Hawke secured a ban on mineral drilling in this landmass as part of the Madrid Protocol. New Zealand claims the Ross Dependency, a region on this landmass. ANSWER: Antarctica <GP, British and Commonwealth History> 6. The Fermi Gamma-Ray telescope sometimes sees thunderstorms output gamma radiation at 511 kiloelectronvolts. Answer the following about this phenomenon, for 10 points each. [10e] The signal is produced when a positron, a particle of this class, is created by lightning and then annihilates with an electron. Particles of this class are generally the same as ordinary particles but have opposite charges. ANSWER: antimatter [accept antiparticle or antilepton or antielectron ] [10h] For a particle and its antiparticle to be distinct, they must be excitations of a field with this property. When quantizing a scalar field with this mathematical property, the Fourier coefficients for positive and negative frequencies become distinct creation and annihilation operators. ANSWER: complex -valued [or complex scalar field] [10m] The photons that Fermi detects are their own antiparticles. This neutral, massive Standard Model boson is also its own antiparticle, but, unlike the photon, it is unstable and mediates the weak force. ANSWER: Z boson [or Z 0; accept Z particle] <RA, Physics> 7. Aristotle analogizes this discipline to rhetoric since both are key to rationality in every art and neither depends on the established principles of the special sciences. For 10 points each: [10h] Name this discipline, which Aristotle calls the “counterpoint” to rhetoric. Unlike demonstration which proves absolute truth, this discipline’s proofs show that the conclusions follow from endoxa , or accepted premises. ANSWER: dialectic [10m] In Aristotle’s Rhetoric , the rhetorician is expected to draw on dialectical abilities to use enthymemes , a rhetorical version of these arguments. These arguments hold if they are both valid and sound. ANSWER: syllogism s [prompt on deduction or word forms thereof]

[10m] Name this leader who led the Polish Uprising of 1794. This engineer had previously built fortifications near Saratoga and West Point during the American Revolution. ANSWER: Tadeusz Kościuszko (“kosh-CHOOSH-ko”) [or Andrzej Tadeusz Bonawentura Kościuszko ] [10h] Kościuszko’s Uprising was put down by this general, who escaped André Masséna in Italy by leading an army over the Swiss Alps. This general successfully stormed the Ottoman fort at Izmail. ANSWER: Alexander Suvorov [or Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov ] [10e] Kosciuszko’s Uprising occurred during the reign of this enlightened despot and Empress of Russia who was advised by Grigory Potemkin. ANSWER: Catherine the Great [or Catherine II ; prompt on Catherine; prompt on Princess Sophie of Anhalt-Zerbst] <GT, European History> 12. The deity K’awiil is often depicted with one of these objects on his forehead being pierced by an ax and emitting flames. For 10 points each: [10m] Name these objects. An Aztec deity whose name is commonly translated as one of these objects was often depicted as a black jaguar and ruled over the first creation before being struck down by Quetzalcoatl. ANSWER: smoking mirror [prompt on obsidian by asking “fashioned into what object?”] [10e] This apparition who shares her name with a cocktail is said to appear from a mirror if you repeat her name three times. ANSWER: Bloody Mary [10h] In fēng shuǐ, one of these symbols with two solid lines separated by a broken line is placed on mirrors to bring fire energy into a home. The I Ching lists combinations of these Daoist symbols that represent yin and yang and appear on South Korea’s flag. ANSWER: bagua [or pa kua ; accept the Eight Trigram s; prompt on hexagrams] <GE, Beliefs> 13. A 2009 analysis by Ravishankara et al. found that, more than any CFC, this compound is the largest cause of ozone depletion in the 21st century. For 10 points each: [10h] Name this compound emitted by soil microbes, which is inert in the troposphere but gets photolyzed into ozone-depleting species in the stratosphere. ANSWER: N 2 O (“N-2-O”) [or nitrous oxide ] [10m] N 2 O photolysis is the chief source of this specific set of reactive nitrogen species in the stratosphere. These compounds react with V·O·Cs to form smog and with water and oxygen to form acid rain; you may give either the shorthand or all the compounds in the class. ANSWER: NOx (“nox”) compounds [accept NO AND NO 2 (“N-O-2”) ; accept nitric oxide AND nitrogen dioxide ; reject partial answers] [10e] Fortunately, the combined effect of N 2 O and CFC emission on ozone levels is less than expected, since NO 2 reacts with this element’s radical monoxide to sequester it. This halogen has the highest atomic number of elements in CFCs. ANSWER: chlorine [or Cl ] <VD, Other Science: Earth Science> 14. At the end of the novel in which they appear, this character tells the protagonist “you did the right thing” and to “look at the painting” and “listen to the wind.” For 10 points each: [10h] Name this character who analogizes fate to a “small sandstorm that keeps changing directions.” They frequently refer to the protagonist as the “world’s toughest fifteen-year-old.” ANSWER: Crow [or the boy named Crow or Karasu to yoba reru shōnen]

[10m] The boy named Crow may be interpreted as a representation of this character’s subconscious. This protagonist runs away from home and takes shelter in a private library owned by Miss Saeki. ANSWER: Kafka [or Kafuka ] [10e] Kafka on the Shore is by this Japanese author who also wrote The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle and Norwegian Wood . ANSWER: Haruki Murakami [or Murakami Haruki] <CH, World and Other Literature> 15. In the 1970s, police officer Godfrey Qualls would dominate this city’s underground street racing scene with the Black Ghost before disappearing into the night. For 10 points each: [10e] Name this city whose “Big Three” muscle cars were the Challenger, Camaro, and Mustang manufactured locally by Dodge, Chevy, and Ford respectively. ANSWER: Detroit [10h] This avenue’s annual “Dream Cruise” and Roadkill Nights commemorate its history as a street racing hotspot. This road, now the M-1, was the first mile of concrete highway in the world. ANSWER: Woodward Avenue [10m] A Dodge Challenger modified by Cotton Owens finished 2nd at the 1972 iteration of this race, in which participants race from New York to LA. ANSWER: Cannonball Run [accept the Cannonball Challenge] <GE, Geography> 16. Katharine Carl’s portraits of a ruler of these people show her hair characteristically divided into two parts, draped over a fan-shaped frame, and ornamented with flowers and jewels. For 10 points each: [10h] Name these people, whose women wore three earrings in each ear and high platform shoes likened to horse hooves that imitated the gait of women with “golden lotuses.” ANSWER: Manchu [prompt on Chinese] [10e] Carl was prohibited from including shadows when painting this Manchu dowager empress, who wears the liǎngbǎtóu hairstyle and claw-like fingernail covers in numerous portraits. ANSWER: Cíxǐ [accept Yehe Nara Xingzhen ] [10m] Cixi (“tsih-shee”) enjoyed dressing as this figure with costumes like a white hood drawn from Peking Opera and a kasaya - like shawl in photographs by Xunling. This figure is traditionally depicted with a willow branch and vial of water. ANSWER: Guān Yīn [accept Avalokiteśvara ] <AY, Other Arts: Visual> 17. A woman gives birth to several noseless daughters after her former husband tears off her nose in a work by this author that provided a term for “werewolf” in French. For 10 points each: [10h] Name this medieval author who probably worked in the court of King Henry II. This author wrote several tales inspired by the oral traditions of Brittany, such as Lanval . ANSWER: Marie de France [10m] Two answers required . Marie de France’s Breton lai “The Chevrefoil” retells a meeting of these two characters in a forest. These two legendary characters fall in love while one takes the other to marry his uncle Mark. ANSWER: Tristan AND Iseult [accept Isolde in place of Iseult] [10e] Marie also published a set of Anglo-Norman translations of Aesop’s Fables, which she translated from this author’s Old English version. This first king of the Anglo-Saxons had the epithet “the Great.” ANSWER: Alfred the Great <MB, British Literature>