Packet 09

2023 ARCADIA Edited by Michael Bucknall, Vincent Du, Ganon Evans, Jim Fan (head), Henry Goff, Eric Gunter, Kevin Jiang, Evan Knox, Caroline Mao, Grant Peet, Ryan Rosenberg, Jonathan Shauf, Kevin Thomas, Justin Zhang, and Ivvone Zhou Written by Rasheeq Azad, Matt Capobianco, Jacob Egol, Michael Eng, Crow He, Hasna Karim, Rahul Keyal, Sam Kung, Ashish Subramanian, Graham Troy, Annabelle Yang, and the editors Packet 9 : Sima Liu, oh I haven’t heard of that Chinese historian Tossups 1. This deity is worshipped in open fields by performing the veṟiyāu dance and spreading flowers on a flag of a rooster. A festival held near the full moon of the month Thai celebrates when this deity slew the demon Sūrapadmaṉ. The faithful carry kāvaḍi to the “Six Abodes” of this deity, which includes a temple in the Paḻaṉi hills where this deity entered seclusion. In a Saṅgam poem dedicated to this deity, he instructs a sage to create the (*) Tamil language. The spear Vēl is wielded by this deity, who is accompanied by the consorts Vaḷḷi and Devasenā. While riding a peacock, this deity lost a competition for a mango from his parents Shiva and Pārvatī after he lost a race to his younger brother Gaṇesha. For 10 points, name this Hindu god of war. ANSWER: Kartikeya [accept Skanda or Subrahmanya or Shanmukha ; accept Mahasena or Kumara ; accept Murugan or Murugu ] <GE, Beliefs> 2. This battle resulted in one side returning to their “Fleet in Being” strategy for the rest of a war. One side in this battle had their plans of a pincer attack prevented by the cryptanalysis department Room 40. One side in this battle suffered from their prioritization of a high rate of gunnery with low-quality armor-piercing shells. A commander in this battle who remarked, “There seems to be something wrong with our bloody ships today,” chased an enemy during the “Run to the South.” Reinhard (*) Scheer’s fleet sunk the HMS Invincible in this battle but retreated when the Grand Fleet, commanded by John Jellicoe, managed to “cross the T” twice. This 1916 battle resulted in a continued blockade of Germany. For 10 points, name this largest naval battle of World War I, named for its location near the coast of Denmark. ANSWER: Battle of Jutland [accept Jutland or the Jutland ; accept the Battle of Skagerrak or Skagerrak schlact] <GT, European History> 3. Ultracold neutrons were produced by transferring momentum from fast neutrons to these particles in a 2011 paper by Piegsa et al. Hydrodynamic transport of these particles can result in very high thermal conductivity due to wavelike heat transfer. These particles make up the linear portion of a dispersion relation that also includes maxons and rotons in superfluid helium. Scattering between two of these particles can occur by a normal or an (*) Umklapp process. Depending on whether neighboring atoms are in or out of phase, these quasiparticles are classified as “optical” or “acoustic.” In a crystal, these quasiparticles can be derived by considering each atom in its lattice site as a harmonic oscillator and then taking the normal modes. For 10 points, name these quasiparticles that are the quanta of sound. ANSWER: phonon s (The clue in the second sentence describes second sound.) <RA, Physics> 4. This real-life author befriends society hostess Lesley Hamlyn, a confidant of Dr. Sun Yat Sen and murderess Ethel Proudlock, during a visit to Penang in Tan Twan Eng’s 2023 novel The House of Doors . A line from Christopher Isherwood’s translation of the Katha Upanishad titles a novel by this author about a World War I pilot’s search for enlightenment in India. The missionary Davidson fails to moralize a prostitute in Pago Pago named (*) Sadie Thompson in one of many stories this author set on the South Sea, “Rain.” This author created a stockbroker who abandons his family to become an artist in Tahiti in a novel retelling the life of

Paul Gauguin. For 10 points, name this British novelist of The Moon and Sixpence , who wrote about the club-footed orphan Philip Carey in Of Human Bondage . ANSWER: W. Somerset Maugham [or William Somerset Maugham ] (Proudlock is the subject of Maugham’s story “The Letter.” The novel is The Razor’s Edge .) <RK, British Literature> 5. In one scene from this film, a character confesses that he can’t swim before jumping off a cliff despite being told that the fall will kill him anyway. A woman in this film played by Katharine Ross rides away on the front of a bicycle in a scene set to “Raindrops Keep Fallin’ On My Head.” Gabriel García Márquez’s “Dangerous Loves” was premiered by an institute named for a character from this film whose 2023 (*) Dramatic Grand Jury Prize went to A Thousand and One . At this film’s conclusion, a mustached character dual-wields pistols in a freeze frame set to the sound of a Bolivian fire squad. A character from this film names the largest independent US film festival, which is hosted in Utah. For 10 points, name this 1969 film in which Paul Newman and Robert Redford play the title pair of outlaws. ANSWER: Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid <GE, Other Arts: Visual> 6. This ruler destroyed a Jesuit-built church named after his grandfather before pardoning Jesuits and allowing it to be rebuilt the next year. This ruler’s daughter was a learned Sufi and wrote a biography of Moinuddin Chishti; that daughter would later care for this ruler during house arrest. This ruler’s campaign against the Safavids stalled after three failed sieges of Kandahar. This ruler’s father allowed this ruler’s stepmother to dominate the court, prompting a failed rebellion, but this ruler nevertheless overcame (*) Sharyar Mirza in a later succession crisis. This ruler’s choice of Dara Shikoh as his successor began a crisis that resulted in his usurpation and imprisonment in Agra Fort. For 10 points, Aurangzeb succeeded what Mughal emperor who built the Taj Mahal? ANSWER: Shah Jahan [accept Khurram ] <JF, World History> 7. A 24-part epic poem by this poet reflects on looking out at the Arkansas landscape. In one work, this poet described how after breaking a vase, the “love that reassembles the fragments is stronger” than that which “took its symmetry for granted whole.” Ruth Padel was forced to resign as Oxford Professor of Poetry after reports arose that she had alerted journalists of harassment charges against this poet. This poet described a time in which you would “greet yourself arriving at your own door” in (*) “Love after Love.” The difficulty in seeing “emptiness as desolation” was mentioned in describing the home region of this poet in a Nobel lecture subtitled “Fragments of Epic Memory.” This poet lamented how “the classics can console, but not enough” at the end of his poem “Sea Grapes.” For 10 points, name this St. Lucian poet who wrote Omeros . ANSWER: Derek Walcott <JF, World and Other Literature> 8. In one technique, fractions of this property called Manders’s coefficients are calculated after Costes’s randomization method quantifies the background threshold value by repeatedly recalculating Pearson’s correlation coefficient. One mutant with this property has a histidine substitution at the tyrosine-66 position. Linkers like R·S·I·A·T tether protein fragments in a bimolecular technique named for this property. Both (*) Cy3 and Cy5 exhibit this property in a technique named for Förster. Colocalization determines co-occurrence of proteins by examining the spatial overlap of this property, which can be produced by reporter genes like tdTomato and mCherry. In flow cytometry, lasers activate cells labeled with markers that exhibit this phenomenon, its namesake “phores.” For 10 points, name this phenomenon exhibited by luciferase and GFP. ANSWER: fluorescence [accept word forms; accept fluorophore s; accept green or blue fluorescent protein; accept fluorescence resonance energy transfer; accept bimolecular fluorescence complementation; prompt on

ANSWER: Georgia [accept Cherokee Nation v. Georgia ; accept Worcester v. Georgia ] <EK, American History> 13. The fast section of one of these pieces is dominated by a staccato sixteenth note melody, first played piano and then in frenzied octaves, which begins [read slowly] “F G A B-flat C B-flat A B-flat C, C.” Franz Doppler orchestrated six of these pieces. These pieces often use a harmonic minor scale with a raised fourth, such as in a late one based on a march that also appears in Berlioz’s (*) Damnation of Faust . Marc-André Hamelin wrote a celebrated cadenza for the second of these pieces, which opens with a “gracenote C-sharp, C-sharp,” followed by “C-sharp – B, C-sharp – B.” Tom plays the second of these pieces in the Tom and Jerry episode The Cat Concerto . These pieces are divided into slow lassan and fast friska sections. For 10 points, dances like the verbunkos and csárdás (“CHAR-dahsh”) inspired what set of 19 virtuosic piano pieces by Franz Liszt? ANSWER: Hungarian Rhapsodies [prompt on rhapsodies] (The scale is the Hungarian minor scale; the fifteenth Hungarian Rhapsody is based on the Rákóczi March.) <VD, Auditory Fine Arts> 14. A type of these phenomena is significant only within distances on the order of the “radius of deformation.” The Pierson–Moskowitz spectrum describes the distribution of these phenomena when a system is in a state of equilibrium described as “fully developed.” A model of these phenomena sets zero equal to [read slowly] the time derivative of u plus the third spatial derivative of u plus 6 times u times the spatial derivative of u . The speed of these phenomena is given by the square root of the quantity (*) g times d under an approximation that holds depth to be much less than the horizontal scale of motion. The rotation of the Earth produces large-scale examples of these phenomena named for Kelvin and Rossby. Examples of these phenomena called solitons are sometimes identified with unusually large “rogue” ones of them. For 10 points, name these phenomena whose heights measured from crest to trough. ANSWER: wave s [accept ocean wave s or water wave s; accept rogue wave s; accept shallow water wave s; accept atmospheric wave s or tropospheric wave s or stratospheric wave s; accept (equatorial) Kelvin waves ; accept Rossby waves ; accept surface waves ; accept gravity waves ; accept soliton s until read] (The first line describes oceanic Kelvin waves. The third line is the Korteweg–de Vries equation.) <VD, Other Science: Earth Science> 15. A collection from this country begins with the prologue “Little Ballad of the Three Rivers” and inspired the name of Robert Bly’s “deep image” poetic movement. The magazine Blue Overalls was edited by a group of poets from this country, who had previously formed on the 300th anniversary of the death of an author from this country who once had a facial feature compared to “a swordfish with an awful beard.” A poem from this country imagines a (*) woman with “eyes of cold silver” who “dreams on a balcony.” A poet from this country repeated, “I will not see it!” in the section “The Spilled Blood,” which is part of a poem that contains the refrain “at five in the afternoon.” For 10 points, name this country whose Generation of ‘27 included the author of “Lament for the Death of a Bullfighter,” Federico Garcia Lorca. ANSWER: Spain [or Kingdom of Spain or España or Reino de España ] <HG, European Literature> 16. Jerry Falwell labeled this person a “phony” for appealing for American sanctions during a visit to Kentucky to attend his daughter’s graduation. This first chairman of “The Elders” described an alienating and racist “final solution” in his country during the 1984 Nobel Peace Prize lecture. This man lambasted his own government for denying a visa to the Dalai Lama, with whom he wrote a 2016 book outlining (*) “eight pillars of joy.” This man, who wished to be called only “Arch,” advocated for the institution of a wealth tax on white citizens to fulfill his concept of a “Rainbow Nation.” This man used John Mbiti’s idea of “ubuntu” to chair the Truth and Reconciliation Commission. For 10 points, name this Anglican archbishop who opposed apartheid.

ANSWER: Desmond Tutu [or Desmond Mpilo Tutu ] <GP, British and Commonwealth History> 17. One concept known as buufis describes desires informed by high rates of information flow in and out of these places. In Purity and Exile , Liisa Malkki argues that these locations have worsened political conflict by enforcing “mytho-historical” views. It’s not a cathedral, but during the construction of one of these places in Rwanda, Shigeru Ban substituted aluminum rods with cardboard tubes. Footage from one of these places located in the (*) Cox’s Bazar district forms the cover of Ai Weiwei’s documentary Human Flow . The Lost Boys of Sudan inhabited one of these places in Kakuma, which, along with one in Dadaab, are the largest of these places run by the UNHCR. At one of these places, Steve McCurry took the Afghan Girl photograph for the cover of National Geographic . For 10 points, name these temporary settlements for displaced peoples. ANSWER: refugee camp s <AS, Other Academic> 18. The Deal–Grove model describes the rate of thermal oxidation of this material. The 1980s discovery that a porous version of this material displays room-temperature photoluminescence spurred interest in using it for photonics. This material is produced via deposition of a tri·chloro- precursor in the Siemens process. Pure boules of this material produced via the Czochralski process are cut and then coated with (*) photoresist in one process. Due to cost, this indirect bandgap material’s polycrystalline form is more prevalent than its monocrystalline form for PV applications. This material, which shares diamond’s lattice structure, is often “doped” with group 13 or 15 elements like boron or phosphorus to improve its conductivity. For 10 points, wafers of what elemental semiconductor are used to create integrated circuits? ANSWER: silicon [or Si ; accept crystalline silicon , monocrystalline silicon , or polycrystalline silicon ; reject “amorphous silicon”; reject “silica” or “silicone”; reject “quartz”] <VD, Chemistry> 19. In a story by this author, the protagonist’s boyfriend tells her that the religious experiences she describes “have a very obvious psychological background” during a conversation intercut with him eating frog legs. The protagonist of a short story by this author claims that people have to vomit up the logic contained in the apple from Eden while talking to the teacher Nicholson. One of this author’s characters practices praying without ceasing after reading the book (*) The Way of a Pilgrim . While discussing reincarnation, the protagonist of a short story by this author predicts his death from his sister Booper pushing him into a swimming pool. After meeting Sybil Carpenter on a beach, the protagonist of a short story by this author returns to his hotel room and shoots himself. For 10 points, name this creator of the Glass family, the author of The Catcher in the Rye . ANSWER: J. D. Salinger [or Jerome David Salinger ] <CM, American Literature> 20. A 1977 paper by Phelim Boyle pioneered Monte Carlo methods for valuing these things, which are optimal to use when there are multiple sources of uncertainty. William Sharpe proposed a binomial tree model for the price of these things which under the CRR method sets u as “ e raised to ‘sigma times the square root of delta- t ’” and d as the inverse of u . A model originally for these things makes four assumptions about the market, including no arbitrage and no transaction costs. The (*) American type of these things can be exercised at any time, in contrast to the European type of these things, whose price can be calculated using the Black–Scholes formula. For 10 points, name these derivatives whose main varieties are called puts and calls and give the holder the sell and purchase rights for an underlying asset. ANSWER: option s [prompt on derivatives; prompt on puts or calls by asking “that is a type of what derivative?”; reject “securities”] <JF, Social Science>

ANSWER: Kenya’s independence from the United Kingdom [accept equivalent descriptions; accept Uhuru no Kazi; accept Jamhuri Day; accept Madaraka Day or self-rule because even though the novel doesn’t refer to it as such the event/day are more or less equivalent; reject “Mau Mau Rebellion”] [10e] This author wrote about Kenya’s independence in A Grain of Wheat and also wrote the novel Petals of Blood . ANSWER: Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o [10h] In this other novel, Ludo bricks herself into her apartment in Luanda on the brink of Angola’s independence and lives for 30 years off growing vegetables and catching pigeons on the balcony. ANSWER: A General Theory of Oblivion [accept Teoria Geral do Esquecimento ] <AS, World and Other Literature> 5. This genre is extensively defined in the liner notes to the Grateful Dead album Grayfolded , which includes remixes of their song “Dark Star.” For 10 points each: [10h] Name this musical genre defined as “Audio Piracy as a Compositional Prerogative” in a John Oswald essay. Works in this genre, like sound collages, are made by piecing together bits from recognizable existing music. ANSWER: plunderphonics [10m] Plunderphonics artists create works using this technique, which is frequently used in hip-hop for drum breaks. DJ Shadow’s album Endtroducing….. was made almost entirely through this technique. ANSWER: sampling [or chopping samples ] [10e] Plunderphonics’s exclusive use of samples is contrasted with a style of hip-hop production named for these devices, which DJs move back and forth to create a “scratching” effect. ANSWER: turntables [or record players or phonographs or gramophones ; accept turntablism ; prompt on discs, vinyl records, or vinyls by asking “on what devices are those used?”] <CH, Auditory Fine Arts> 6. K. Barry Sharpless won the 2022 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for “the development of click chemistry.” Answer some questions about click reactions, for 10 points each. [10h] This motif is the most ring-strained nitrogen heterocycle, making ring-opening reactions involving these rings efficient and therefore describable as “click.” ANSWER: aziridine [10e] Electron-deficient rings like epoxides and aziridines can frequently be opened by these reactive chemical species that are typically basic and negatively charged. These species “attack” electrophiles. ANSWER: nucleophile s [accept Nuc ] [10m] Another click chemistry reaction is this reaction, in which nucleophiles attack alpha-beta-unsaturated ketones or other namesake “acceptors.” ANSWER: Michael addition [or Michael reaction; accept Michael 1,4-addition; prompt on 1,4-conjugate addition] <JZ, Chemistry> 7. Rosalind Rosenberg’s biography of this person argues that they would have identified as transgender today, placing their identity struggle at the center of achievements like becoming the first Black female Episcopal priest. For 10 points each: [10h] Name this activist and lawyer from Durham, North Carolina. Ruth Bader Ginsburg listed this person as a coauthor on her brief in Reed v. Reed to recognize her legal work linking the 14th Amendment to gender equality. ANSWER: Pauli Murray [or Anna Pauline Murray ] [10e] Murray alluded to these laws in coining the name of a term that emphasizes connections between racial segregation and gender inequality. These laws enforced segregation in the post-Reconstruction South. ANSWER: Jim Crow laws [accept Jane Crow ] [10m] Along with Betty Friedan, Pauli Murray co-founded this organization in 1966, which they intended to be a “NAACP for women.” This largest feminist organization in the United States was a major supporter of the ERA. ANSWER: NOW [or National Organization for Women ]

<AS, American History> 8. Two answers required . Ursula K. Le Guin noted that when judged by the standards of fantasy, “modernist realist fiction…is suffocating and unimaginative” in an essay titled for these two groups and “the Fantasists.” For 10 points each: [10m] Name these two groups that title a 1936 lecture that divides Beowulf into Part A: youth and Part B: age, and argues for “accepting Grendel and the dragon.” ANSWER: the monsters AND the critics [accept “The Critics, the Monsters, and the Fantasists ”] [10e] “The Monsters and the Critics” is by this writer. Le Guin’s essay praises this author’s The Lord of the Rings as a hallmark of fantasy literature. ANSWER: J. R. R. Tolkien [or John Ronald Reuel Tolkien ] [10h] This author of The Tough Guide to Fantasyland recalled being one of only two students who went to Tolkien’s lectures. Sophie becomes a cleaning lady for the title wizard in this author’s novel Howl’s Moving Castle . ANSWER: Diana Wynne Jones <CM, British Literature> 9. Patricia Churchland’s book Neurophilosophy argues that a “folk” variety of this discipline commonly invoked by philosophers fails to causally explain human action and should be corrected using neuroscience. For 10 points each: [10e] Name this discipline that studies mind and behavior and was practiced by Carl Jung. ANSWER: psychology [prompt on psychoanalysis by asking “can you be less specific?”] [10h] Proponents of this view often argue against the use of neuroscience in philosophy. This view holds that a mental state is characterized by the role that it plays within a larger system. ANSWER: functionalism [10m] Churchland’s Neurophilosophy ultimately seeks to put forward a theory of mind based on an “eliminative” form of this position, which holds that only physical things exist. ANSWER: eliminative materialism <MB, Philosophy> 10. Before his ouster as chair of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Bob Menendez strongly opposed the sale of F-16s to Turkey as a concession for Sweden’s accession to this alliance. For 10 points each: [10e] Name this military alliance currently led by Jens Stoltenberg. Finland joined this alliance in April 2023 after a swing of popular opinion following the Russian invasion of Ukraine. ANSWER: NATO [or North Atlantic Treaty Organization ] [10m] This country was the latest to join NATO before Finland. Bulgaria has blocked this country’s accession to the European Union due to claims of state-supported hate speech. ANSWER: North Macedonia [or Republic of North Macedonia or Republika Severna Makedonija or Macedonia or Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia or FYROM ] [10h] North Macedonia’s NATO accession plan faced a naming challenge that was resolved by this agreement. This agreement added the qualifier “North” and stipulates that North Macedonia will not publicly use the Vergina Sun. ANSWER: Prespa Agreement <KJ, Current Events> 11. Like autotoxicity, the accumulation of this phenomenon’s remnants contributes to “replant disease,” or the inability of new plants like apples to establish themselves in soil formerly inhabited by a related species. For 10 points each: [10h] Name this condition, classically exemplified by the black walnut tree, in which a plant’s roots or leaf litter release biotoxins like juglone to inhibit the growth and reproductive potential of a competing organism. ANSWER: negative allelopathy [prompt on amensalism]

15. In studying the political salience of these divisions, D. N. Posner argued that the Chewa and Tumbuka are allies in Zambia but adversaries in Malawi due to community size relative to the national political arena. For 10 points each: [10h] Name these large-scale sociocultural divisions that align with differing political interests. In 1967, Lipset and Rokkan found that these divisions determined party systems and voter alignment in Western Europe. ANSWER: cleavage s [reject “cross-cutting cleavages”] [10e] Accounting for “political relevance,” Posner found that ethnic fractionalization correlates inversely with this variable in Africa. This variable is calculated as the percent rate of increase in GDP. ANSWER: economic growth [10m] Factoring out the Kalanga and San gives this wealthy country zero politically-relevant fractionalization. In Why Nations Fail , this country’s successfully-managed diamond industry is contrasted with Zimbabwe’s failures. ANSWER: Botswana <AS, Social Science> 16. Griselda Pollock and Rozsika Parker authored a book playing on this term, drawing from a 1972 art exhibition which pointed out that there was no equivalent reverential term to describe women. For 10 points each: [10e] Give this two-word term categorizing great artists of the past, also used to describe printed images created before roughly the end of the 18th century. Auden claimed, “about suffering, [these people] were never wrong.” ANSWER: Old Master s [accept Old Mistress es] [10m] Old Mistresses discusses how this Swiss founding member of the Academy was not admired for her talent but “expected to be beautiful” as a female artist. This artist painted a self-portrait hesitating between painting and music. ANSWER: Angelica Kauffman [10h] Old Mistresses highlights that this artist, who painted an aged self-portrait holding an image of her sister, succeeded despite a lack of conventional beauty. This Venetian artist specialized in snuffbox miniatures and pastels. ANSWER: Rosalba Carriera <AY, Visual Fine Arts> 17. Before Among Us , there was Bram Stoker’s book Famous Impostors , in which he argued that this monarch died at age 10 and was replaced by the Bisley Boy. For 10 points each: [10e] Name this monarch whom Stoker believed was being literal when she claimed that she had the “heart and stomach of a king” before Francis Drake faced the Spanish Armada. ANSWER: Elizabeth I [accept Elizabeth Tudor ; prompt on Elizabeth] [10h] Stoker was closer to the truth in discussing how Stephen the Little became Tsar of this non-Russian country by claiming to be Peter III. Danilo I secularized this prince-bishopric and united its clan-based zbor assembly. ANSWER: Montenegro [or Crna Gora ; accept the Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro or Mitropolstvo Crnogorsko ] [10m] Stoker also examined an 1835 craze in which reports of “man-bats” on the Moon were attributed to a scientist with this surname who created the first blueprint. A Hanover-born woman with this surname was the first salaried female scientist and performed “comet sweeping.” ANSWER: Herschel [accept John Herschel ; accept Caroline Herschel ] <GE, European History> 18. Rev your engines, and when I say “Go!,” answer some questions about cars, for 10 points each. Ready, set, go! [10e] This element of the drivetrain adapts the amount of torque delivered to the wheels based on driving conditions; for example, less torque is needed on the highway than off-road. This element can be either “automatic” or “manual.” ANSWER: transmission [accept gearbox ]

[10h] The four-stroke engine of a traditional, gas-guzzling car follows the Otto cycle, whose efficiency depends on the adiabatic index and this dimensionless quantity. For diesel engines, this quantity is usually between 14-to-1 and 23-to-1. ANSWER: compression ratio [accept static compression ratio or dynamic compression ratio ] [10m] When a car turns, the inner wheels travel less distance than the outer wheels. To avoid the wheels slipping, this drivetrain element splits the engine power between wheels rotating at different speeds. ANSWER: differential <RA, Physics> 19. Vladimir Nabokov’s lecture on this author criticizes translators’ disregard of this author’s use of semicolons before the word “and,” such as in a passage in which the protagonist watches rain fall in Rouen. For 10 points each: [10e] Name this French author, whom Nabokov complained had such “ignoble, treacherous, and philistine translators” that “one would think that” Monsieur Homais had translated this author’s novel Madame Bovary . ANSWER: Gustave Flaubert [10m] Part of the difficulty of translating Madame Bovary is due to Flaubert’s ruthless pruning of the novel in his search for this thing. You may give the two or three-word French term used by Flaubert, or the English translation. ANSWER: “le mot juste ” [or the right word or the precise word or the exact word ] [10h] Nabokov quotes several of Flaubert’s descriptions of these things, which are compared to a dimming lamp near the end of the novel. The inconsistent colors of these things have puzzled Flaubert critics like Enid Starkie. ANSWER: Emma Bovary’s eyes [accept Madame Bovary’s eyes ; prompt on Bovary’s eyes] <CM, European Literature> 20. Kamal Ali created an electronic, interactive example of these objects that autoplays instructions to perform salah. For 10 points each: [10e] Name these objects that face the qibla as Muslims pray on top of them five times per day. ANSWER: prayer rug s [or janamaz ; or prayer mat s; or prayer carpet s] [10m] A common instruction on the My Salah Mat is to perform this act of prostration with the forehead and nose to the ground. It is not to be confused with rukū’, which is a standing bow. ANSWER: sujūd [10h] The My Salah Mat lacks traditional designs, such as the incorporation of these objects to reference the 24th Sūrah in which God is compared to one of these objects that appears as a “pearly white star” in a niche. ANSWER: lamp s [accept oil lamp s; prompt on lights] (The quote referenced is the Verse of Light.) <GE, Beliefs>