Packet 07

2023 ARCADIA Edited by Michael Bucknall, Vincent Du, Ganon Evans, Jim Fan (head), Henry Goff, Eric Gunter, Kevin Jiang, Evan Knox, Caroline Mao, Grant Peet, Ryan Rosenberg, Jonathan Shauf, Kevin Thomas, Justin Zhang, and Ivvone Zhou Written by Rasheeq Azad, Matt Capobianco, Jacob Egol, Michael Eng, Crow He, Hasna Karim, Rahul Keyal, Sam Kung, Ashish Subramanian, Graham Troy, Annabelle Yang, and the editors Packet 7 : I must confess I am not very good at placing IVs, but I’m sure I could get around that in tick form Tossups 1. Set took the form of a black boar to swallow an entity identified as one of these objects. After returning to Atum with Tefnut and Shu, a figure identified as one of these objects was placated with transformation into the first uraeus (“yoo-REE-us”) . During his battles with Horus, Set buried these objects on a mountainside, where they grew into lotuses. Thoth journeyed to Nubia to convince the Distant Goddess, also known as one of these objects, to return to Egypt, where she reverted to a more benevolent form after seeing music and dancing. Sekhmet and (*) Bast have been identified with that goddess representing the wrath of the sun, known as one of these objects belonging to Ra. Thoth used minerals and plants to fill and heal one of these body parts, which was depicted as the protective wedjat . For 10 points, what body parts belonging to Horus represented the sun and moon? ANSWER: eye s [accept the Eye of Horus or the Eye of Ra; accept wedjat until read] <AY, Beliefs> 2. Madagascar’s famine has been exacerbated by events of this type known as tiomena , which gain their characteristic red tint from iron-rich laterite. Outbreaks of meningococcal meningitis in its namesake “belt” correlate with increased instances of these events during the Harmattan. The Bodélé Depression of Lake Chad feeds many of these events whose simoom variety can overwhelm the sweating response causing sudden (*) heatstroke. Thunderstorms may accompany instances of these events known as haboobs . They’re not floods, but these events form the majority of loess deposits. Pneumonia and silicosis may result from excessive exposure to these events that, in Africa, provide enriching nutrients to the Amazon Basin. For 10 points, the Sahara is plagued by what events characterized by loose particles of earth blown by strong winds? ANSWER: sandstorm s [or dust storm s; accept SDS ; accept simoom s or simoon until read; accept haboob ; accept answers indicating clouds of dust or sand or dirt or silt or clay or soil blown by strong wind s; prompt on storms or wind by asking “what is the storm/wind carrying?”] <KT, Geography> 3. The protagonist of a novel by this author is a time traveler who becomes Lilith’s lover and stops Abraham from sacrificing Isaac. After fainting in a crowded church, the protagonist of a novel by this author realizes that all of the people depicted in the church’s artworks have had their eyes covered with paint or cloth. The title character of a novel by this author is forced to sacrifice his favorite sheep while apprenticed to a (*) shepherd, who is the Devil in disguise. This author created a woman who stabs the leader of a group of thugs in the throat with scissors while living in a hospital ward with the girl with dark glasses. A novel by this author begins with a city falling victim to the “white sickness,” to which only the doctor’s wife is immune. For 10 points, name this Portuguese author of Blindness . ANSWER: José Saramago [or José de Sousa Saramago ] (The first novel is Cain. ) <CM, European Literature> 4. Styrene-maleic acid copolymers are used to create native nanodiscs that mimic the environment of these structures. Partially immobilized annular shells may bind to this structure’s proteins while interacting with certain “bulk” compounds. In models, these structures can coexist in gel, liquid-ordered, and

liquid-disordered phases. Eicosanoids are produced in a pathway that [emphasize] originates from one of these structures in which enzymes like ALOX5 and COX1 act on arachidonic acid, which is released from that structure. (*) Prostaglandins are derived from these structures, which contain sphingolipid-rich “rafts.” Unlike peptide hormones, steroid hormones can cross these structures, which contain amphipathic molecules with hydrophobic tails and a hydrophilic head as seen in the fluid mosaic model. For 10 points, phospholipid bilayers comprise what protective structures? ANSWER: membrane s [accept cell membrane or plasma membrane ; accept specific organellar membranes such as the mitochondrial membrane s or Golgi membrane or ER membrane ; accept lipid membrane s; accept lipid bilayer s or phospholipid bilayer s until read; prompt on lipid rafts until “rafts” is read by asking “what larger structure are they part of?”; prompt on lipids or phospholipids] <JZ, Biology> 5. In 2020, Borry et al. developed an “ID” method for determining this substance’s source. Population trends in ancient settlements can be determined by comparing the amount of a certain 27-carbon stanol with its “epi” derivative in this substance. They’re not bog bodies, but “paleo” examples of this substance form protective outer shells thanks to the Maillard reaction. An extremely large example of this substance belonging to a Viking is named for Lloyd’s Bank. The presence of this substance in the Paisley Caves is some of the earliest evidence of (*) human habitation in North America. Mary Anning discovered the first coprolites, which are fossilized examples of this non-hair substance that can be analyzed to determine parasitic infections or diet. For 10 points, name this substance that, when used as fertilizer, is called manure. ANSWER: feces [or dung or turd or scat or poop or excrement or shit or other synonyms; accept manure ; accept paleo feces ; accept coprolite s until read; accept coproID ] (CoproID is particularly useful in separating human feces from dog feces; coprostanol is used as a fecal biomarker in archaeology.) <KT, Ancient History and Archaeology> 6. Note to moderator: Read answerline carefully. One of these events concluded with the ascetic Koṇḍañña becoming the first stream-enterer. Because he was not physically present for some of these events, Ānanda originated the formulaic phrase “thus have I heard” at later events. The Dhamek Stupa commemorates the site of one of these events, which was also celebrated by Ashoka’s Lion Capital. Another of these events opened with the proclamation that “all is burning.” (*) Mahākāshyapa smiled after the central figure of one of these events silently held up a flower. The second of these events promulgated the “no-soul doctrine” or anattā. The first of these events occurred at Deer Park in Sārnāth, where teachings about escaping dukkha “set in motion” the wheel of Dharma. For 10 points, name these events, during which a religious leader enumerated teachings such as the Four Noble Truths. ANSWER: sermon s of the Buddha [or discourse s of the Buddha ; or speech es of the Buddha ; accept specific sermons like the First or Third Sermon of the Buddha ; accept either underlined portion of Siddhārtha Gautama in place of “Buddha”; accept Shākyamuni in place of “Buddha”; prompt on sutta or sutra by asking “what event is recorded?”; prompt on sermons; prompt on Flower Sermon or Fire Sermon by asking “who gave it?”] <AY, Beliefs> 7. A probability measure can be expressed as the sum of a singular measure and a measure with a kind of this property according to Lebesgue’s decomposition theorem. In a compact set, the Heine–Cantor theorem presents a statement about functions with this property that can be used to prove Cauchy’s Theorem. One can prove that a sequence of functions converges to one with this property by applying the Weierstrass M-test and uniform limit theorem together. An integral with non-infinite integrands is (*) improper if this property does not hold for at least one point in the interval of integration. Functions that scale distances by at most a constant factor demonstrate a strong form of this property named for Lipschitz. For 10 points, name this property that holds at a limit point if and only if the limit as the function approaches the limit point is equal to the function’s value at the limit point.

12. The Peano-Baker series is used to write the STM for general time-dependent systems with this property. Because centers are periodic but not isolated trajectories, limit cycles do not exist in systems with this property. This is the first of two properties that name a class of systems whose output can be obtained by convolving the input with the impulse response; those systems have this property and (*) time-invariance. Thevenin and Nortons’ theorems apply to circuits with this property, which circuit elements like diodes and transistors lack. Functions with this property satisfy additivity and homogeneity, or the principle of superposition. A current-voltage plot for an Ohmic circuit element will have this property. For 10 points, give this property that describes functions of the form y equals kx . ANSWER: linear [or word forms, like linearity or a line ; accept linear time-invariant or linear time-varying; accept linear systems or linear dynamical systems; prompt on LTI or LSI or LTV; accept linear circuits] <VD, Physics> 13. This state’s Bureau of Registry made copies of every single official document to ward off forgery. This state's administration began to use the word dīwān for its agencies, leading to the word's modern dual meaning as a bureau and as a collection of poetry. The Ghassanids, who widely converted to Islam under this state, initially served it as non-Muslim bureaucrats called mawālī . This state unified its military and tax bureaus under its ruler ‘Abd (*) al-Malik. This state began partially due to Uthman's patronage of a certain tribe of the Quraysh, and this state’s founder moved the capital to Damascus to solidify his power after he defeated Ali in the first Fitna. For 10 points, name this caliphate that replaced the Rashidun and was overthrown by the Abbasid. ANSWER: Umayyad Caliphate <GT, World History> 14. This thinker argued for a “science of man” that underlies mathematics, philosophy, and religion and provides a “solid foundation” for all other sciences. This thinker’s account of definition considers whether the term being defined is “annexed” to an idea. This thinker declared, “There be no such thing as Chance in the world,” before immediately arguing that there is a probability arising from chances. All simple ideas are derived from simple impressions according to this philosopher’s (*) copy principle. This philosopher’s distinction between relations of ideas and matters of fact has been dubbed their namesake “fork,” which this philosopher used to argue causation was merely “constant conjunction.” For 10 points, name this Scottish empiricist who wrote An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding . ANSWER: David Hume <MB, Philosophy> 15. A 2009 novel translated by Margaret Sayers Peden describes four decades of Tété’s life and her relationship with Valmorain in one of these places. The title character of one novel, who grows up with Mama Yaya, returns to one of these places out of love for John Indian. That character, who was born in one of these places, later ends up in a jail cell with Hester Prynne. One character returning from convent school discovers that her lover has been banished from one of these places for his (*) revolutionary socialist ideas. The death of his fiancée Rosa sparks the poor miner Esteban to restore one of these places to a “model” example, for which he assigns Pedro Segundo as foreman. For 10 points, Las Tres Marias is what type of place that is the primary source of income for the Trueba family in The House of the Spirits ? ANSWER: plantation s [accept hacienda s or estate s; prompt on houses; prompt on farms or similar answers; prompt on islands by asking “what specific places on those islands?”] (The unnamed novels are Maryse Conde’s I, Tituba, Black Witch of Salem and Allende’s Island Beneath the Sea .) <JF, World and Other Literature> 16. One form of this word “and Reality” titles a 1976 book that built on Frederick Bartlett’s schema to argue that studies of information processing should occur in “natural” settings. That work by Ulric Neisser followed

an earlier work that pioneered a subfield of psychology described by this adjective. This adjective describes a type of representation pioneered by Edward (*) Tolman whose neurological basis has been tied to place and grid cells. An assessment described by this adjective that identifies distortions and biases in thinking is an initial baseline used for a treatment described by this adjective. A therapy described by this adjective was combined with behavioral therapy to form what is currently the dominant form of talk therapy. For 10 points, name this adjective which describes a field of psychology that studies how people think. ANSWER: cognitive [accept cognitive psychology, cognitive map, cognitive therapy, or cognitive behavioral therapy; accept Cognition and Reality ; prompt on CBT] <JF, Social Science> 17. A 2x2 grid of these shapes features in a characteristic work of a pop artist exhibited at Andy Warhol’s 1962 show New Painting of Common Objects , Jim Dine. Filip Pagowski designed one of these shapes with large-pupiled eyes as part of a 2002 collection overseen by Rei Kawakubo. It’s not a baby, but lines emanate from one of these shapes, under which two stick figures dance, in an otherwise black-and-white image by (*) Keith Haring. Text and this shape comprise the most famous graphic design by Milton Glaser. A print featuring one of these shapes was partially shredded immediately after its purchase at a 2018 Sotheby’s auction; that print by Banksy depicts a girl holding a balloon in this shape. For 10 points, what shape appears next to the letters “I,” “N,” and “Y” in the logo I Love New York ? ANSWER: heart s [accept Four Heart s ; accept Two Figures with Heart ] (The second sentence refers to the Comme Des Garcons PLAY line.) <RK, Visual Fine Arts> 18. Beta-agostic interactions can promote one type of these reactions in catalytic hydrogenation reactions. Xanthate pyrolysis is practically irreversible thanks to the formation of stable carbonyl sulfide and thiol byproducts in a reaction of this type. Amines can be removed through exhaustive methylation followed by treatment with silver oxide in a reaction of this type named for (*) Hofmann. For bimolecular reactions of this type, an anti-periplanar arrangement of atoms is required. The unimolecular form of this reaction has the same intermediates as an SN1 reaction, so its products compete with substitution products. For 10 points, name these reactions that can form pi bonds through E2 or E1 mechanisms. ANSWER: elimination [accept beta-hydride elimination or reductive elimination or Chugaev elimination ; accept E2 until read; accept E1 until read] <JZ, Chemistry> 19. The title character of a short story by this author suggests, “maybe it was good to smell your own stink,” in a passage in which he slowly crushes an empty beer can. At the end of a story by this author, the narrator is reminded of his daughter’s death from polio as he watches a glass of Scotch and milk shake “like the very cup of trembling” on top of a piano. After reading about his arrest in the newspaper, an unnamed math teacher takes in his (*) heroin-addicted brother and watches him play jazz at a nightclub in a story that this author included in the collection Going to Meet the Man . A series of religious visions on a threshing-floor opens the final section of a novel by this author set on the 14th birthday of a preacher’s son named John Grimes. For 10 points, name this author of “Sonny’s Blues” and Go Tell It on the Mountain . ANSWER: James Baldwin [or James Arthur Baldwin ] <HG, American Literature> 20. The only presidential candidate from the America First Party had earlier stumped for a policy named for this concept that was often pitched with an anecdote about God calling “Come to my feast.” Muckraker Henry Demarest Lloyd published an exposé of Standard Oil titled for this concept, which he pitted against the state. Preacher Gerald L. K. Smith led a network of local clubs called a (*) “society” named for this concept. The slogan “Every Man a King” represented a policy named for this concept during the Great Depression. A person

Bonuses 1. The producer Liliane La Fleur reminisces about working at this establishment in an elaborate musical sequence from the Maury Yeston musical Nine . For 10 points each: [10h] Name this establishment whose shows inspired Florenz Ziegfeld’s Broadway shows. ANSWER: Folies Bergère (“FOL-lee bair-ZHAIR”) [prompt on follies; reject “Ziegfeld Follies”] [10m] After chorus roles in Broadway revues like Shuffle Along , this performer caused a sensation at the Folies Bergère performing in a skirt made only from rubber bananas and later served as a French Resistance spy. ANSWER: Josephine Baker [or Freda Josephine McDonald ] [10e] A different kind of performer at Parisian cabarets was this singer, whose short stature gave her the nickname “The Little Sparrow.” The signature song of this French chanteuse (“shan-TUHZ”) is “La vie en rose.” ANSWER: Édith Piaf [or Édith Giovanna Gassion ; or La Môme Piaf ] <JF, Other Arts: Auditory> 2. This thinker opined that “every scheme must be tried” for abolition, leading a book of his to be banned across the United States. For 10 points each: [10h] Name this thinker whose essay collection Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World encouraged the reader to oppose slavery by violent means. ANSWER: David Walker [10e] In his argument, Walker appeals to “republican virtue,” which was echoed in a later speech by Frederick Douglass that asked what this date means to a Black person. ANSWER: July 4 [accept “What to the Slave is the Fourth of July ?”; accept Independence Day ] [10m] Walker suggests that every Black person get a copy of this book so they can refute Query 14’s declaration of the natural inferiority of Black people. It details the geography of its title state and also includes passages advocating the separation of church and state. ANSWER: Notes on the State of Virginia (by Thomas Jefferson) <MB, American History> 3. A letter mailed from Concord, Massachusetts describes this “wonderful gift” of a book as the “most extraordinary piece of wit and wisdom that America has yet contributed.” For 10 points each: [10h] Name this “fortifying and encouraging” book extolled in a letter that warmly remarks, “I greet you at the beginning of a great career, which yet must have had a long foreground somewhere, for such a start.” ANSWER: Leaves of Grass [10e] That letter was by this transcendentalist, whose 1844 essay “The Poet” moved Whitman to write Leaves of Grass with its call to action for a new poetic genius in America. This author wrote the essay “Self-Reliance.” ANSWER: Ralph Waldo Emerson [10m] In his reply to Emerson, Whitman refers to him as a “dear friend” and by this title. A set of three passionate letters by Emily Dickinson are enigmatically addressed to an anonymous figure with this title. ANSWER: Master [accept Master letters] <RK, American Literature> 4. You are building a basic CPU with a classic RISC pipeline. Answer the following about a seemingly harmless instruction you may use, for 10 points each. [10m] Name this instruction, which can be used to implement a pipeline stall in certain architectures, including x86 and MIPS (“mips”) . A “sled” or “slide” is named for this instruction, which does nothing when executed. ANSWER: NOP [or no-op or NOOP or no operation ] [10h] In x86, a NOP is implemented by completing this atomic action equivalent to three MOV instructions on the AX register. This action can be used to implement a semaphore in x86 because it activates a bus lock.

ANSWER: XCHG [or exchanging two registers; accept descriptions of swap ping the contents of two registers] [10e] An attacker may install a NOP slide in memory while exploiting this type of vulnerability where the bounds of allocated memory are exceeded. A common coding website is named for this effect occurring to a stack. ANSWER: overflow [or overrun ; accept buffer overflow or buffer overrun ; accept Stack Overflow ] <KJ, Other Science: Computer Science> 5. Betty Hart and Todd Risley controversially asserted that children from households with lower values of this variable were exposed to 30 million fewer words by age 3. For 10 points each: [10m] Name this variable. Department store employees directed William Labov to the “fourth floor” in his study of how the pronunciation of the “R” sound changed depending on this variable. ANSWER: socioeconomic status [or socioeconomic class or social stratification or SES ; accept wealth or income or affluence ] [10e] In their critique of Hart and Risley’s word gap, Sperry, Miller, and Sperry point out that this oral practice of inventing or recounting events is very common in low-income communities. Bards performed this action. ANSWER: storytelling [or narration or telling stories ; accept synonyms for stories] [10h] Description acceptable . The original word gap study didn’t include this speech, which per Oshima-Takane et al. helps second-born children learn pronouns more quickly. Akhtar et al. found that kids learned as well from this speech as from child-directed speech. ANSWER: overheard speech [accept ambient speech; accept other-directed speech or adult-directed speech] <AY, Social Science> 6. In 2022, Swedish MEP Abir Al-Sahlani cut her ponytail off in the middle of a speech to the European Parliament while proclaiming this phrase in solidarity with ongoing Iranian protests. For 10 points each: [10h] Give this phrase. This phrase grew in popularity during the protests following the arrest and death of Mahsā Amini at the hands of Iran’s morality police. ANSWER: Woman, Life, Freedom [or Jin, Jiyan, Azadî or Zan, Zendegi, Āzādi ] [10m] “Woman, Life, Freedom” has its origins in Jineology, a feminist political philosophy promoted by this ethnic group. Mahsā Amini was a member of this ethnic group’s Sorani-speaking branch. ANSWER: Kurd s [or Kurdish people or gelê Kurd ] [10e] The slogan was popularized in the power ballad “Baraye,” whose lyrics are sourced from texts shared on this platform. The #MeToo movement first spread through the use of hashtags in posts on this platform. ANSWER: Twitter [or X ] <AS, Current Events> 7. In a post-apocalyptic Toronto, the crime boss Rudy is tasked with finding a human heart for the premier of Ontario in this novel. For 10 points each: [10h] Name this novel by Nalo Hopkinson about the young mother Ti-Jeanne, who suffers from visions of Afro-Caribbean spirits like the Jab-Jab. ANSWER: Brown Girl in the Ring [10m] Hopkinson’s work is often considered part of this movement, which was defined by Mark Dery in a series of interviews with thinkers like Samuel Delany for how it blended its namesake culture with science and technology. ANSWER: Afrofuturism [reject “Africanfuturism”] [10e] A magical version of Barbados appears in Hardears , an Afrofuturist work in this medium published in Megascope. Ta-Nehisi Coates authored a series of works in this medium about the superhero Black Panther. ANSWER: comics [or graphic novels ] <CH, World and Other Literature> 8. This compound is the heavier product of the water-gas shift reaction. For 10 points each:

ANSWER: “The Sorcerer’s Apprentice ” [or “ Der Zauberlehrling ”] [10m] A letter to Thomas More cited Lucian as the chief inspiration for this satirical essay by a Dutch author. The title goddess of this essay lambasts an “ocean of superstitions” in its opening encomium. ANSWER: In Praise of Folly [or The Praise of Folly ; or Stultitiae Laus ] (by Erasmus) <HG, European Literature> 12. This artist painted numerous depictions of Venus wearing nothing but jeweled chokers and large, elaborate hats sometimes decorated with pompoms. For 10 points each: [10m] Name this court painter to the Electors of Saxony, who also painted noblewomen wearing large hats. This artist signed his works with a winged snake holding a ruby ring and painted several portraits of Martin Luther. ANSWER: Lucas Cranach the Elder [prompt on Cranach] [10e] Cranach the Elder depicted this woman holding up a sword and “dressed to kill” wearing jeweled necklaces and ornate hats. A popular “Power of Women” motif showed this woman with the head of Holofernes. ANSWER: Judith [10h] Several of Cranach’s Venuses pose wearing large hats while Cupid holds one of these objects and complains. A sign on a tree in one such scene moralizes on pleasure and pain, like Cupid’s pain due to his theft of this object. ANSWER: honeycomb s <AY, Visual Fine Arts> 13. A local museum dubiously suggests that buildings made of this material were crafted by only using adzes, helping stoke the legend that they were instead crafted overnight by an army of angels. For 10 points each: [10m] Name this material that constitutes 11 churches at Lalibela, including one shaped like a cross. ANSWER: rock [accept stone ; accept descriptive answers such as carved from stone or rock -hewn; accept the Rock -Hewn Churches at Lalibela; reject “ground” or “dirt”] [10e] The rock-hewn churches of Lalibela are sacred to this country’s Orthodox Tewahedo Church. The Ark of the Covenant has been housed in this country since the reign of Menelik I. ANSWER: Ethiopia [or the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia ; accept the Ethiopia n Orthodox Tewahedo Church] [10h] Rock-hewn temples sacred to this deity were later converted into the crypts of Christian churches. A single entrance opposite an apse in the back was common in temples to this god home to frequent feasts. ANSWER: Mithras [accept Mithraism or the Mithraic mysteries or the Cult of Mithras ; accept Mithraeum or Mithraea or Mithreum or Mithraion ] <JF, Beliefs> 14. Answer the following about Matthäus Schwarz when he wasn’t asking artists to paint his butt “large and fat” for the world’s first fashion book, for 10 points each. [10h] Schwarz wrote a book on the “three-fold” method of this practice. Schwarz clarified to Maximilian I that one method of this practice wasn’t made by the Devil, but instead by the Franciscan monk Luca Pacioli. ANSWER: bookkeeping [accept word forms such as being a bookkeeper ; accept three-fold bookkeeping or double-entry bookkeeping ; prompt on accounting or finance] [10m] Schwarz worked for this family from Augsburg who feuded with the Welsers and became rich from copper mines in Tyrol. The world’s oldest public housing facility in use is named for this family. ANSWER: Fugger s (“FOOG-guh”) [accept the Fugger ei] [10e] In 1531, Schwarz wore six snazzy outfits to this man’s wedding in hopes of being made a noble. This Holy Roman Emperor convened the Diet of Worms and was the first to rule over both Spain and Austria. ANSWER: Charles V [or Carlos I of Spain; prompt on Charles or Carlos] <GT, European History> 15. The eyes are the windows to the soul, and to the pathologies of the nervous system. For 10 points each:

[10e] Description acceptable. Visual deficits of this nature localize lesions to the central rather than peripheral nervous system since they occur at or above the optic chiasm. Depth perception is facilitated by this trait, which combines separate fields of view to perceive 3D images. ANSWER: binocular ity [accept answers that indicate the involvement of both eyes ; accept stereoscopic vision or stereopsis ] [10m] A dilated pupil in a “down and out” directed eye can indicate the oculomotor nerve’s compression by this type of abnormality. Berry examples of these abnormalities, which occur within the brain’s circle of Willis, can cause sudden death due to excessive hemorrhaging. ANSWER: aneurysm [accept Berry aneurysm ] [10h] Lesions to the MLF, a white matter tract, in multiple sclerosis cause this visual motor impairment characterized by an inability to adduct (“uh-DUCT”) the ipsilateral eye and the nystagmus of the contralateral eye. ANSWER: internuclear ophthalmoplegia [or INO ] (The MLF is the medial longitudinal fasciculus.) <AY, Biology> 16. The speaker of Lawrence Ferlinghetti’s poem “Underwear” assures its addressee “There’s plenty of time my darling / are we not still young and easy?” after quoting this poem’s title. For 10 points each: [10h] Name this poem that offers assurances like “though they sink through the sea they shall rise again” and “though lovers be lost love shall not.” ANSWER: “ And death shall have no dominion ” [10e] “Underwear” repeatedly references and teases poems by this author of “And death shall have no dominion,” such as in its exhortation, “do not go naked into that good night.” ANSWER: Dylan Thomas [10m] Ferlinghetti’s poem “Assassination Raga” repeats a line by Thomas about “the force that drives through the fuse” described by this word. Thomas’s poem “Fern Hill” repeats, “time held me [this word] and dying.” ANSWER: green <JF, British Literature> 17. Early Hindu and Buddhist philosophers’ analyses of these concepts often drew on the work of the grammarian Pāṇini’s exploration of the relation between verb and noun. For 10 points each: [10m] Name these concepts whose division into substrate, non-substrate, and instrumental varieties in the Manual of Reason is often compared to the Western division of these concepts into material, formal, efficient, and final. ANSWER: cause s [10h] Annambhaṭṭa wrote the Manual of Reason to expound the views of this school’s modern “Navya” variant. This astika school’s sutra was written by Akṣapāda Gautama, and it primarily focuses on logic and epistemology. ANSWER: Nyāya [accept Navya- Nyāya ] [10e] Thinkers of the Nyāya school enumerated the pramanas, or ways of acquiring this concept, such as through experience and inference. Plato’s Theatetus defined this concept as “justified true belief.” ANSWER: knowledge <MB, Philosophy> 18. One of this composer’s students, Ludwig Berger, taught piano to the four Mendelssohn children. For 10 points each: [10h] Name this pianist and composer of the Classical era. Piano students often learn a C-major piece by this composer that opens with the refrain “C, short E – C, low G, G” and inspired a “bureaucratic” piece by Erik Satie. ANSWER: Muzio Clementi [10m] Clementi also taught Therese Jansen, a pianist to whom Haydn dedicated his final three pieces in this genre. Clara Schumann’s G minor piece for this chamber ensemble inspired Robert to write one in D minor a year later. ANSWER: piano trio s [prompt on trios]