Assignment-3-RE

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Humber College *

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3006

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Electrical Engineering

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Apr 3, 2024

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Assignment 3: Photovoltaic System (Solar Electricity) Sub: SCIE 3006 RE and Sustainable Future Student Name(s): _Mahima Kaur _________________________ Date: -31 Jan 2024--------------------- Note: Please understand all the terminology/steps carefully, discuss it with your classmate (or with me, if you have doubts), then calculate each empty box (as per the yellow steps) and write appropriate explanation in the given space. Grid Connected System without batteries ( Most of this type system are installed in Ontario ) Fig. 1 . PV System to be analyzed in this exercise Grid-connected PV system major components (it is assumed all the solar electricity is going to the grid network, no battery storage):  Solar modules (or solar panels) (convert sun’s radiation into DC electricity)  Inverter (convert DC power into AC power)  Grid network (accept generated AC power)  Power generation meter (it records the electricity generation for revenue collection) Grid 4, Generation meter

Table 1 shows the design and performance evaluation steps of a grid connected photovoltaic system in Ontario (Figure 1). Complete the value of empty boxes of Table 1 and Table 2 below (how to do these calculations is given in the yellow parts or see my slides). Table 1: Step Parameters System A Each PV Module DC Power Capacity (at 25 ° C cell temperature) 500 W B Number of PV Modules in the above System 8 C Area of each Module (m 2 ) 2.5 D System DC power rated output (W) ( A x B) 4000 E Module operating temperature (55 C): De-rate (reduction causes by the temperature) ⁰ 12% F System output after temperature de-rate (W) ( D x 0.88) 3520 G System output losses due to wiring: De-rate (reduction) of wire losses 3% H System output after including wiring losses (W) ( F x 0.97) 3414.4 I Inverter DC to AC power conversion efficiency 95% J Inverter Maximum AC power output (W) ( H x 0.95) 3243.68 K Average daily solar energy at the site (Peak Sun Hours) 4.5 PSH L Average daily energy production of the site (kWh/day) ( J x K/1000) 14.59 M Feed-in-Tariff Incentive rate (Govt. was paying to generate solar electricity) $0.40/kWh N Daily earnings from this project ($) ( L x M) 5.83 O Annual earnings (Assuming constant output each day) ($) ( N x 365) 2127.95 P Earnings in 20 years life span (Assuming constant output) ($) ( O x 20) 42559 Q Project Cost (Include: Module, inverter, installation, Accessories & Permits) $10,000 R Simple Pay back from this project (years) ( Q/O) 4.69 S Total net earnings in 20 years ($) ( P-Q) 32559 T Monthly earning from this project ($) ( S/20/12) 135.6 U Total roof area for this project (m 2 ) ( B x C) 20 V Annual CO 2 avoided by this project, if the system is replacing a coal-based electricity (0.890 kg/kWh) (kg) ( L x 0.89 x 365) 4739.56 Table 2: Please calculate the following values with the help of Table 1. Parameter Value System DC power rating (kW) ( D/1000) 4.0 Annual AC feeding to the grid (kWh) ( L x 365) 5325.35 Total roof area required for the installation (m 2 ) ( U) 20 CO 2 avoided in 20 years (kg) ( V x 20) 94791.2 Net annual earning after all deduction ($) ( S/20) 1627.95

Question: What do you understand by the above information/calculations, such as electricity generation, net annual/monthly/daily earnings, simple payback, CO2 avoided, and roof area? Please discuss the numbers of Tables 1 and 2. The setup shown above is connected to the power grid but doesn't have any batteries for storage. Each chosen module has a DC power rating of 500 W (at 25 °C). Eight modules were chosen for this project because that's how much money was available and how much room there was for installation. Temperature (12%), wire (3%), and inverter (5%), all of which drain power from the machine. When different losses are considered, the net DC power going into the inverter is 3414. W, and the AC power coming out of the inverter system is 3243.58 W. The site's PSH (peak sun hours) is set at 4.5 PSH, and this number is thought to stay the same all year (in reality, it goes up and down). The net gains over 20 years are $32,559, while the monthly amount is $135.6. It is thought that the simple method will pay for itself in 4.7 years, and that it will save 4739.56 kg of CO2 per year, or 94791.24 kg over 20 years. The amount of the roof that needs to be covered for this system to be put in is 20m2. The system gives a good return on investment and lowers carbon emissions by not using coal-based energy. Question 2: How many types of solar PV systems were discussed in the class, and what are their major components?  Solar Panels (Photovoltaic Modules): This is made up of solar modules or panels that collect sunlight and turn it into DC power.  Battery Storage: The extra electricity that is generated by the solar panels is stored so that it can be used during times when there is less sunlight.  Inverter: Solar panels provide direct current (DC) electricity, which is then converted into alternating current (AC) electricity, which is then utilized to power various electrical equipment.  Electric Grid: Grid-connected systems make use of it to draw electricity from the grid when the solar panels are not producing enough power and to supply excess electricity back to the grid when the solar panels are not producing enough power.  Mounting Structure: In order to ensure that solar panels are oriented in the correct direction toward the sun, they must be fixed in a secure manner. There are two types of mounting structures: fixed and tracking. Tracking systems can alter the angle of the panels to maximize the amount of sunlight that their panels get throughout the day. 

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