EEE_202_Lab_2_Data_Sheet

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Name: __________________________________________________________ EEE 202 Lab 2 Data Sheet Resistor Networks Part 1: Selecting Resistors You are given 5 different resistor values in the following table. If each one has a power rating of 125mW, what is the maximum voltage that can be applied across each resistor without exceeding its power rating? No need to build any circuits for this question. Resistor Value (Ohms) Maximum Voltage 5 P=V^2/R= 0.79 50 2.5 5k 25 100k 111.8 1M 353.55 Part 2: Power Supplies Hardware: Build the circuit shown using a DC power supply and a 1k  resistor. For each Voltage setting of V1, measure and record the current through the resistor (passing in the clockwise direction). Include a photo of your built circuit (breadboard and components) here: 1

Voltage (V1) Current Through R1 1V 1.02 mA 2V 2.05 mA 3V 3.08 mA 4V 4.11 mA 5V 5.51 mA Plot the Voltage vs. the Current. Use MATLAB, excel, any other software, or plot by hand to-scale on a piece of paper and include here a photo of your plot. Don’t forget the units on your plot on both axes. What is the slope of the plot? 1000A/V What is the theoretical value of the slope? 1000 Why? We used one K resistor. Why could there be a difference between the theoretical value and the measured value of the slope? I think it was caused by a calculation error or rounding. Measure the open circuit voltage of each supply (no resistor connected). Record your measurement in the following table: Supply Open Circuit Voltage (Include as many decimals as you can) AD2’s V+ DC Supply (set to +5V) 4.83 AD2’s V- DC Supply (set to -5V) 4.83 Next, build the circuit as shown using the AD2’s V+ DC supply for V1 and using the two different resistors shown in the table below and record your results. Repeat using the V-. 3

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Include a photo of your built circuit (breadboard and components) here: 4

Supply Vout for R1 = 100  Vout for R1 = 1M  V+ = +5 V 5.04 V 5.06 V V- = -5 V -4.98 V - 4.99 V Does AD2’s DC supply give consistent readings for the 100 Ohms and 1M Ohms resistor for the…  V+?  V-? Yes Explain My observations indicate that the AD2's DC supply maintained a nearly steady reading with minimal variation. What would happen if you put a wire from point A to point B across the resistor (short the resistor)? – don’t actually do it in your experiment – you’ll kill your battery! Current goes through the path with the least resistance; therefore, the resistor will not allow current to pass. Part 3: Series and Parallel Connections For the following circuit, answer the following questions. Single Load Configuration (Solar Panel = 5V, television = 100 Ohms, 125mW) a) If you want to maximize the amount of power delivered to the load resistance, what resistor value should you use for the line resistor (Rline) from your inventory of resistors? Hint: check the lecture videos for the “Maximum Power Transfer” choose a non-zero valued resistor in your inventory that minimizes the voltage drop over Rline. Selected line resistance: Rline = 1.1Ohms b) What is the value of the power dissipated in the load resistance then? Does it exceed its power rating? 6

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c) If you want to have a 25mW safe-margin (i.e. you want to dissipate not more than 100mW in your load resistance), what value of Rline would you choose then? Answer: Selected line resistance (choose the value in part c): Rline = _____________ Ohms d) What is the voltage drop across the television? e) What is the power dissipated in the television in this circuit given the value of Rline you calculated in part (c) above? (note : P=V 2 /R ) f) How much energy does the television use in 1hour of operation? ( note : E = P* Δ t ) LTSPice Simulation: Now build this circuit in LTspice. Only use a resistor value for Rline that is close to the one you calculated in part (c) above. Attach a picture of the LTSpice schematics of your circuit here. Make sure the values of the components you used appear on your figure. Screenshot of LTSpice Circuit: On LTSpice, measure the load’s voltage and current, then use them to calculate the power consumed by the load. Record your results in the table below Hardware Building: Once you’ve designed the circuit in LTSpice, build the circuit using a DC supply, breadboard, and discrete resistors on your breadboard. Include a photo of your built circuit (breadboard and components) here: Using your multimeter, measure the load’s voltage and current, then use them to calculate the power consumed by the load. Record your results in the table below. 7

LTSPICE Physical Build Voltage Current Power Voltage Current Power Television (100 Ohms) Do your LTSpice results match your physical results? If not, explain. Record the percentage error in the current measurement. Percentage error = | measured − simulated | simulated × 100% = Series Load Configuration (Solar Panel = 5V, replace R load with two series resistors: television = 100 Ohms, toaster = 50 kOhms) a) What is the voltage drop across the television and what is the voltage drop across the toaster? Use the same Rline value you used before b) What is the power of the television and the power of the toaster in this circuit? ( note : P=V 2 /R ) c) If you disconnect the toaster, what happens to the voltage across the television? Why? LTSPice Simulation: Now build this circuit in LTspice. Only use a resistor value for Rline that is close to the one you calculated in part (c) above. Attach a picture of the LTSpice schematics of your circuit here. Make sure the values of the components you used appear on your figure. Screenshot of LTSpice Circuit: On LTSpice, measure the load’s voltage and current, then use them to calculate the power consumed by the load. Record your results in the table below Hardware Building: Once you’ve designed the circuit in LTSpice, build the circuit using a DC supply, breadboard, and discrete resistors on your breadboard. 8

Include a photo of your built circuit (breadboard and components) here: Using your multimeter, measure the load’s voltage and current, then use them to calculate the power consumed by the load. Record your results in the table below. LTSPICE Physical Build Voltage Current Power Voltage Current Power Television (100 Ohms) Toaster (50 kOhms) Parallel Load Configuration (Solar Panel = 5V, television = 100 Ohms, toaster = 50 kOhms, connect them in parallel instead of in series) a) What is the voltage drop across the television and what is the voltage drop across the toaster? Use the same Rline value you used before b) What is the power of the television and the power of the toaster in this circuit? ( note : P=V 2 /R ) c) If you disconnect the toaster, what happens to the voltage across the television? Why? LTSPice Simulation: Now build this circuit in LTspice. Only use a resistor value for Rline that is close to the one you calculated in part (c) above. Attach a picture of the LTSpice schematics of your circuit here. Make sure the values of the components you used appear on your figure. Screenshot of LTSpice Circuit: 9

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On LTSpice, measure the load’s voltage and current, then use them to calculate the power consumed by the load. Record your results in the table below Hardware Building: Once you’ve designed the circuit in LTSpice, build the circuit using a DC supply, breadboard, and discrete resistors on your breadboard Include a photo of your built circuit (breadboard and components) here: Using your multimeter, measure the load’s voltage and current, then use them to calculate the power consumed by the load. Record your results in the table below. LTSPICE Physical Build Voltage Current Power Voltage Current Power Television (100 Ohms) Toaster (50 kOhms) If you need to design the configuration where the solar panel’s voltage is the same for ALL of the household items, will they be connected in series or in parallel and why? (Hint: do household items need a fixed voltage or a fixed current? ) Don’t forget to highlight your answers in your Data Sheet! 10