EMM-412 Cybersecurity IGA and Mutual Aid

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Grand Canyon University *

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Dec 6, 2023

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Intergovernmental Agreements in Emergency Management Jared Jake Grand Canyon University EMM-412 Professor Peck 9/17/23 1

There are many reasons that an Intergovernmental Agreement can help in the private sector. Many different companies like Microsoft, Google, and Apple, carry a lot of weight when it comes to their software and people being safe on it. When there is an attack on these different companies, they may not always be able to stand their own ground and defend themselves against a major attack. Just like firefighters needing assistance from other agencies. There must be an agreement between the two and not just a verbal agreement. This will eliminate any confusion about who’s responsibility is to help another agency needing assistance. This also eliminates the probability of lawsuits coming from the company or victims of the disaster or attack. If these private companies were audited and asked about their plans, they could not simply say they would call the police. It is important that they have a plan of action and who they will in case of emergency. In the cybersecurity world, there is homeland security. They can assist with major cyber-attacks that put innocent civilians at risk. This may not be physical, but their information is at risk of being misused and their possible identity being stolen. This has become a problem in today’s age because everyone owns a computer, or smartphone, and pays with digital currency. A failure to plan is planning to fail (Welling III, 2015). When businesses begin to grow, they must establish emergency plans. This is because a bigger business can potentially equal a bigger loss. There are ways to mitigate loss and that is through having some type of agreement with the municipality (Welling III, 2015). Most people fail to plan for cyber-attacks, and it is very important to plan for a cyber attack because this is where most people are vulnerable. This is a battle that can only be fought from behind a computer screen and using technology to battle. Mutual aid agreements are just as important as Intergovernmental Agreements. This Mutual Aid Agreement shows that two or more entities have an interest and share a resource. 2

This could be first responders, health care workers, emergency managers, and Department of Transportation Workers all have one thing in common. They also share a common goal and share resources from the government as well. The common goal is the safety of the public. Ensuring that the public is safe may take more than just one or two entities to work together to achieve this common goal. The Mutual Aid Agreement is also a legally binding agreement that will hold each entity in the agreement accountable. To properly prepare for a cyber-attack, Mutual Aid Agreements must be made between Cyber Security teams as well as first responders or utility companies. This is to allow cybersecurity teams and different agencies to work together legally during a cybersecurity threat. Cyber Security threats do not only attack people’s information or technology, but they also target physical things such as power grids. The Mutual Aid Agreement is in place to mitigate the attack or threat and possibly help with recovery from the threat. This is because if there is an attack then undoubtedly there will be damage that is done. This damage must be repaired, recovered, and learned from so it does not happen again. Ground forces or support such as First Responder and Utility Companies are key in cybersecurity attacks. The new National Cybersecurity Strategy puts the responsibility for the safety of the public in the hands of the private sector (Williams, 2023). It is important for the national cybersecurity sector to protect the citizens of the United States, so it is also important for the government to create contracts with the private sector. These contracts will legally bind any business or other agency that uses technology in this way, to provide some sort of security for users (Williams, 2023). In the old world of cybersecurity, private suppliers and vendors were pushing the responsibility of security and safety onto the users (Williams, 2023). With the web continuing to grow, it is important that all the private sector and governmental agencies connect using mutual aid agreements and intergovernmental agreements to keep citizens within the United States safe. 3

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References Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development. (2023). Landmark agreement adopted on safeguarding privacy in law enforcement and national security data access. https://www.oecd.org/digital/landmark-agreement-adopted-on-safeguarding-privacy-in-law- enforcement-and-national-security-data-access.htm WELLING III, J. A. (2015). Industrial/Municipal Emergency Response: Mutual Aid, Mutual Benefit. Fire Engineering , 168 (11), 71–75. Williams, B. (2023). Biden to Private Sector: Cybersecurity is your responsibility-not the user’s. https://cisac.fsi.stanford.edu/news/biden-private-sector-cybersecurity-your-responsibility-not- users 4

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