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1. Were you able to correctly guess which poem was written by a human and which was written by a computer in the Turing tests that Schwartz gave at the beginning of his talk? What contributed to your guesses as to which poems were written by a computer and which were written by a human? Explain. The first test I got right I knew the poem on the right was a computer and the poem on the left was a human because of how the dialog was written out the poem on the left was actually rhyming but the second test got me i really couldn’t tell which apart. 2. Who was Alan Turing? The son of a civil servant, Turing was educated at a top private school. He entered the University of Cambridge to study mathematics in 1931. After graduating in 1934, he was elected to a fellowship at King's College (his college since 1931) in recognition of his research in probability theory. What did he believe? Explain. What did Alan Turing believe? He theorized that the cortex at birth is an “unorganised machine” that through “training” becomes organized “into a universal machine or something like it.” Turing proposed what subsequently became known as the Turing test as a criterion for whether an artificial computer is thinking (1950). 3. Describe RKCP. What is it, what does it do, and what are its drawbacks? RKCP reads a selection of poems by a particular author or authors and then creates a "language model" of that author's work. The language model incorporates computer- based language analysis and mathematical modeling techniques. RKCP can then write original poems from that model. 4. Schwartz says, “So far we’ve had humans that write like humans, we have

computers that write like computers, we have computers that write like humans, but we also have, perhaps most confusingly, humans that write like computers.” What insights does Schwartz have about this to help explain what it all means? Explain. Yes, it is possible to train an algorithm or AI to write poems. With advancements in natural language processing and machine learning, AI models can now generate creative and expressive pieces of writing, including poetry. 5. How does Schwartz respond to the questions, “Can we build an intelligent computer? Can we build a creative computer? What we seem to be asking over and over is can we build a human-like computer?” Do you agree with his response or have different insight? Explain. I Agree with his response because the machine must make the interviewer believe that it is the human player. Some AI systems can do this successfully but only over short periods of time. As AI systems grow more sophisticated, they may become better at translating capabilities to different situations the way humans can. 6. Discuss your thoughts surrounding the idea that computers speak a certain ‘language’ and how we (humans) are trying to ‘speak’ to them and/or get them to ‘speak’ our language. Explore how human language differs from computer language. While human language can be translated into computer language nearly seamlessly, there exists an important difference between the languages. Human languages exist in three fields – speech, writing, and gesture – but machine based languages exist only in one field: written. How I’m Fighting Bias in Algorithms 1. How does Joy Buolamwini describe herself? What do you think she means by the title

that she gives herself? How does she explain algorithmic bias and what can it lead to? the people who coded the algorithm hadn't taught it to identify a broad range of skin tones and facial structures. Buolamwini coined the term “Coded Gaze” to refer to the bias in coding algorithms. She describes the Coded Gaze as the “embedded views that are propagated by those who have the power to code systems. She founded the Algorithmic Justice League to create a world with more equitable and accountable technology. Her TED Featured Talk on algorithmic bias has over 1 million views. Her MIT thesis methodology uncovered large racial and gender bias in AI services from companies like Microsoft, IBM, and Amazon. 2. Describe how Joy has run into this issue of algorithmic bias before. At the time, what did she do about it? The artificial intelligence system couldn't recognize Buolamwini's dark-skinned face, so she borrowed her white roommate to complete the project. She didn't stress too much about it—after all, in the early 2010s, AI was a fast-developing field, and that type of problem was sure to be fixed soon. 3. How do we give machines sight? Why wasn’t Joy’s face being detected? What can be done about this? Robot vision is made up of algorithms, cameras, and any other hardware that helps robots develop visual insights. This allows machines to carry out complex visual tasks, such as a robot arm programmed to pick up an object placed on the board. the people who coded the algorithm hadn't taught it to identify a broad range of skin tones and facial structures. 4. How can algorithmic bias lead to discriminatory practices? Use specific examples from the video and explain. Algorithmic discrimination occurs when automated systems contribute to unjustified different treatment or impacts disfavoring people based on their race, color,

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ethnicity, sex (including) pregnancy, childbirth, and related medical conditions, gender identity, intersex status, and sexual orientation), religion, age, 5. What are the three tenets that will make up the “incoding” movement, according to Joy? List and briefly explain each. according to Joy? List and briefly explain each. The three tenets that will make up the "incoding" movement arewho codes matters,how we code matters,and why we code matters.

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