KIN473 reflection 1
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Jan 9, 2024
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1. What does such a story tell us about reading headlines vs. context, trusting sources, and coming to conclusions before all the evidence is reviewed? What is the danger for the group
telling the story based on incomplete evidence? How does this impact their reputation and believability moving forward? In addition to your answers, find at least one other example of incomplete or distorted truth reported as fact and share it here with your classmates (hint: look at the idea of deep-fakes for an alarming way in which media can be used to deceive).
The problems with assuming context or headlines can misconstrue what the underlying message may be. There is always more than one side to any story or message. It can also be interpreted differently by each person reading or viewing it. The dangers for the group telling incomplete information can lead to them being discredited later in the future. The person reporting and researching this one-sided evidence can possibly blacklist them by other colleagues
and the public regarding the information they are disseminating. One example that I was able to locate on factcheck.org, about misinformation or distorted
truth was the incident that occurred on January 6, 2021. When protestors entered the U.S capitol building, there was a video on the internet showing a police officer allowing groups of protestors
to enter the building. Portraying to the public the viewers they weren’t denied entry. When in actuality, the protestors were not allowed in and denied entry to the building. The protestors forcefully entered the building. Incomplete information was uploaded, and the public was misinformed. 2. It is possible to find
a
peer-reviewed article that supports just about any idea in Kinesiology. For example, caffeine and exercise have been frequently studied. Review the following lone article on caffeine and exercise performance: CaffeinePerformance.pdf.
a.
What is the conclusion from the above article?
The conclusion of the article was that there are no significant effects of caffeine on the performance and physiological aspects of the cyclists in the study.
b. How does the conclusion change when all the evidence is evaluated? Which conclusion carries more weight?
When all the evidence was evaluated the conclusion and results in the meta-analysis conducted by Southward, K., et al., were diverse compared to the article by Bortolotti, H., et al. The meta-analysis shows that caffeine does show to have small positive effects on the athlete ingesting it. The meta-analysis also carries more weight because of the 661 articles that were analyzed solidifying the hypothesis. 3. Similar to what we observed with the Covington situation above, should we be concerned
with our own believability and reputation when sharing a conclusion about a scientific topic before we’ve made the effort to understand the nuance involved? For example, let’s say you’ve read the abstract of a lone research article that supports the value of high-
intensity interval training (HIIT) for fat loss and you decide to implement HIIT for all your
personal training clients who want to lose fat, regardless of their individual situation. What risks are involved in such a decision?
Yes, we should be concerned because we as professionals should hold ourselves accountable for the information that is researched. So, our clients can have confidence in the knowledge given to them. If in that scenario as a personal trainer a portion of the article was read
and not fully researched, it would be a disservice not only for my clients but for me as a trainer. As a professional in fitness the goal is to be a subject matter expert in our field. For the client, not every person benefits from one style of exercise or training. Every client has a different goal and different beginnings. High intensity training takes a certain level of experience, fitness, and health. The goal is to help not hurt, as a trainer we encourage with our knowledge and experience.
4. When ego or ideology get involved, or a stance has been made public before it's been fully investigated, there is a risk of loss of trust if more complete evidence comes along later. As a result, many refuse to admit wrong and simply dig their heels in further. This often results in arguments and shaming those on the other side. In the scientific method, the
ability to recognize error and correct it to continually improve knowledge on a topic is vital.
Is shaming someone an effective way of changing their potentially erroneous ways? Why or
why not, and what might be a more effective method? Shaming isn’t always the most effect form of communication because it tends to spark a sense of emotions that most people can’t control. In the article, How to have better arguments online, by
Ian Leslie he defines two different forms of communication. Low-context culture and high context culture. “In a low-context culture, communication is explicit and direct. What people say is taken to be an expression of their thoughts and feelings... A high-context culture is one in which little is said explicitly, and most of the message is implied” (Leslie, I., 2021). It seems like a blend of both low and high context culture communications can have potential for effective communication. People who can have thoughtful and direct conversations can be very effect. The goal is to understand each other without having a black lash of emotions fire against each other. In the article Psychology for Democracy by Pamela Pareky Ph.D., she mentions productive disagreement. Having the ability to discuss and show the intelligence to disagree with another while learning. That can be a great way to grow as a human. 5. In the Bible, we see examples of "mob rule" attempting to use violence against those who
have been caught in error, and doing something that went against popular opinion. Read John 8:1-11 about the woman caught in adultery. a. What did the crowd want?
The crowd wanted Jesus Christ to punish the woman for the sin she had committed. They
also wanted him to join the mob in anger against the woman who committed adultery. b. How did Jesus respond? (hint
:
he gave a response to the crowd and to the woman - explain both)
Jesus responded calmly to the crowd stating to them if there was anyone who is without sin can be the first to stone the woman for the sin she committed. In a way he peacefully disagreed with the mob because he knew that every has made a mistake or mistakes before. As each person left, he waited patiently and while alone with the woman he made it known or implied to the woman that she is forgiven and directed her not to sin again. Jesus showed mercy to a woman who had a sinned, but he also made it known to the mob that none of them were perfect either. c. What can we learn from this story relative to how we should approach those who may have erred? How does this apply to the search for truth in science? We all know that no one is perfect, and we all make mistakes. It is not about making them it is what we can take from them to learn. Failure is a way we as humans learn to grow. If a
person is right all the time, is he or she really growing as a person? When a person makes a mistake it’s not about shunning or shaming, it’s about forgiveness. This applies to truth in science because the truth is what researchers look for. Identifying the truth and effectiveness in their research can push other researchers to prove you wrong. The challenge is a productive disagreement within science. Researchers hold each other accountable for the growth of the field.
References
Bortolotti, H., Altimari, L. R., Vitor-Costa, M., & Cyrino, E. S. (2014). Performance during a 20-km cycling time-trial after caffeine ingestion. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition
, 11
(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-014-0045-8 Fichera, A. (2021, May 22).
Video doesn’t prove Capitol Police allowed Jan. 6 protesters to enter Capitol
. FactCheck.org. https://www.factcheck.org/2021/05/video-doesnt-prove-
capitol-police-allowed-jan-6-protesters-to-enter-capitol/
Leslie, I., (2021, February 16). How to have better arguments online
. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/society/2021/feb/16/how-to-have-better-arguments-social-
media-politics-conflict
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Pareksy, P. B. (2018, March 24). Psychology for democracy | psychology Today
. Psychology Today. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/happiness-and-the-pursuit-leadership/
201803/psychology-democracy Southward, K., Rutherfurd-Markwick, K. J., & Ali, A. (2018). The effect of acute caffeine ingestion on endurance performance: A systematic review and Meta–analysis. Sports Medicine
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(8), 1913–1928. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-018-0939-8