PICT2020_ Media Coverage -2
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School
Macquarie University *
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Course
2020
Subject
Communications
Date
Feb 20, 2024
Type
Pages
27
Uploaded by EarlHawk809
Media coverage on policing issue
Name: Carelina Minyanish
Student Number 47392819
Topic question/issue:
police use of force
Media Links:
1.
My son, 11, was tasered by cops for holding a butter knife during a tantrum over Burger King
(2023)
The
Sun
. Available at:
https://www.thesun.co.uk/news/22399251/my-son-was-tasered-by-cops-for-holding-knife/ (Accessed: 07
August 2023).
2.
Smith, P. (2023)
Mother of boy, 11, who was tasered by police speaks out
,
Daily Mail Online
. Available at:
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-12097507/Mother-boy-11-Tasered-police-speaks-out.html
(Accessed: 07 August 2023).
Question:
Police use of force is very controversial. Its use can be said to be a benefit to both police and
public safety in arresting violent offenders. Is this claim valid? What are some issues associated with
police use of force in your chose example on one (1) of the following items. Police use of their firearm or
taser or baton or OC spray, fatal or not to the victim/s police and/or public involved. If you decided to do
this topic, UoF, please note. You are not to use the George Floyd matter or the tasering of the elderly
women in the nursing home by police in Cooma recently as an example.
Question Assessment Question: Having now identified the media event, explain why you have chosen it? Why is
it of interest to you? What are good and/or bad issues about your chosen media covered event? This is your own
personal reflection. It is in your own words so you can pick anything from your chosen topic question.
An 11 year old boy who got lost in a holiday park in Scotland holding a butter knife where officers used
their tasers on him during the altercation with up to 50,000 volts because he wouldn't drop the
“weapon”. The reason I chose this specific event is because it highlights how even young children can be
victims to crimes surrounding tasers and how common it truly was for children to be involved in police
force. An aspect that interested me about this event was the responses from police officers saying that
“some of us just stuff up”. A positive issue brought about was that the incident brought awareness and
accountability to light and positively allowed for the police to take responsibility due to the media
convergence as it raised prompting discussions on the need for accountability and transparency. There
were many negative issues that came to light after this media event: public Safety vs. Child's Well-being,
the use of force on a minor and the questionable de-escalation tactics used by the officers. The incident
raised questions about the effectiveness of de-escalation tactics employed by the police. Since the child
was in distress, it's important to consider whether alternative methods could have been used to defuse
the situation without resorting to a Taser.
Word Count: 213
Artificial intelligence Interrogation RESPONSES: (11 ques)
Annexur
e 1:
(Chat-GPT-3 to Carelina Minyanish, 1 August 2023. Can police use of tasers
benefit police and public safety in arresting violent offenders?)
PAGES 3-4
Annexure 2:
(Chat-GPT-3 to Carelina Minyanish, 1 August 2023. Can police use of force with
tasers be problematic?
.
)
PAGES 5-6
Annexure 3:
(Chat-GPT-3 to Carelina Minyanish, 1 August 2023. What are some issues
associated with police use of force and tasers?)
PAGES 7-8
Annexure 4:
(Chat-GPT-3 to Carelina Minyanish, 1 August 2023. How can the use of tasers
within the police force benefit them with arresting violent offenders.?
) PAGES 9-10
Annexure 5:
(Chat-GPT-3 to Carelina Minyanish, 1 August 2023. Can the police use of force with
teasers impact the ethical aspects of the field?)
PAGES 11-12
Annexure 6:
(Chat-GPT-3 to Carelina Minyanish, 3 August 2023. How can police use of force
become controversial?)
PAGES 13-14
Annexure 7:
(Bing-Chat to Carelina Minyanish, 3 August 2023. How does the controversy
surrounding police use of force impact public trust in law enforcement?)
PAGES 15-16
Annexure 8:
(Bing-Chat to Carelina Minyanish, 3 August 2023. in cases where police use force
that results in fatalities, what are some common factors that contribute to such outcomes?)
PAGES 17-18
Annexure 9:
(Bing-Chat to Carelina Minyanish, 3 August 2023.
What are some policies and
training measures that can be implemented to mitigate the risks associated with police use of
force?)
PAGES 19-20
Annexure 10:
(Bing-Chat to Carelina Minyanish, 3 August 2023.
How do different countries'
approaches to police use of force differ, and what can be learned from these variations?)
PAGES
21-22
Annexure 11:
(Bing-Chat to Carelina Minyanish, 3 August 2023.
How does the media and
public perception influence the reporting and evaluation of police use of force cases?)
PAGES
23-24
Annexure 12:
(Chat-GPT-3 to Carelina Minyanish, 3 August 2023.
How can
Police use of
force create controversy in the media?)
PAGES 25-26
Annexure
1)
Chat-GPT-3 to Carelina Minyanish, 3rd August 2023.
Can police
use of tasers benefit police and public safety in arresting violent offenders?
.
Chat-GPT response
The use of tasers by police officers can be a subject of debate, and opinions on its benefits and risks can
vary. When used appropriately and responsibly, tasers can offer some potential benefits for both police
officers and public safety in certain situations involving violent offenders. Some of these potential
benefits include:
1.
Non-lethal alternative:
Tasers provide a non-lethal alternative to firearms in situations where
officers need to subdue violent offenders without resorting to deadly force. This can reduce the
risk of fatal outcomes and minimize the potential for severe injuries to both suspects and
officers.
2.
Reduced physical
confrontations: Tasers can help officers control potentially dangerous
individuals from a safer distance, reducing the need for close physical confrontations that could
escalate the situation and put officers at risk.
3.
Quick immobilization:
Tasers can quickly immobilize individuals, allowing officers to gain control
over the situation and prevent offenders from harming themselves or others.
4.
Less force required:
In some cases, using a taser may require less force than other methods,
such as batons or physical restraint, which can lead to fewer injuries to both suspects and
officers.
5.
Compliance tool:
The threat of a taser deployment can encourage compliance from violent
offenders, leading to a faster resolution of the incident without the need for actual deployment.
However, it's crucial to acknowledge that there are also concerns and potential risks associated with taser
use, including:
1.
Misuse and abuse:
If not used properly or in accordance with established guidelines, tasers can
lead to unnecessary harm or even death. Overuse or misuse of tasers can erode public trust and
raise concerns about police accountability.
2.
Health risks:
While tasers are designed to be non-lethal, there have been cases where individuals
with certain medical conditions or substances in their system have experienced adverse
reactions or complications from taser deployments.
3.
Psychological impact:
Taser use can have psychological effects on both the recipient and the
officers involved in the incident. In some cases, individuals subjected to taser deployments may
suffer from anxiety, trauma, or emotional distress.
4.
Risk of escalation:
In certain situations, the use of tasers can escalate the level of force, leading
to unintended consequences and potential further harm.
To maximize the benefits of tasers and ensure public safety, police departments must implement comprehensive
training programs, clear guidelines, and proper oversight to prevent misuse and abuse. Additionally, ongoing
evaluation and transparency are essential to address any concerns and improve the overall effectiveness of taser use
in law enforcement.
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Annexure
1)
Annexure
2)
Chat-GPT-3 to Carelina Minyanish, 3rd August 2023.
Can police
use of force with tasers be problematic?.
Chat-GPT response
Yes, the use of force with tasers by police officers can be problematic in certain situations. Some of the
issues and concerns related to taser use include:
1.
Misuse and abuse:
One of the main problems with taser use is the potential for misuse or abuse
by police officers. In some cases, officers may deploy tasers in situations where other
de-escalation techniques could have been used, leading to unnecessary harm or injury to
individuals.
2.
Lack of training:
Insufficient training on taser use can lead to improper deployments. Without
proper training, officers may not fully understand the potential risks associated with tasers or
when their use is appropriate.
3.
Disproportionate use:
There have been instances where tasers have been used
disproportionately against certain groups, including racial minorities or vulnerable individuals,
leading to concerns about racial profiling and unequal treatment.
4.
Taser-related deaths and injuries:
Although tasers are considered non-lethal weapons, there have
been cases of individuals suffering serious injuries or even dying as a result of taser
deployments. The use of tasers on individuals with certain medical conditions or while under the
influence of substances can be particularly dangerous.
5.
Overreliance on tasers:
In some cases, officers may become overly reliant on tasers as a default
response to various situations, rather than employing a range of de-escalation techniques and
non-lethal options.
6.
Lack of accountability:
In instances where taser use is questionable, there may be a lack of
accountability and transparency regarding the circumstances surrounding the deployment,
making it difficult for the public to trust law enforcement practices.
To address these problems, it is essential for police departments to establish clear guidelines on taser
use, provide comprehensive training for officers, and implement proper oversight and review processes.
Additionally, promoting the use of de-escalation techniques and non-lethal alternatives, when appropriate,
can help reduce the potential for problematic taser use and improve community relations with law
enforcement. Regular evaluations and data collection on taser deployments can also contribute to
understanding and addressing any issues related to their use.
Annexure
2)
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Annexure
3)
Chat-GPT-3 to Carelina Minyanish, 3rd August 2023.
What are
some issues associated with police use of force and tasers ?
Chat-GPT response
The use of force, including the use of tasers, by law enforcement has been a subject of scrutiny and
controversy due to several issues. Some of the key concerns associated with police use of force and tasers
include:
1. Excessive use of force:
One major issue is the potential for excessive use of force, where officers may
deploy tasers in situations where less forceful methods could be more appropriate. This can lead to severe
injuries or even fatalities, particularly if the individual has underlying health issues or is in a vulnerable state.
2. Misuse or abuse of tasers:
In some cases, tasers have been misused or abused by law enforcement
personnel. Instances of taser use for non-compliance, verbal disagreement, or as a form of punishment
have been reported, leading to violations of civil rights and excessive use of force.
3. Lack of training:
Insufficient training on the proper use of tasers can result in officers not fully
understanding their potential risks and limitations. Inadequate training may lead to improper application and
ineffective use, escalating rather than de-escalating a situation.
4. Disproportionate impact on vulnerable populations:
There have been concerns that tasers are
disproportionately used on individuals from marginalized communities, particularly people of color and those
experiencing mental health crises. This raises issues of racial profiling and the potential for exacerbating
existing disparities in law enforcement practices.
5. Health risks:
While tasers are considered a non-lethal weapon, they can still pose health risks, especially
to individuals with certain medical conditions or under the influence of drugs or alcohol. Cardiac arrhythmias
and other complications can occur, leading to serious consequences.
6. Lack of accountability and transparency:
Some police departments may lack adequate accountability
mechanisms when it comes to the use of tasers. Proper documentation and reporting of taser usage are
necessary to ensure transparency and oversight.
7. Failure to de-escalate situations:
The use of tasers can sometimes replace de-escalation tactics, which
aim to defuse tense situations without resorting to force. Relying solely on tasers may undermine efforts to
peacefully resolve encounters.
8. Psychological impact:
Taser deployment can have a significant psychological impact on both the subject
and the officers involved. The fear of being tased may provoke heightened anxiety and aggression in some
individuals, potentially escalating conflicts.
9. Ineffectiveness:
In certain situations, tasers may not be effective in subduing a subject, especially if they
are under the influence of certain substances or experiencing a mental health crisis. This can lead to a
prolonged and potentially dangerous confrontation.
10. Lack of uniform guidelines:
The regulations governing taser use can vary widely across different law
enforcement agencies, jurisdictions, and countries. The lack of standardized guidelines may result in
inconsistent practices and potential misuse.
Addressing these issues requires a comprehensive approach, including improved training on de-escalation
techniques, enhanced oversight and accountability measures, clear guidelines on taser use, and efforts to
eliminate biases in law enforcement practices.
Annexure
3)
Annexure
4)
Chat-GPT-3 to Carelina Minyanish, 3rd August 2023.
How can
the use of tasers within the police force benefit them with arresting violent
offenders.?
Chat-GPT response
The use of tasers within the police force can offer several potential benefits when it comes to arresting
violent offenders:
1. Reduced risk of injury:
Tasers provide a less-lethal alternative to firearms, reducing the risk of serious
injuries or fatalities for both officers and suspects. In situations where officers may have otherwise used
lethal force, tasers can help subdue violent offenders while minimizing harm.
2. Enhanced officer safety:
Tasers can be effective in immobilizing violent offenders from a distance,
providing officers with a safer way to apprehend potentially dangerous individuals without engaging in
close physical combat.
3. De-escalation tool:
The presence of tasers can act as a deterrent, encouraging some violent
offenders to comply with officers' commands without the need for actual deployment. The mere sight of a
taser may de-escalate tense situations and prevent the use of more severe force.
4. Alternative to physical restraint:
When confronting violent offenders, officers may need to use
physical force to control and restrain them. Tasers offer an alternative to wrestling or using other
potentially harmful tactics, reducing the risk of injury to both parties.
5. Use in situations where firearms are inappropriate:
In scenarios where the use of firearms is not
warranted or may pose a greater risk to bystanders, tasers can be a useful tool for law enforcement to
incapacitate violent offenders safely.
6. Effective in some cases of mental health crises:
Tasers can be particularly valuable in situations
involving individuals experiencing mental health crises, as they provide a means of gaining control without
exacerbating the person's mental state or causing severe harm.
7. Increasing distance and reducing close contact:
Tasers allow officers to maintain distance from
violent offenders, reducing the likelihood of close-contact altercations that can escalate rapidly.
8. Compliance without long-term harm:
In many cases, the effects of a taser deployment are
temporary and do not result in lasting harm to the individual. This can allow for more efficient and safer
arrests, with suspects recovering relatively quickly after the incident.
Despite these potential benefits, it is crucial to emphasize that taser use must be appropriate,
proportionate, and within the bounds of established guidelines and protocols. Adequate training and strict
policies are essential to ensure responsible use, minimize potential misuse, and protect the rights and
safety of all individuals involved. Moreover, tasers should not replace efforts to de-escalate situations and
should be used as part of a broader strategy to maintain public safety while respecting human rights.
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Annexure
4)
Annexure
5)
Chat-GPT-3 to Carelina Minyanish, 3rd August 2023.
Can the
police use of force with teasers impact the ethical aspects of the field?
Chat-GPT response
Yes, the police use of force with tasers can have significant ethical implications in the field of law
enforcement. Several ethical concerns arise from the use of tasers, and how they are employed can
impact public trust in the police and raise questions about the ethics of their use. Some of the key ethical
aspects impacted by the use of tasers include:
1. Proportionality:
The principle of proportionality in law enforcement requires that the level of force used
by officers should be directly proportional to the threat they face. If tasers are used excessively or in
situations where lesser force could have been sufficient, it raises ethical questions about whether the
force used was reasonable and justified.
2. Human rights and dignity:
The use of tasers can lead to potential violations of human rights and
dignity, especially when deployed in situations involving vulnerable individuals, such as the elderly,
children, pregnant women, or those experiencing mental health crises. The ethical question revolves
around whether using tasers in such circumstances respects the inherent value and dignity of every
human being.
3. Accountability and transparency:
Ethical concerns arise when there is a lack of transparency and
accountability regarding the use of tasers by law enforcement. Proper documentation, reporting, and
oversight mechanisms are essential to ensure that tasers are used appropriately and responsibly.
4. Racial and social equity:
Disparities in the use of force, including tasers, against people of color or
specific social groups raise ethical questions about racial profiling and systemic biases within law
enforcement practices.
5. Training and competence:
Ethical considerations arise when officers are not adequately trained to
use tasers, leading to improper application, misuse, or misunderstanding of the potential risks and
limitations of the weapon.
6. Psychological impact:
The ethical aspect of the psychological impact of taser use on both suspects
and officers cannot be ignored. The fear and trauma experienced by those subjected to taser deployment,
even temporarily, must be taken into account.
7. De-escalation efforts:
The ethical issue of whether tasers are being used as a quick substitute for
de-escalation tactics arises when they are employed before other less intrusive methods have been
attempted.
8. Duty to protect life:
Police officers have a duty to protect life, and ethical questions emerge when the
use of tasers results in severe injuries or fatalities, particularly when alternatives could have been
considered.
To address these ethical concerns, law enforcement agencies need to implement clear and
comprehensive policies regarding taser use, provide proper training for officers, ensure accountability and
transparency in reporting taser deployments, and promote a culture of respect for human rights and
dignity in all interactions with the public. Additionally, ongoing evaluation and scrutiny of taser use
practices are essential to uphold ethical standards and public trust in the police force.
Annexure
5)
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Annexure
6)
Chat-GPT-3 to Carelina Minyanish, 3rd August 2023.
How can
police use of force become controversial?.
Chat-GPT response
Police use of force can become controversial for several reasons, often centered around issues of
appropriateness, accountability, and the perception of excessive or unjustified violence. Some of the
factors that contribute to the controversy surrounding police use of force include:
1. Excessive force:
When law enforcement officers use force beyond what is necessary or reasonable to
control a situation or apprehend a suspect, it can lead to public outrage and controversy. Excessive force
can result in severe injuries or fatalities, raising questions about the proportionality of the response.
2. Lack of accountability:
Controversy arises when there is a perceived lack of accountability for
incidents involving police use of force. The failure to hold officers accountable for actions that are seen as
unjust or abusive can erode public trust in law enforcement.
3. Racial bias:
Cases where police use force disproportionately against individuals from specific racial or
ethnic backgrounds fuel controversy and accusations of racial bias or systemic discrimination.
4. Lack of transparency:
When there is a lack of transparency in reporting incidents of police use of
force, it can lead to suspicion and controversy. The public may question whether the full extent of the
incidents is being disclosed or whether some cases are being covered up.
5. Video evidence:
The widespread use of smartphones and body cameras has led to the emergence of
videos showing police use of force incidents. These videos can go viral on social media, sparking public
debates and controversies over the actions of law enforcement officers.
6. Civilian fatalities:
High-profile cases involving the deaths of civilians during encounters with law
enforcement, particularly if those deaths seem avoidable or the result of negligent actions, often attract
significant controversy.
7. Public perceptions:
Controversy can arise when the public perceives that law enforcement is too
quick to resort to force or when there is a perceived lack of attempts to de-escalate situations before force
is used.
8. Misuse of less-lethal weapons:
The use of less-lethal weapons, such as tasers or rubber bullets, can
be controversial if they are employed inappropriately or lead to severe injuries or fatalities.
9. Lack of proper training
: Incidents in which officers misuse force due to a lack of proper training can
generate controversy and public outcry, highlighting the importance of ongoing training and professional
development.
10. Legal implications:
Cases involving alleged police brutality or wrongful use of force may lead to legal
battles and court proceedings, drawing public attention and contributing to controversy.
To address the controversies surrounding police use of force, law enforcement agencies need to adopt
transparent and accountable practices, conduct thorough investigations of use-of-force incidents,
implement de-escalation training, and work toward building positive community relations. Open dialogue,
meaningful reforms, and adherence to best practices are vital for restoring public trust and confidence in
law enforcement.
Annexure
6)
Annexure
7)
BING-CHAT to Carelina Minyanish, 3rd August 2023.
How does
the controversy surrounding police use of force impact public trust in law
enforcement?
Bing response
This is a complex and sensitive topic that has been widely discussed and researched.
According to some sources, controversial police use of force can have negative effects on public
trust in law enforcement, such as:
●
Strong emotional reactions, increased support for body-cameras, changed beliefs about
excessive force, and altered attitudes toward law enforcement
1
.
●
Reduced confidence in the police’s fairness and legitimacy, especially among Black,
Asian and Minority Ethnic communities
2
.
●
Increased demand for more transparency and accountability from the police
3
.
However, some sources also suggest that public trust in the police can be improved by:
●
Educating the public about the legal and ethical aspects of police use of force
4
.
●
Providing more training for officers on social interaction and de-escalation skills
5
.
●
Building positive relationships with the communities they serve
3
.
I hope this helps you understand some of the perspectives and evidence on this issue. If you
want to know more, you can check out the links below or ask me a follow-up question.
4
: https://www.aaappp.org.uk/public-trust-in-the-polices-use-of-force-trustworthy-or-dubious/
1
:
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11109-020-09646-x
2
:
https://www.justiceinspectorates.gov.uk/hmicfrs/news/news-feed/police-must-show-stop-search-
and-use-of-force-is-fair-or-risk-losing-public-trust/
3
:
https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/PIJPSM-07-2020-0111/full/html
5
:
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0002716219887366
Learn more at:
The Feedback Effects of Controversial Police Use of Force | SpringerLink
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Annexure
7)
Annexure
8)
Bing- Chat to Carelina Minyanish, 3rd August 2023.
In cases
where police use force that results in fatalities, what are some common factors
that contribute to such outcomes?.
Bing response
There are many factors that can contribute to police use of force that results in
fatalities, such as the
race and ethnicity
of the victim, the
level and type
of
force used by the officer, the
compliance and resistance
of the suspect, and the
training and policies
of the police department
. For example, in Queensland,
Australia, there were more police shootings last year than in any other state or
territory, which some experts attributed to a lack of
de-escalation skills
and
alternative options
for police officers. Do you want to know more about any of
these factors?
Lean more at:
Police Brutality: What Is It, Why It Happens, Examples (verywellmind.com)
Annexure
8)
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Annexure
9)
Bing -Chat to Carelina Minyanish, 3rd August 2023.
What are
some policies and training measures that can be implemented to mitigate the
risks associated with police use of force?.
Bing response
That's a complex and important topic. According to some sources, some possible
policies and training measures that can help mitigate the risks associated with police use
of force are:
●
Establishing a **continuum of force** that defines the appropriate level of
force for different situations and requires officers to use only the minimum
amount of force necessary.
●
Providing **training in deescalation techniques** that can help officers defuse
tense situations and avoid using force or reduce its severity .
●
Implementing **accountability mechanisms** such as body cameras, external
oversight, and reporting requirements that can deter or detect excessive force
and improve public trust .
●
Emphasizing the **sanctity of human life** and the respect for the rights and
dignity of all people as core values of policing .
●
Promoting **diversity and inclusion** in police recruitment, hiring, and
retention to enhance cultural competence and community relations .
These are just some examples and not an exhaustive list. You can find more information
by following the links below:
: https://nij.ojp.gov/topics/articles/overview-police-use-force :
https://www.theregreview.org/2020/06/13/preventing-police-excessive-force/ :
https://www.ebpsociety.org/blog/education/270-police-use-force-policy-excessive-force :
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11896-021-09442-1 :
https://www.apa.org/monitor/2020/10/cover-police-brutality :
https://dpss.umich.edu/content/about/mission-vision/policies-training-education/
Is there any specific aspect of this topic that you are interested in?
Annexure
9)
Annexure
10)
Bing- Chat to Carelina Minyanish, 3rd August 2023
. How do
different countries' approaches to police use of force differ, and what can be
learned from these variations?.
Bing response
That's a complex and important question. Different countries have different laws, policies,
training and practices regarding police use of force. There is no single answer to what can be
learned from these variations, but some possible sources of information are:
●
The **UN Basic Principles on the Use of Force and Firearms by Law Enforcement
Officials** , which provide international standards and guidelines for regulating the
use of force for law enforcement purposes.
●
The **Amnesty International** website , which monitors and reports on police
violence and human rights violations around the world.
●
The **BBC** article, which compares the US police training with other countries such
as Norway, Finland, Germany and the UK.
●
The **Council on Foreign Relations** article, which explains how police are
organized, funded, trained and overseen in different democracies.
●
The **Policing Law** website, which provides country profiles on the law on police
use of force and accountability mechanisms.
Are you interested in any specific country or aspect of police use of force?.
Learn more:
ohchr.org/sites/default/files/firearms.pdf
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Annexure
10)
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Annexure
11)
Bing- Chat to Carelina Minyanish, 3rd August 2023
. How does
the media and public perception influence the reporting and evaluation of police
use of force cases?
Bing response
That's a complex and important question. According to some sources, the media
can have a considerable influence on how the public perceives the police and
their use of force . The media can also challenge and contest the actions of the
police and bring their accountability into question. Some studies suggest that the
media source, the suspect's alleged criminal activity, and the rater's
socio-demographic attributes can affect how the public rates video incidents of
police use of force. The media can also create anxiety or fear among some
people who may expect violence during routine police interactions.
What aspect of this topic are you most interested in?
Learn more:
The relationship between Media and Police in Britain
(ukessays.com)
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Annexure
11)
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Annexure
12)
Chat-GPT to Carelina Minyanish, 3rd August 2023
.
How can
Police use of force create controversy in the media?
Chat- GPT response
Police use of force can create controversy in the media due to several factors:
Excessive Force
: If the public perceives that police officers have used excessive force in a situation where it wasn't necessary, it can
lead to outrage. Graphic videos or images of such incidents can quickly go viral on social media, intensifying public reaction.
Loss of Life or Serious Injury
: Cases where the use of force results in the death or serious injury of individuals, particularly if they are
unarmed or non-threatening, can trigger strong emotional responses from the public and media.
Racial or Ethnic Bias
: Allegations of racial or ethnic bias in the use of force can spark controversy. If it's perceived that certain racial or
ethnic groups are disproportionately targeted or mistreated, it can lead to accusations of systemic racism and discussions about
inequality.
Lack of De-Escalation
: If officers are perceived to have not attempted to de-escalate a situation before resorting to force, it can raise
questions about their training and tactics.
Inadequate Training and Procedures
: Media attention may focus on issues within police departments such as inadequate training in
de-escalation techniques, improper use of weapons, or a lack of clear guidelines for using force.
Lack of Accountability
: If officers involved in controversial use of force incidents are not held accountable through appropriate legal
or disciplinary measures, it can lead to accusations of a lack of transparency and fairness within the system.
Protest and Civil Unrest
: Controversial use of force incidents can lead to protests and civil unrest, which in turn receive extensive
media coverage. These events can further escalate the controversy and spark broader discussions about societal issues.
Emotional Impact
: The emotional impact of incidents involving use of force, especially those leading to injury or death, can be
profound and contribute to the controversy. The media often highlights personal stories and accounts, intensifying the emotional
response.
Political and Social Context
: The broader political and social context can also contribute to controversy. Incidents occurring in the
midst of larger debates about policing, criminal justice reform, and civil rights can draw more attention and scrutiny.
Police Statements and Justifications
: Statements made by police departments following use of force incidents, especially if they are
perceived as inadequate, defensive, or lacking transparency, can fuel controversy and skepticism.
Legal Proceedings
: The legal process surrounding use of force incidents, including investigations, charges, trials, and verdicts, can be
closely followed by the media. Outcomes that are seen as unjust or insufficiently punitive can generate controversy.
Impact on Community Trust
: Controversial use of force incidents can erode trust between law enforcement and the communities
they serve, leading to further tension and debate.
All these factors can contribute to the creation of controversy surrounding police use of force, which in turn can lead to extensive media
coverage, public debate, protests, and calls for reform.
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Annexure
12)
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