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Apr 3, 2024

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2 Department of Civil Engineering Lab 4: Jet Impact Fluid Mechanics Laboratory Section 1 Prepared by: Dorsey, Fahim – Discussion McManus, Harrison – Introduction & Full Report Review Moreno, Jesus – Conclusion Partain, Ethan – Results Rosenberg, Austin – Executive Summary, Materials and Methods, & Template Design ENGR 3345 – Fluid Mechanics Laboratory David S. Ancalle, P.E September 13 th , 2023

2 Table of Contents: Cover Page ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 0 Table of Contents …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 1 Executive Summary …………………………………………………………………………………………….……. 2 Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….…….. 2-3 Materials & Methods ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3-4 Results ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………….. 4-5 Discussion ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... 5-6 Conclusion ……………….…………………………………………………………………………………………..….. 6 References …………………………………………………………………………………………………………..….. 7 Appendix …….…………..…………………………………………………………………………………………..….. 8

2 Executive Summary This Fluid Statics Lab was completed to develop a method for measuring hydrostatic pressure by applying principles of statics. Using a special water tank setup featuring a tank and an attached beam. The water level was incrementally adjusted, with the addition of weights on the beam to maintain equilibrium. Both theoretical and experimental assessments were completed to determine the hydrostatic force and its location on the submerged wall. The experiment showed a consistent one-third rule for the center of pressure, which is valid for water depths up to 100 mm but may be different for greater depths. This experiment showed the application of statics equations (∑ 𝐅 = 0, ∑ 𝐌 = 0) in deriving hydrostatic pressure while proving the need to recognize the constraints of theoretical models in real-world scenarios. Introduction The goal of this week’s lab was to learn and evaluate the principles of hydrostatic forces acting on a given surface. Hydrostatic forces are defined as the sum of all forces acting on a submerged surface at a given location. By understanding the forces acting on a submerged surface, engineers are able to better predict and anticipate how structures will react when submerged. With this information, engineers are able to better tailor and develop their designs to fit more specific purposes. The principle of hydrostatic forces is commonly used in many fields of engineering. One specific case that would require the use and understanding of hydrostatic forces would be during the development of hydro dams. During their development, it is important for engineers to understand how strong and the location of the hydrostatic force the water

2 exerts on the dam. With this information engineers are able to anticipate the moment that will be acting on the dam, allowing them to design and anticipate how large the dam needs to be as well as its shape. Materials and Methods In this lab, the central aim is to construct an approach for measuring hydrostatic pressure through the application of statics principles. The experimental device has a large water tank with a beam attached to keep the device in equilibrium. Ensuring the proper level of the device is important, and this is achieved using the bubble level, which can be adjusted with the 1 newton weights that can be attached to the beam. The initial steps involved measuring the width of the container and then gradually filling the tank with water until the water level reached the 40 - 50mm mark The image above shows group 3 observing the device to ensure that equilibrium was reached. Shown is the device that includes the water tank and bubble level.

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