Group 4_Laboratory Report 4

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School

Texas Tech University *

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Course

2201

Subject

Civil Engineering

Date

Apr 3, 2024

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pdf

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Uploaded by MagistrateRosePolarBear42

TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL, ENVIRONMENTAL AND CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING Lab Report Number: 04 Testing of Metals CE 2201-Materials for Constructed Facilities (Spring 2024) Section: 303 Group Number 04 Members: Jordan Duarte Israel Gonzales Riaz Ogunkye Holden Slaton Date: 02/20/2024

ii Member Contribution Statement Jordan Duarte: Introduction, Results/Calculations, Figures/Tables Israel Gonzales: Discussion, Theory, Conclusion Riaz Ogunleye: Procedure, Materials/Equipment Holden Slaton: Procedure, Test equipment, Materials, Reference

iii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................... iv LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................................................... iv INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 1 THEORY ..................................................................................................................................... 2-3 TEST EQUIPMENT ....................................................................................................................... 4 MATERIALS .................................................................................................................................. 5 PROCEDURE ................................................................................................................................. 6 RESULTS AND CALCULATIONS ......................................................................................... 7-13 DISCUSSION ............................................................................................................................... 14 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................. 15 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................. 16

iv LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Steel Stress and Strain Curve .......................................................................................... 9 Figure 2: Steel 0.2% Offset Stress and Strain Curve .................................................................... 10 Figure 3: Cast-iron Stress and Strain Curve ................................................................................. 12 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Steel Specimen Gauge length and diameter table ............................................................. 7 Table 2: Cast-iron Gauge length and diameter table .................................................................... 11 Table 3: Data Table Summary ...................................................................................................... 13

1 INTRODUCTION The experiment performed was a tension test conducted on a steel and cast-iron specimen to determine their strengths. This experiment's purpose was to determine the specific stress-strain values needed to conduct a stress-strain curve that will show the mechanical properties of the material. The data should include the specific stress-strain values, the percent elongation, and the percent area reduction needed to compare tensile strength of the two specimens. Metals are materials used in many support systems that undergo tension and compression, therefore these metals will need to be able to withstand many loads to be considered acceptable when being used for structures.

2 THEORY For this experiment the task was observing and recording the failure of Cast-Iron and Steel specimens using the tensile test with a UTS Testing Machine for Tensile Tests. A tensile test is a destructive testing process which provides information about the tensile strength, yield strength, and ductility of the tested material. It also measures the force required to break or cause failure of tested material by stretching or elongating it until its breaking point. It can be predicted that the ductile specimen (Steel) will be more resilient to failure compared to the brittle specimen (Cast- Iron). The equation used to calculate the modulus of elasticity is given below. 𝚬 = 𝝈 𝜺 Equation 1 where E is the modulus of elasticity, ε is strain, and σ is stress. Stress is calculated using the following equation: 𝝈 = 𝑷 𝑨 Equation 1 where σ is the stress, P is the applied load, and A is the cross-sectional area of the member. The stress in the member is found by substituting the known applied load into the equation along with the cross-sectional area measured. Destructive Strain is calculated using the following equation: 𝜀 = ∆௅ ௅ Equation 3 Where ε is strain, ΔL is change in length, and L is length. Percent area reduction is calculated using the following equation:

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