Lab 1B Results

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Chemistry

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Jan 9, 2024

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Name: Student ID: Date: 09/14/2023 Lab 1B Results The Scientific Method Record the uncertainties for which blanks are provided. Thereafter, we will assume that the uncertainties are the same for the rest of the values that are measured with that particular device. This will save a lot of tedium. Part 1: Water Plus Water Measured Values 1. Mass of empty graduated cylinder, g 41.01 2. Mass of empty pipet, g 44.12 3. Volume of water in graduated cylinder, ml 25.05 ± 0.1 4. Mass of graduated cylinder plus water, g 66.06 5. Mass of beaker plus water, g 59.30 6. Measured total volume of water in graduated cylinder, ml 49.74 7. Measured total mass of graduated cylinder plus water, g 90.75 8. Mass of beaker plus remaining water, g 34.86 9. Mass of pipet with water residue inside, g 44.19 Calculated Masses The mass of the first portion of water is the mass of the water that was first in the graduated cylinder, which is equal to Line 4 minus Line 1. Write this value on Line 10. The mass of the second portion of water is the mass of water that was delivered from the pipet, which is equal to the mass of water that was drawn into the pipet (Line 5 minus Line 8) minus the mass of the water residue that was left in the pipet (Line 9 minus Line 2). Write this value on Line 11. The predicted total mass of water is the sum of the two individual masses of water. If masses are additive, then the measured total mass of water should be equal to the predicted total mass of water. 10. Mass of first portion of water, g 25.08 11. Mass of second portion of water, g 24.37 12. The predicted total mass of water, g 49.45 (Line 10 plus Line 11) 13. The measured total mass of water, g 49.74(Line 7 minus Line 1) Calculated Volumes The volume of the first portion of water, which was measured with the graduated cylinder, was already recorded on Line 3. It is repeated here on Line 14 for convenience. The volume of the second portion of water, which was measured with the pipet, is equal to the capacity of the pipet and is recorded on Line 15. The predicted total volume of water is the sum of the two individual volumes of water. If volumes are additive, then the measured total volume of water should be equal to the predicted total volume of water. 14. Volume of first portion of water, ml 25.05 15. Volume of second portion of water, ml 24.44 ±

16. The predicted total volume of water, ml 49.49 17. The measured total volume of water (same as Line 6), ml 49.74 Questions 1. Based on your results , not on what you think you know, does the concept of additivity of mass appear valid for a mass of water mixed with another mass of water? Assume that masses are additive if the masses on Line 12 and Line 13 agree within ±0.20 g. Explain.No the masses are not within 0.20 g 2. Based on your results , not on what you think you know, does the concept of additivity of volumes appear valid for a volume of water mixed with another volume of water? Assume that volumes are additive if the masses on Line 16 and Line 17 agree within 0.5 ml. Explain. Yes the volumes are within 0.5 ml Part 2: Alcohol Plus Alcohol Measured Values 1. Mass of empty graduated cylinder, g 40.7 2. Mass of empty pipet, g 44.20 3. Volume of alcohol in graduated cylinder, ml 20.16 4. Mass of graduated cylinder plus alcohol, g 60.92 5. Mass of beaker plus alcohol, g 49.38 6. Measured total volume of liquid in graduated cylinder, ml 39.55 7. Measured total mass of graduated cylinder plus liquid, g 80.25 8. Mass of beaker plus remaining alcohol, g 29.53 9. Mass of pipet with alcohol residue inside, g 44.50 Calculated Masses The mass of the first portion of alcohol is the mass of the alcohol that was first in the graduated cylinder, which is equal to Line 4 minus Line 1. Write this value on Line 10. The mass of the second portion of alcohol is the mass of water that was delivered from the pipet, which is equal to the mass of alcohol that was drawn into the pipet (Line 5 minus Line 8) minus the mass of the alcohol residue that was left in the pipet (Line 9 minus Line 2). Write this value on Line 11. The predicted total mass of alcohol is the sum of the two individual masses of alcohol. If masses are additive, then the measured total mass of alcohol should be equal to the predicted total mass of alcohol. 10. Mass of first portion of alcohol, g 20.22 11. Mass of second portion of alcohol, g 19.55 12. The predicted total mass of alcohol, g 39.77 (Line 10 plus Line 11) 13. The measured total mass of alcohol, g 39.55(Line 7 minus Line 1) Calculated Volumes

The volume of the first portion of alcohol, which was measured with the graduated cylinder, was already recorded on Line 3. It is repeated here on Line 14 for convenience. The volume of the second portion of alcohol, which was measured with the pipet, is equal to the capacity of the pipet and is recorded on Line 15. The predicted total volume of alcohol is the sum of the two individual volumes of alcohol. If volumes are additive, then the measured total volume of alcohol should be equal to the predicted total volume of alcohol. 14. Volume of first portion of alcohol, ml 20.16 15. Volume of second portion of alcohol, ml 19.33 16. The predicted total volume of alcohol, ml 39.49 17. The measured total volume of alcohol, (same as Line 6), ml 39.55 Questions 3. Based on your results , not on what you think you know, does the concept of additivity of mass appear valid for a mass of alcohol mixed with another mass of alcohol? Assume that masses are additive if the masses on Line 12 and Line 13 agree within ±0.20 g. Explain. Yes the masses are within 0.20g 4. Based on your results , not on what you think you know, does the concept of additivity of volumes appear valid for a volume of alcohol mixed with another volume of alcohol? Assume that volumes are additive if the masses on Line 16 and Line 17 agree within 0.5 ml. Explain. yes the masses are within 0.5 ml Part 3: Alcohol Plus Water Measured Values 1. Mass of empty graduated cylinder, g 40.76 2. Mass of empty pipet, g 44.49 3. Volume of alcohol in graduated cylinder, ml 19.89 4. Mass of graduated cylinder plus alcohol, g 60.65 5. Mass of large beaker plus water, g 91.44 6. Measured total volume of liquid in graduated cylinder, ml 44.74 7. Measured total mass of graduated cylinder plus liquid, g 85.50 8. Mass of large beaker plus remaining water, g 66.84 9. Mass of pipet with water residue inside, g 44.24 Calculated Masses The mass of the alcohol is the mass of the liquid that was first in the graduated cylinder, which is equal to Line 4 minus Line 1. Write this value on Line 10. The mass of the water is the mass of water that was delivered from the pipet, which is equal to the mass of water that was drawn into the pipet (Line 5 minus Line 8) minus the mass of the water residue that was left in the pipet (Line 9 minus Line 2). Write this value on Line 11. The predicted total mass of liquid is the sum of

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the two individual masses. If masses are additive, then the measured total mass of liquid should be equal to the predicted total mass of liquid. 10. Mass of alcohol, g 19.88 11. Mass of water, g 24.85 12. The predicted total mass of liquid, g 44.73 (Line 10 plus Line 11) 13. The measured total mass of liquid, g 44.74 (Line 7 minus Line 1) Calculated Volumes The volume of the alcohol, which was measured with the graduated cylinder, was already recorded on Line 3. It is repeated here on Line 14 for convenience. The volume of the water, which was measured with the pipet, is equal to the capacity of the pipet and is recorded on Line 15. The predicted total volume of liquid is the sum of the two individual volumes of liquid. If volumes are additive, then the measured total volume of liquid should be equal to the predicted total volume of liquid. 14. Volume of alcohol, ml 19.89 15. Volume of water, ml 24.6 16. The predicted total volume of liquid, ml 44.49 17. The measured total volume of liquid (same as Line 6), ml 44.74 Questions 5. Based on your results , not on what you think you know, does the concept of additivity of mass appear valid for a mass of alcohol mixed with a mass of water? Assume that masses are additive if the masses on Line 12 and Line 13 agree within ±0.20 g. Explain. Yes masses are within 0.20g 6. Based on your results , not on what you think you know, does the concept of additivity of volume appear valid for a volume of alcohol mixed with a volume of water? Assume that volumes are additive if the volumes on Line 16 and Line 17 agree within 0.5 ml. Explain. Yes volumes are within 0.5 ml 7. Does the equipment that you used provide a sufficient level of precision "exactness" to evaluate the additivity of masses? Explain. No because when I transfer the liquid with the pipet I lose some water, 8. Does the equipment that you used provide a sufficient level of precision or "exactness" to evaluate the additivity of volumes? Explain. No because when I transfer the liquid with the pipet I lose some water,

9. If we wanted greater confidence in our conclusions, what should we do? Think about the scientific method. Get a pipet that doesn's spill liquid when trasfering 10. Since each of the total volumes of the liquids in Part 1, Part 2, and Part 3 were about 50 ml, the precision of the measurement of the total volume could be increased by using a vessel with a different shape or by modifying the graduated cylinder. Several pieces of common laboratory glassware are depicted below. In the space that is at the end of the question, enter the letter of the piece of glassware that would potentially improve the precision of the measurement of the total volume. Choose only one item. Hint: there is a piece of volumetric glassware commonly used in chemistry labs that embodies this principle, because of its function. Volumetric flask

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